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1257/2013 Sayılı Avrupa Birliği Tüzüğü’nün ve Yürürlüğü ile Birlikte 2009 Tarihli Hong Kong Sözleşmesinin Türk Hukukuna Etkileri Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 73 Sayı: 1, 119 – 156, 22.04.2024
Özgenur Kara Balcı , İzel Varan Samut
https://doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.1384360
Öz Türkiye ratified the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships (the Hong Kong Convention) in 2017, which was adopted in 2009. The entry into force conditions specified in Article 17 of the Hong Kong Convention were completed in June 2023 with Bangladesh and Liberia also becoming parties to the Convention, and the Convention is expected to enter into force as of 26 June 2025. Considering Türkiye’s significant role in the world ship recycling sector, it is crucial to examine the Hong Kong Convention and European Union (EU) Ship Recycling Regulation (EU Regulation) from the Turkish law perspective.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Hong Kong Convention and EU Ship Recycling Regulation, both of which address ship recycling and aim to standardize ship recycling facilities while harmonizing inspections. The study also aims to compare the relevant regulations of Turkish law with the Hong Kong Convention as well as EU Ship Recycling Regulation. While the economic benefits of ship breaking and recycling are undeniable, there are also risks associated with health and safety at work as well as protection of the environment. The study particularly focuses on the standards governed by the Hong Kong Convention and the EU Ship Recycling Regulation that may pose challenges in ship recycling activities and their applicability in the Turkish law.
Anahtar Kelimeler Ship Recycling, Shipbreaking, Environment, End of Life Ships, Hazardous Materials
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1257/2013 Sayılı Avrupa Birliği Tüzüğü'nün ve Yürürlüğü ile Birlikte 2009 Tarihli Hong Kong Sözleşmesinin Türk Hukukuna Etkileri Yıl 2024, Cilt: 73 Sayı: 1, 119 – 156, 22.04.2024
Özgenur Kara Balcı , İzel Varan Samut
https://doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.1384360
Öz Türkiye, 2009 tarihli Gemilerin Emniyetli ve Çevreye Duyarlı Geri Dönüşümü Hakkında Hong Kong Uluslararası Sözleşmesi (Hong Kong Sözleşmesi)’ni 2017 yılında onaylamıştır. Hong Kong Sözleşmesi’nin 17. maddesinde belirlenen yürürlük şartları Haziran 2023’te Bangladeş ve Liberya’nın da taraf olmasıyla tamamlanmış olup, Sözleşmenin 26 Haziran 2025 tarihi itibarıyla yürürlüğe girmesi beklenmektedir. Türkiye, dünya gemi geri dönüşümü sektörü içerisinde önemli yere sahip olduğundan, Hong Kong Sözleşmesi ile 1257/2013 sayılı Avrupa Birliği (AB) Gemi Geri Dönüşüm Tüzüğü’nün (AB Tüzüğü) incelenmesi gerekmektedir.
Çalışmanın amacı, gemilerin geri dönüşümünü ele alan ve gemi dönüşüm tesislerine standart getirerek, denetimlerini yeknesaklaştıran Hong Kong Sözleşmesi ve AB Tüzüğünün, Türk hukuku perspektifinden incelenmesi ve gemi geri dönüşümünde önemli bir rol oynayan Türkiye’nin konu ile ilgili hâlihazırdaki düzenlemelerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Gemi sökümü ve geri dönüşümünün ekonomik faydası yadsınamaz, fakat bu faaliyetlerin iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ile çevrenin korunması bakımından riskleri de bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada bilhassa Hong Kong Sözleşmesi ve AB Gemi Geri Dönüşüm Tüzüğünün gemi geri dönüşümü faaliyetlerinde sorun teşkil edebilecek bu konulara ilişkin getirdiği standartlar ve bunların Türkiye bakımından uygulanabilirlikleri üzerinde durulmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler Gemi Geri Dönüşümü, Gemi Sökümü, Çevre, İşletim Ömrü Sona Ermiş Gemi, Tehlikeli Maddeler
Kaynakça Ahmed, Ishtiaque. “Towards a Safe and Sustainable Industry of Ship Breaking: International Initiatives and South Asian Response.” Journal of Maritime Law & Commerce 51, No 3 (2020): 187-234. Andersen, Aage Bjørn. “Worker Safety in the Ship-Breaking Industries, Sectoral Activities Program”, ILO 8, (2001), Erişim Tarihi: Ekim 6, 2023. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_protect/—protrav/— safework/documents/ publication/wcms_110357.pdf. Argüella, Gabriela. Marine Pollution, Shipping Waste and International Law. London New York: Routledge, 2020. Baykal, Senem ve İlke Göçmen. Avrupa Birliği Kurumsal Hukuku. Ankara: Seçkin, 2016. Bhattacharjee, Saurabh. “From Basel to Hong Kong: International Environmental Regulation of Ship-Recycling Takes One Step Forward and Two Steps Back.” Trade, Law and Development, I, no. 2 (2009): 193-230. Bozkurt, Banu. “Gemilerin Emniyetli ve Çevreye Duyarlı Geri Dönüşümü Hakkında Hong Kong Uluslararası Sözleşme Hükümleri ile Avrupa Birliği Mevzuatındaki Gelişmelerin Gemi Söküm Şirketlerine Getirmekte Olduğu Yükümlülükler.” İçinde Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Ticaret Hukuku Sempozyumu Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, Editörler. Hamdi Gökçe Zabunoğlu ve Nurdan Orbay Ortaç, 261-263. Kırıkkale: Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2021. Cameron, James ve Juli Abouchar. “The Precautionary Principle: A Fundamental Principle of Law and Policy for the Protection of the Global Environment.” Boston College International & Comparative Law Review, XIV, no. 1 (1991): 1-27. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı. “Gemi Sökümü Yapılan İşyerlerinde İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Proje Denetimi Değerlendirme Raporu, Ekim 2005”. Erişim Tarihi: Ekim 11, 2023 <https://www.csgb.gov.tr/medias/5970/2005_09.pdf. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı. “Hurda Gemi Geri Dönüşümüne İlişkin Tebliğ Taslağı.” Erişim Tarihi: Eylül 25, 2023. http://otasad.org.tr/icerik/mevzuat/mevzuat-45.pdf. De la Rue, Colin ve Charles Anderson. Shipping and the Environment Law and Practice. London New York: Routledge, 2009. Deniz Ticaret Odası. “Gemi Geri Dönüşüm Sektörü.” Erişim Tarihi: Ekim 7, 2023. https://www.denizticaretodasi.org.tr/tr/sayfalar/gemi-geri-donusum-sektoru. IMO, “Status of Conventions.” Erişim Tarihi: Ekim 10, 2023. https://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/Pages/StatusOfConventions.aspx. Karim, Saiful. Shipbreaking in Developing Countries: A Requiem for Environmental Justice from the Perspective of Bangladesh (IMLI Studies in International Maritime Law). London: Routledge, 2018. Kaya, Yasemin. “Basel ve Hong Kong Sözleşmeleri Bağlamında Gemi Söküm Endüstrisi: Çevre, Sağlık ve Güvenlik Odaklı Bir Analiz.” İş, Güç: Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi 14, No 4 (2012): 71-88. MARISEC. Industry Code of Practice on Ship Recycling. London: International Chamber of Shipping, 2001. Mishra, Shreya. “Non-entry into force of the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, 2009: An analysis from the perspective of India Pakistan and Bangladesh.” Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping II, no. 1 (2018): 22-30. Neşer, Gökdeniz, Deniz Ünsalan, Nermin Tekoğul and Frank Stuer-Lauridsen. “The Shipbreaking Industry in Turkey: Environmental, Safety and Health Issues.” Journal of Cleaner Production 16, no. 3 (2006): 350-358. NGO Shipbreaking Platform. “Glossary.” Erişim Tarihi: Ekim 7, 2023. https://shipbreakingplatform.org/our-work/glossary/. Official Journal of the European Union. “Regulation (EU) No 1257/2013.” Erişim Tarihi: Ekim 6, 2023.https://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:330:0001:0020:EN:P DF#:~:text=The%20purpose%20of%20this%20Regulation%20is%20to%20en hance%20safety%2C%20the,subject%20to%20environmentally%20sound%20 management. Öge Gemi Söküm. “Sertifikalarımız.” Erişim Tarihi: Ekim 2, 2023. https://www.ogegemi.com/kurumsal/sertifika/. Pskowski, Rebecca Prentiss. “No Country for Old Ships?: Emerging Liabilities for Ship Recycling Stakeholders.” Tulane Maritime Law Journal 45, no. 1 (2020): 61-100. Puthucherril, Tony George. From Shipbreaking to Sustainable Ship Recycling. Leiden Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2010. Royal Museums Greenwich. “Shipbuilding at Greenwich.” Erişim Tarihi: Eylül 10, 2023. https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/shipbuilding-1800-present. Sawyer, John F. “Shipbreaking and the North-South Debate: Economic Development or Environmental and Labor Catastrophe.” Penn State International Law Review 20, No 3 (2002): 535-562. Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Hukuk (Diğer) Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Özgenur Kara Balcı ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, HUKUK FAKÜLTESİ 0000-0002-3511-7802 Türkiye
İzel Varan Samut ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, HUKUK FAKÜLTESİ 0000-0003-4062-0215 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Nisan 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Kasım 2023 Kabul Tarihi 6 Mart 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 73 Sayı: 1
Kaynak Göster Chicago Kara Balcı, Özgenur, ve İzel Varan Samut. “1257/2013 Sayılı Avrupa Birliği Tüzüğü’nün Ve Yürürlüğü Ile Birlikte 2009 Tarihli Hong Kong Sözleşmesinin Türk Hukukuna Etkileri”. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 73, sy. 1 (Nisan 2024): 119-56. https://doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.1384360.
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