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YÖRÜKÂN, Yusuf Ziya Skip to content YÖRÜKÂN, Yusuf Ziya (1887-1954) İstanbul Dârülfünunu ve Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi öğretim üyelerinden.
Müellif: Turhan Yörükan
Selânik’te doğdu. Rumeli’ye göç ettirilmiş Türkmenler’in Yörükân kolundan bir evlâd-ı fâtihân ailesinin çocuğudur. Babası Selânik’teki Eski Saray Medresesi müderrislerinden Yâkub Efendi, annesi Zehra Hanım’dır. Selânik’te Selimiye Mektebi’ni ve Mülkiye Rüşdiyesi’ni bitirdikten sonra yine burada dârülmuallimînin Rüşdiye Şubesi’nden mezun oldu (1905). Ardından İstanbul’a giderek Sahn Medresesi Kısm-ı Âlîsi’ne girdi ve burayı tamamlayıp Hüseyin Necmeddin Efendi’den icâzet aldı (1910). 1911’de Selânik Sultânîsi’nde Arapça muallimi olarak başladığı görevini Selânik Dârülmuallimîni’nde sürdürdü. İstanbul’da çeşitli mekteplerde Türkçe, imlâ, kıraat, kavaid ve hendese muallimliği yaptı. 1914’te Gümüşhane Tedrîsât-ı İbtidâiyye müfettişliğine tayin edildi ve 1916 yılına kadar bu görevde kaldı. Ardından yine İstanbul’da Türkçe muallimliği görevinde bulundu. 1918-1923 yıllarında Dârü’l-hilâfeti’l-aliyye Medresesi’nin ibtidâ-i hâric ve ibtidâ-i dâhil kısımlarında müderris olarak görev aldı. Medrese-i Süleymâniyye’nin (eski adı Medresetü’l-mütehassısîn) kelâm, felsefe ve tasavvuf şubesinde yaptığı ihtisasını “Şeyh Şehâbeddin es-Sühreverdî ve Felsefesi” başlıklı çalışmasıyla tamamladı (1922). Aynı yıl Dârülfünun Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Şubesi’nden mezun oldu. 1923’te Dârü’l-hilâfeti’l-aliyye Medresesi’nin Sahn Kısm-ı Âlîsi’nde felsefe-i cedîd müderrisliğine tayin edildi ve 3 Mart 1924 tarihinde medreseler kapatılıncaya kadar burada ders verdi. 1925’te Şamlı Rızâ Efendi’nin kızı Fatma Mükerrem Hanım’la evlendi. Bu evlilikten Türkân (Turgut), Turhan, Nurhan, Fethan, Beyhan (Karamağralı) ve Doğan adlarında altı çocuğu dünyaya geldi. 1924-1929 arasında İstanbul’da Çapa Kız Muallim Mektebi’nde din dersleri hocalığı yaptı.
Yusuf Ziya Yörükân 1926 yılından itibaren Dârülfünun İlâhiyat Fakültesi’nde ders vermeye başlayan Yusuf Ziya Bey bu fakültede kâtib-i umûmîlik görevini de üstlendi, bir süre fakülte reisliğine (dekanlık) vekâlet etti. Yusuf Ziya Bey, Dârülfünun İlâhiyat Fakültesi Tedrîs Heyeti tarafından hazırlandığı bildirilen ve dönemin basın organlarında yayımlanan (20 Haziran 1928) Dinî İnkılâp ve Islahat Beyannâmesi’nde imzası bulunduğu iddialarını İslâm-Türk Ansiklopedisi Mecmuası ’ndaki bir yazısıyla reddetti. Bu fakültenin üniversite reformuyla 31 Mayıs 1933 tarihinde kapatılmasının ardından bazı öğretim üyeleriyle birlikte, Edebiyat Fakültesi’nde kurulan ve öğrencisi bulunmayan İslâm Tetkikleri Enstitüsü’nde görevlendirildi. Bu arada İstanbul ve İnönü Kız liseleriyle Vefa Lisesi gibi kurumlarda tarih ve felsefe dersleri okuttu. Aynı dönemde uzunca bir süre Şehremini Halkevi reisliği yaptı. 20 Mayıs 1943’te Diyanet İşleri reisi M. Şerefettin Yaltkaya tarafından riyâsetin Müşavere Heyeti üyeliğine tayin edildi. Bir müddet Diyanet İşleri ikinci reisliği görevinde bulundu. Müşavere Heyeti üyeliği Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi’nin açılışına kadar sürdü (21 Kasım 1949). Kuruluşu sırasında İslâm dini ve mezhepleri tarihi profesörü olarak tayin edildiği bu fakültenin teşkilâtlanmasında ve ders programlarının hazırlanmasında önemli hizmetler gördü. 5 Haziran 1954 tarihinde geçirdiği bir kalp krizi neticesinde Ankara’da vefat etti ve Cebeci Asrî Mezarlığı’na defnedildi. Yusuf Ziya Yörükân bütün hayatını seçkin bir ilim çevresinde geçirmiştir. İstanbul’da bulunduğu yıllarda Topkapı dışında Maltepe Gümüşsuyu mevkiinde küçük bir bağ evini ilim meclisine dönüştürmüş, bu evde Ismayıl Hakkı Baltacıoğlu, M. Şerefettin Yaltkaya, Hilmi Ziya Ülken, İsmail Hakkı İzmirli, Mükrimin Halil Yinanç ve Ahmet Süheyl Ünver gibi ilim adamlarıyla sohbetler yapmıştır.
Eserleri. Arapça ve Farsça’nın yanı sıra eski Türk lehçelerine de vâkıf olan Yörükân Dârülfünun İlâhiyat Fakültesi Mecmuası , İslâm-Türk Ansiklopedisi Mecmuası , Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi ve Sebîlürreşâd ’ın yanı sıra kendisinin yayımladığı veya yayımlanmasına vesile olduğu Kutlu Bilgi , Mihrab ve Millî Mecmua gibi dergilerde pek çok makale neşretmiştir (Kutluay, III/1-2 [1954], s. 93-95).
1. Heyâkilü’n-nûr Tercümesi ve Şeyh Sühreverdî’nin Felsefesi . Müellifin ihtisas çalışmasına ek olarak hazırladığı bu tercüme tezin özetiyle birlikte önce Mihrab dergisinde çıkmış, daha sonra kitap halinde neşredilmiş (İstanbul 1340/1924), A. Kâmil Cihan tarafından Şihabeddin Sühreverdî ve Nur Heykelleri adıyla yeni harflerle de yayımlanmıştır (İstanbul 1998). Öte yandan “Şeyh Şehâbeddin es-Sühreverdî ve Felsefesi” adlı tezinin müellif hattıyla bir nüshasının Selçuk Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Kütüphanesi’nde bulunduğu (nr. 2325) kaydedilmektedir (Turhan Yörükân, “Giriş”, s. 4).
2. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’den Âyetler (İslâm Esasları) . Önce Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi ’nde yayımlanan bu çalışma (I, 5-21) aynı fakülte tarafından bir kitapçık halinde neşredilmiş (Ankara 1952), daha sonra Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı’nca yardımcı ders kitabı olarak basılmıştır (İstanbul 1953, 1956).
3. İslâm Akaidine Dair Eski Metinler I, Ebu Mansur-i Matüridî’nin İki Eseri (Tevhid Kitabı ve Akaid Risalesi) (Ankara 1953). Millet Kütüphanesi’nde bulunan (Feyzullah Efendi, nr. 2155) ve Kitâbü’t-Tevḥîd adıyla İmam Mâtürîdî’ye nisbet edilen dört sayfalık bir metinle yine aynı müellife izâfe edilen, Risâle fi’l-ʿaḳāʾid adlı eserin özel bir kütüphanedeki yazma nüshasının neşir ve tercümesinden oluşmaktadır. Eserin tercüme kısmı, İslâm Akaid Sisteminde Gelişmeler adlı kitabın içinde de (haz. Turhan Yörükân, İstanbul 2006) notlar eklenerek yayımlanmıştır (s. 221-258). Ancak Mâtürîdî’nin Kitâbü’t-Tevḥîd ’inin neşredilmesiyle (Beyrut 1970) risâlenin Mâtürîdî mezhebine mensup bir âlime ait olduğu anlaşılmıştır (krş. Kitâbü’t-Tevhîd Tercümesi , s. XXXI-XXXIII).
4. Müslümanlık . Başlangıçta ortaöğretimdeki din dersleri için hazırlanan eserin (Ankara 1957, 1961) Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’den Âyetler adlı kitapla beraber çeşitli baskıları yapılmıştır (Ankara 1993, 1997, 1998).
5. Anadolu’da Alevîler ve Tahtacılar . Yörükân’ın 1927-1932 yıllarında Dârülfünun İlâhiyat Fakültesi Mecmuası ’nda çıkan makalelerinden oluşan bu eseri onun hayatı ve eserleriyle ilgili bir giriş, çeşitli ekler ve notlarla birlikte Turhan Yörükân yayımlamıştır (Ankara 1998).
6. Hz. Muhammed’in Doğumundan Ölümüne Kadar İslâm Dini Tarihi . Müellifin İlâhiyat Fakültesi için hazırladığı “İslâm Dini ve Mezhepleri Tarihi” adlı dört kitaplık bir projenin birinci kitabını teşkil eden eser Türkân Turgut tarafından notlar eklenip yayıma hazırlanarak neşredilmiştir (Ankara 2001; İstanbul 2006).
7. İslâm Akaid Sisteminde Gelişmeler . Yine İlâhiyat Fakültesi’nde okutulmak üzere yazılan eseri Turhan Yörükân müellifin yayımlanmamış yazılarından derlemelerle birlikte neşredilmiştir (Ankara 2001; İstanbul 2006). Eserin çatısını, Yörükân’ın Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi ’nde çıkan “Ebû Mansûr-i Mâtüridî” adlı seri makaleleri (sy. II-III [1952], s. 3-19; sy. IV [1952], s. 71-87; sy. IV [1953], s. 127-142) oluşturmaktadır. Kitabın son kısmında müellifin, Çankaya Atatürk Özel Kitaplığı’nda bulunan (2. k. y. y., 1932, 4/238) “Müslümanlık’tan Sonra Türk Mezhepleri” adlı kitabı, Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi ’nde çıkan bir makalesi (sy. I, 104-109), Ebû Hanîfe’nin akaid risâleleriyle İmam Mâtürîdî’ye nisbet edilen tevhid ve akaid risâlelerinin müellif tarafından yapılmış tercümeleri de yer almaktadır.
8. Ebü’l-Feth Şehristânî . Yörükân’ın Dârülfünun İlâhiyat Fakültesi Mecmuası ’nda “Şehristânî” başlığıyla yayımlanan iki makalesinden (sy. 3 [1926], s. 263-314; sy. 5-6 [1927], s. 187-277) ve bu makalelerin sonundaki “Mezheplerin Tedkikinde Usul” başlıklı yazısından meydana gelmektedir (nşr. Murat Memiş, Ankara 2002).
9. Müslüman Coğrafyacıların Gözüyle Ortaçağda Türkler . Müellifin bazı İslâm coğrafyacılarının eserlerinden yaptığı kısmî tercümelerden ibaret olup Mehmet Şeker, Ali Ertuğrul, Süleyman Özkaya ve Tahsin Koçyiğit’ten oluşan bir komisyon tarafından neşre hazırlanmıştır (İstanbul 2004). Eseri yayımlayanlar kitabın baş tarafına “İslâm Coğrafya Literatürünün Teşekkülü ve Tercümesi Yapılan Eserler” başlıklı geniş bir giriş eklemiştir.
10. Müslümanlıktan Evvel Türk Dinleri: Şamanizm . Müellifin, Atatürk’ün isteği üzerine tasarladığı “Türk Dinleri ve Mezhepleri Tarihi” adlı iki kitaplık bir projenin birinci kitabını teşkil etmektedir (nşr. Turhan Yörükân, Ankara 2005).
11. Müslümanlıkta Dinî Tefrika . Yörükân’ın İlâhiyat Fakültesi öğrencileri için kaleme aldığı ders notlarıdır (nşr. Türkân Turgut – Turhan Yörükân, İstanbul 2009).
12. Alevî-Bektaşî ve Tahtacı Nefesleri . Müellifin Anadolu’da Alevîler ve Tahtacılar üzerine araştırma yaparken bu gruplardan derlediği şiirlerin, Selçuk Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Kütüphanesi’nde kayıtlı bir defterden (nr. EI 2463) Müjgân Cumbur tarafından gerçekleştirilen çeviri yazılarıdır; esere şiirlerin şairleri hakkında kısa bilgiler de eklenmiştir (nşr. Turhan Yörükân, İstanbul 2011).Bunların dışında müellifin Peygamberimiz (İstanbul 1926), Din Dersleri: İman ve İbadet (İstanbul 1926), İslâm Dini (İstanbul 1927) ve Dinimiz (İstanbul 1929) adlı ders kitapları da vardır. Yörükân’ın ayrıca İlâhiyat Fakültesi’nde okuttuğu kelâm dersleri için hazırladığı notları bulunmaktadır (AÜ İlâhiyat Fakültesi Ktp., nr. 2847/2440; bu notların fotokopi nüshası için bk. İSAM Ktp., nr. 173396). Kerem Çavuşlu Yusuf Ziya’nın Şehristânî Adlı Makalelerinin Sadeleştirilmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi (1996, Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü) ve Murat Memiş Yusuf Ziya Yörükân’ın Kelâm Alanındaki Çalışmaları (1999, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü) adıyla yüksek lisans tezi hazırlamıştır.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
Mâtürîdî, Kitâbü’t-Tevhîd Tercümesi (trc. Bekir Topaloğlu), Ankara 2009, tercüme edenin girişi, s. XXXI-XXXIII.
Osman [Nuri] Ergin, Türkiye Maarif Tarihi , İstanbul 1977, V, 1963-1967.
Yusuf Ziya Yörükân, Anadolu’da Alevîler ve Tahtacılar (haz. Turhan Yörükân), Ankara 1998, hazırlayanın girişi, s. 3-40.
a.mlf., Ebû’l-Feth Şehristânî: “Milel ve Nihal” Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme ve Mezheplerin Tetkikinde Usûl (haz. Murat Memiş), Ankara 2002, hazırlayanın girişi, s. IX-XVII.
a.mlf., Müslüman Coğrafyacıların Gözüyle Ortaçağda Türkler (haz. Mehmet Şeker v.dğr.), İstanbul 2004, hazırlayanların girişi, s. 15-19.
a.mlf., İslâm Akaid Sisteminde Gelişmeler (haz. Turhan Yörükân), İstanbul 2006, Murat Memiş’in girişi, s. 17-27.
a.mlf., “Dinî İnkılâp ve İslâhat Hakkında”, İslâm-Türk Ansiklopedisi Mecmuası , II/73, İstanbul 1947, s. 9-10.
Hilmi Ziya Ülken, “Yusuf Ziya Yörükân (1887-1954)”, AÜİFD , III/1-2 (1954), s. 89-91.
Yaşar Kutluay, “Yusuf Ziya Yörükân’ın Makaleleri”, a.e. , III/1-2 (1954), s. 93-95.
Yavuz Köktaş, “Yusuf Ziya Yörükân ve İslâm Dini Tarihi Adlı Eserdeki Hadîs ve Sünnetle İlgili Düşünceleri”, Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi , IV/2 (2004), s. 75-93.
Metin Yurdagür, “Arapkirli Hüseyin Avni”, DİA , III, 330.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2013 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 43. cildinde, 568-570 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.