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16. yüzyıl Osmanlı saraylarında Azerbaycanlı hattat ve kâtipler Skip to content Yıl 2017, Sayı: 81, 89 – 113, 16.03.2017
Bilal – Dedeyev
Öz Safevi Devleti’nin 1501-1736 kurulmasından sonra Azerbaycan bölgesi ile Osmanlı Devleti arasında eskiden var olan sosyo-kültürel ilişkiler farklı boyutta devam etmiştir. 16. yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda yazı ve kitap kültürüne çok büyük önem verildiği için, bu işleri yapan katip ve hattatlara da ciddi ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Bu devirde sanatta kendini ispat etmiş meşhur Azerbaycanlı hattat ve katiplere Osmanlı Devleti’nde büyük saygı ve rağbet gösterildiği, devlet tarafından onların planlı bir şekilde ülkeye getirildiği bilinmektedir. Azerbaycan’dan Osmanlı Devleti’ne gelen hattat ve katipler, 16. yüzyıl Osmanlısında Şeyh Hamdullah ekolünden başka özellikle talik ve divani yazıda ayrı bir ekol tesis etmişlerdir. Osmanlı saraylarında hizmete alınan Azerbaycanlı hattatların hemen hemen hepsi, hat sanatının sırlarını kendi vatanları olan Azerbaycan’da öğrenmişlerdir. Makalede, Osmanlı saraylarına alınmış 29 Azerbaycanlı hattat ve katip hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Bu Azerbaycanlı sanatkarlar, sarayın resmi yazı işleri ile uğraşmanın yanı sıra çok sayıda levha yazıları ve değerli eserlerin istinsahında çoğaltınmasında önemli rol oynamışlardır
Anahtar Kelimeler Hat Sanatı, Azerbaycanlı hattatlar, Osmanlı, Zahireddin Erdebili, Hacı Muhammed Tebrizi, Mahfi Gilani, Muzaffer Ali Şirvani, Muhammed Rıza Tebrizi.
Kaynakça Adilov, Memmed. (2009). Azərbaycan Poleografiyası. Bakü: Elm. Adigüzel Toprak, Filiz. (2007). Arıfi’nin Süleymanname’sindeki Minyetürlerde Saltanata İlişkin Simgeler. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü, Geleneksel Türk El sanatları Anasanat dalı, 226338 No’lu Sanatta Yeterlik Tezi. Ahdi Bağdadi. (2009). Gülşen-i Şuara. B Metin, Yayına hazırlayan: Süleyman Sol- maz. Denizli: http://ekitap.kulturturizm.gov.tr/Eklenti/10731,agmpdf.pdf?0 (Erişim tarihi: 23.05.2016). Ahıskalı, Recep. (2011). “Terakki”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. c. 40, Ankara: 479-481. Aliyev, Salih Muhammedoğlu. (1995). “Elkas Mirza”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. c.11, Ankara:55. Alparslan, Ali. (1999). Osmanlı Hat Sanatı Tarihi. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları. Araslı, Hamid. (1958). Büyük Azerbaycan Şairi Füzuli. Bakü: Azerbaycan Uşaq ve Gencler Edebiyatı Neşriyatı. Arslan, Hüseyin. (2001). XVI.yy. Osmanlı Toplumunda Yönetim, Nüfus, İskan, Göç ve Sürgün. İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları. Aşık Çelebi. (1994). “Meşa’irü’ş-Şu’ara, İnceleme Tenkitli Metin”. c. I, Hazırlayan: Filiz Kılıç, Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Eski Türk Edebiyatı Anabi- lim Dalı Doktora Tezi, Ankara. Bakihanov, Abbaskulu Ağa. (1951). Gülüstani İrem. Bakü: Azerbaycan SSR İlimler Akademisi Neşriyatı. Barkan, Ö. Lütfü. (1979). “İstanbul Saraylarına Ait Muhasebe Defterleri”. Belgeler. c. IX, Sayı:13, Ankarwa: 3-380. Bayram, Ömer. (2005). “Anadolu Sahasında Azerbaycanlı Şairler”. Journal of Qafqaz University. Volume 1, Number, 15, Bakü: 81-90. Bulut, İbrahim Halil. (2015). “Safevilerin Ehl-i Sünnet Karşıtı Politikaları”, Türk Kül- türü ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Araştırma Dergisi, Sayı 76: 15-30. Bursalı Mehmed Tahir. (1342). Osmanlı Müellifleri. c. III, İstanbul: Matbaa-ı Amire. İbrahim Peçevi. (1980). Tarih. c. I, II, Hazırlayanlar: Fahri Ç. Deri, Vahit Çabuk, İstanbul: Enderun Kitapevi. İnalcık, Halil. (2015). Has-bağçede Ayş-u Tarab, Nedimler Şairler Mutribler. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları. İskender Bey Münşi Türkman. (2010). Tarehe-Alamaraye-Abbasi. Tercüme eden: Şahin Farzaliyev, Bakü: Şerq-Qerb. Kastamonlu Latifi. (1314). Tezkere-i Latifi. İstanbul: Derseadet İkdam Matbaası. Kazan, Hilal. (1999). “Ehl-i Hıref Defterlerinde Katipler (Cema’at-i Katiban-ı Kü- tüb)”. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İslam Tarihi ve Sanatları Ana Bilim Dalı Türk-İslam Sanatları Tarihi Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstan- bul. —. (2004). “Topkapı Sarayı’nda Katipler Cemiyetinin (Cema’at-i Katiban-ı kütüb) Eğitimleri ve Görevleri”. Osmanlı Araştırmaları, Sayı XXIV, İstanbul: 213-241. —. (2007). “XV. ve XVI. Asırlarda Osmanlı Sarayının Sanatı Himayesi”. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İlahiyat Ana Bilim Dalı Türk-İslam Sanatları Tarihi Bilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul. —. (2010). “Farklı Açıdan Bir Bakışla Şehnâmeci Seyyid Lokmanın Saray İçin Ha- zırladığı Eserler”. Osmanlı Araştırmaları, Sayı XXXV, İstanbul: 117-136. Kınalızade Hasan Çelebi. (2009). Tezkiretü ş-Şuara. Tenkitli metin A-B, hazırlayan: Aysun Sungurhan-Eyduran, Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı e-kitap.http://ekitap.kul- turturizm.gov.tr/Eklenti/10739,tsmetinbpdf.pdf?0(Erişim tarihi: 04.04.2016) Komissiyon. (1999). Azerbaycan Tarihi (yeddi cildde). c. III. Bakü: Elm. Kütükoğlu, Bekir.(2003). “Lokman b. Hüseyin”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. c. 27,An- kara:208-209. Mahir, Banu. (2012). Osmanlı Minyatür Sanatı. İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayıncılık. Mehmed Cemaleddin. (2003). Osmanlı Tarih ve Müverrihleri, Ayine-i Zurefa. Hazır- layan: Mehmet Arslan, İstanbul: Kitabevi. Mehmed Mecdi. (1989). Şakaik-ı Numaniye ve Zeyilleri: Hadaiku’ş-Şakaik (Şekaik Tercümesi). c. I, Neşre hazırlayan: Abdülkadir Özcan, İstanbul: Çağrı Yayınları. Mehmed Süreyya. (1996). Sicill-i Osmani. Yayına hazırlayan: Nuri Akbayar, c. II, III, İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları. Meriç, Rıfkı Melul. (1958). “Beyazıd Camii Mimarı, II. Bayezid Devri Mimarları ile Bazı Binaları-Beyazid Camii ile Alakalı Hususları, Sanatkarlar ve Eserleri”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Türk ve İslam Sanatları Tarihi Enstitüsü Yıllık Araştır- malar Dergisi II-1957, Ankara: 5-76. Muhyi-İ Gülşeni. (2014). Menakıb-ı İbrahim-i Gülşeni. Yayına hazırlayanlar: Mustafa Koç ve Eyyüp Tanrıverdi, İstanbul: Türkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu Başkanlığı. Musalı, Namiq. (2012). “XVI-XVII. Asrlarda Erdebil Hattatlık Mektebi”. Azerbaycan Milli Elmler Akademiyası: “Orta asrlar şarqinin tarihşinaslığı ve menbaşinaslığı”. Akademik Z.M.Bünyadovun 90 illiyine hasr olunmuş beynalhalk elmi simpoziumun materialları (AMEA, 7-8 may 2012-ci il), Bakü: 364-366. li Muallim Rifat, İstanbul: Genel Sanatlar Akademisi Neıriyatı. Şemseddin Sami. (1996). Kamusu’l-A’lam. Tıpkıbasım, c. IV., Ankara: Simurg Ki- tabevi. Şirazi Hace Zeynalabidin Ali Abdi Bey. (1996). Tekmiletül-Ahbar. Farsçadan tercüme, mukaddeme ve şerhler Abülfez Haşım oğlu Rehimlinindir, Bakü: Elm. http://elibrary.bsu.az/books_aysel%5CN_-41.pdf (erişim tarihi: 15.03.2016). Taşköpri-Zade Ahmed Efendi. (1985). Şakaiku’n-Numaniye. Tıpkıbasım, İstanbul: İ.Ü. Edebiyat Fakültesi. Taşkın, Gülşah. (2012). “Kanuni Döneminde “Mahfi” Bir Şair: Mahfi Gilani ve Bih-i Çini Tarcümesi”. TURKISH STUDIES-International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic-, Volume 7/3, Summer -Ankara: 2423- 2443. Tekin, Başak Burcu. (2012). “Arifi Şehnâmesinde Kaftan Tasvirleri: Kanuni Döne- mi Dokumaları Hakkında Bir Değerlendirme”. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken (ZfWT). Volume 4, No. 2:167-191. https://www.academia.edu/5182443/_ Arifi_S%C3%BCleymann%C3%A2mesi_nde_Kaftan_Tasvirleri_ Kanuni_D%C3%B6nemi_Dokumalar%C4%B1_Hakk%C4%B1nda_Bir_D e%C4%9Ferlendirme_ (erişim tarihi: 31.01.2015). Terbiyyet, Muhammed Ali. (1987). Danişmendani Azerbaycan. Tercüme: İsmaill Şems ve Qafar Kendli, Bakü: Azerbaycan Devlet Neşriyyatı. Turan, Şerafettin. (1998). “Hoca Sadeddin Efendi”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. c. 18, Ankara: 196-198. Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı. (1998). Osmanlı Tarihi. c. II., Ankara: TTK. —. (1986). “Osmanlı Sarayında Ehl-i Hiref Defteri”. Belgeler. XI/15, Ankara: 23-76. Ülker, Muammer. (1987). Başlangıçtan Günümüze Türk Hatt Sanatı. Ankara: Tür- kiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları. Woodhead, Christine. (2010). “Şehnâmeci”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. c. 38, Ankara: 456-458. Yaman, Bahattin. (2006). “1557 Tarihli Ehl-i Hiref Defterine Göre Osmanlı Saray Sanatkarları”. KÖK Sosyal ve Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi. c. VIII, Sayı-2, Güz: 5-38. —. (2008). “1545 yılı Osmanlı Saray Sanatkarları”. Belleten. c. LXXII, Sayı-264, Av- qust: 501-534. Yazıcı, Tahsin. (1991). “Arifi Fetullah Çelebi”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. c. 3, Ankara: 371-372.
XVIth CENTURY AZERBAIJANI CALLIGRAPHERS AND CLERKS IN THE OTTOMAN PALACES Yıl 2017, Sayı: 81, 89 – 113, 16.03.2017
Bilal – Dedeyev
Öz After the formation of the Safavids state the former socio-cultural relations between Azerbaijan and the Ottoman continued in different dimensions. The calligraphers and clerks were needed seriously in the Ottoman because writting and book culture were highly paid attention in the XVIth century. It is known that Azerbaijani calligraphers and clerks who proved himself in this art were highly respected and demanded in the Ottoman and the Empire brought them into the country plannedly. Together with Sheykh Hamdullah school the calligraphers and clerks moved from Azerbaijan to the Ottoman in the XVIth century formed schools with other characteristics especially in talik and divani. Almost all Azerbaijani calligraphers accepted to the Ottoman palaces learned the secrects of calligraphic in their native country Azerbaijan. The article will give information about 29 Azerbaijani clerks and calligraphers accepted to the Ottoman Palaces. They took part not only in official writting but also in multiplicating the plate writtings and valued works
Anahtar Kelimeler Art of calligraphy, Azerbaijani calligraphers, Ottoman, Zahireddin Ardebili, Hajı Mohammed Tabrizi, Mahfi Gilani, Muzaffer Ali Shirvani, Mohammed Rıza Tabrizi.
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(1994). “Meşa’irü’ş-Şu’ara, İnceleme Tenkitli Metin”. c. I, Hazırlayan: Filiz Kılıç, Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Eski Türk Edebiyatı Anabi- lim Dalı Doktora Tezi, Ankara. Bakihanov, Abbaskulu Ağa. (1951). Gülüstani İrem. Bakü: Azerbaycan SSR İlimler Akademisi Neşriyatı. Barkan, Ö. Lütfü. (1979). “İstanbul Saraylarına Ait Muhasebe Defterleri”. Belgeler. c. IX, Sayı:13, Ankarwa: 3-380. Bayram, Ömer. (2005). “Anadolu Sahasında Azerbaycanlı Şairler”. Journal of Qafqaz University. Volume 1, Number, 15, Bakü: 81-90. Bulut, İbrahim Halil. (2015). “Safevilerin Ehl-i Sünnet Karşıtı Politikaları”, Türk Kül- türü ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Araştırma Dergisi, Sayı 76: 15-30. Bursalı Mehmed Tahir. (1342). Osmanlı Müellifleri. c. III, İstanbul: Matbaa-ı Amire. İbrahim Peçevi. (1980). Tarih. c. I, II, Hazırlayanlar: Fahri Ç. Deri, Vahit Çabuk, İstanbul: Enderun Kitapevi. İnalcık, Halil. (2015). Has-bağçede Ayş-u Tarab, Nedimler Şairler Mutribler. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları. İskender Bey Münşi Türkman. (2010). Tarehe-Alamaraye-Abbasi. Tercüme eden: Şahin Farzaliyev, Bakü: Şerq-Qerb. Kastamonlu Latifi. (1314). Tezkere-i Latifi. İstanbul: Derseadet İkdam Matbaası. Kazan, Hilal. (1999). “Ehl-i Hıref Defterlerinde Katipler (Cema’at-i Katiban-ı Kü- tüb)”. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İslam Tarihi ve Sanatları Ana Bilim Dalı Türk-İslam Sanatları Tarihi Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstan- bul. —. (2004). “Topkapı Sarayı’nda Katipler Cemiyetinin (Cema’at-i Katiban-ı kütüb) Eğitimleri ve Görevleri”. Osmanlı Araştırmaları, Sayı XXIV, İstanbul: 213-241. —. (2007). “XV. ve XVI. Asırlarda Osmanlı Sarayının Sanatı Himayesi”. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İlahiyat Ana Bilim Dalı Türk-İslam Sanatları Tarihi Bilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul. —. (2010). “Farklı Açıdan Bir Bakışla Şehnâmeci Seyyid Lokmanın Saray İçin Ha- zırladığı Eserler”. Osmanlı Araştırmaları, Sayı XXXV, İstanbul: 117-136. Kınalızade Hasan Çelebi. (2009). Tezkiretü ş-Şuara. Tenkitli metin A-B, hazırlayan: Aysun Sungurhan-Eyduran, Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı e-kitap.http://ekitap.kul- turturizm.gov.tr/Eklenti/10739,tsmetinbpdf.pdf?0(Erişim tarihi: 04.04.2016) Komissiyon. (1999). Azerbaycan Tarihi (yeddi cildde). c. III. Bakü: Elm. Kütükoğlu, Bekir.(2003). “Lokman b. Hüseyin”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. c. 27,An- kara:208-209. Mahir, Banu. (2012). Osmanlı Minyatür Sanatı. İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayıncılık. Mehmed Cemaleddin. (2003). Osmanlı Tarih ve Müverrihleri, Ayine-i Zurefa. Hazır- layan: Mehmet Arslan, İstanbul: Kitabevi. Mehmed Mecdi. (1989). Şakaik-ı Numaniye ve Zeyilleri: Hadaiku’ş-Şakaik (Şekaik Tercümesi). c. I, Neşre hazırlayan: Abdülkadir Özcan, İstanbul: Çağrı Yayınları. Mehmed Süreyya. (1996). Sicill-i Osmani. Yayına hazırlayan: Nuri Akbayar, c. II, III, İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları. Meriç, Rıfkı Melul. (1958). “Beyazıd Camii Mimarı, II. Bayezid Devri Mimarları ile Bazı Binaları-Beyazid Camii ile Alakalı Hususları, Sanatkarlar ve Eserleri”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Türk ve İslam Sanatları Tarihi Enstitüsü Yıllık Araştır- malar Dergisi II-1957, Ankara: 5-76. Muhyi-İ Gülşeni. (2014). Menakıb-ı İbrahim-i Gülşeni. Yayına hazırlayanlar: Mustafa Koç ve Eyyüp Tanrıverdi, İstanbul: Türkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu Başkanlığı. Musalı, Namiq. (2012). “XVI-XVII. Asrlarda Erdebil Hattatlık Mektebi”. Azerbaycan Milli Elmler Akademiyası: “Orta asrlar şarqinin tarihşinaslığı ve menbaşinaslığı”. Akademik Z.M.Bünyadovun 90 illiyine hasr olunmuş beynalhalk elmi simpoziumun materialları (AMEA, 7-8 may 2012-ci il), Bakü: 364-366. li Muallim Rifat, İstanbul: Genel Sanatlar Akademisi Neıriyatı. Şemseddin Sami. (1996). Kamusu’l-A’lam. Tıpkıbasım, c. IV., Ankara: Simurg Ki- tabevi. Şirazi Hace Zeynalabidin Ali Abdi Bey. (1996). Tekmiletül-Ahbar. Farsçadan tercüme, mukaddeme ve şerhler Abülfez Haşım oğlu Rehimlinindir, Bakü: Elm. http://elibrary.bsu.az/books_aysel%5CN_-41.pdf (erişim tarihi: 15.03.2016). Taşköpri-Zade Ahmed Efendi. (1985). Şakaiku’n-Numaniye. Tıpkıbasım, İstanbul: İ.Ü. Edebiyat Fakültesi. Taşkın, Gülşah. (2012). “Kanuni Döneminde “Mahfi” Bir Şair: Mahfi Gilani ve Bih-i Çini Tarcümesi”. TURKISH STUDIES-International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic-, Volume 7/3, Summer -Ankara: 2423- 2443. Tekin, Başak Burcu. (2012). “Arifi Şehnâmesinde Kaftan Tasvirleri: Kanuni Döne- mi Dokumaları Hakkında Bir Değerlendirme”. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken (ZfWT). Volume 4, No. 2:167-191. https://www.academia.edu/5182443/_ Arifi_S%C3%BCleymann%C3%A2mesi_nde_Kaftan_Tasvirleri_ Kanuni_D%C3%B6nemi_Dokumalar%C4%B1_Hakk%C4%B1nda_Bir_D e%C4%9Ferlendirme_ (erişim tarihi: 31.01.2015). Terbiyyet, Muhammed Ali. (1987). Danişmendani Azerbaycan. Tercüme: İsmaill Şems ve Qafar Kendli, Bakü: Azerbaycan Devlet Neşriyyatı. Turan, Şerafettin. (1998). “Hoca Sadeddin Efendi”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. c. 18, Ankara: 196-198. Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı. (1998). Osmanlı Tarihi. c. II., Ankara: TTK. —. (1986). “Osmanlı Sarayında Ehl-i Hiref Defteri”. Belgeler. XI/15, Ankara: 23-76. Ülker, Muammer. (1987). Başlangıçtan Günümüze Türk Hatt Sanatı. Ankara: Tür- kiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları. Woodhead, Christine. (2010). “Şehnâmeci”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. c. 38, Ankara: 456-458. Yaman, Bahattin. (2006). “1557 Tarihli Ehl-i Hiref Defterine Göre Osmanlı Saray Sanatkarları”. KÖK Sosyal ve Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi. c. VIII, Sayı-2, Güz: 5-38. —. (2008). “1545 yılı Osmanlı Saray Sanatkarları”. Belleten. c. LXXII, Sayı-264, Av- qust: 501-534. Yazıcı, Tahsin. (1991). “Arifi Fetullah Çelebi”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. c. 3, Ankara: 371-372. Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Bilal – Dedeyev Bakü Mühendislik Üniversitesi, Bakü/Azerbaycan
Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Mart 2017 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Sayı: 81
Kaynak Göster ISNAD Dedeyev, Bilal -. “16. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Saraylarında Azerbaycanlı Hattat Ve Kâtipler”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi 81 (Mart 2017), 89-113.
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