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SARIK Skip to content
1/2 Müellif: NEBİ BOZKURT Bölüme Git
Kavuk, külâh, takke ve fes gibi bir başlıkla üzerine sarılmış ince uzun tülbent, ağbani veya şaldan meydana gelir. Arapça’da daha çok imâme, Farsça’da…
2/2 Müellif: İSMAİL YALÇIN Bölüme Git
FIKIH. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de sarıkla ilgili bir ifade yer almamakla birlikte Bedir Gazvesi’nde müslümanlara 5000 meleğin yardım edeceği bildirilirken mele…
Kavuk, külâh, takke ve fes gibi bir başlıkla üzerine sarılmış ince uzun tülbent, ağbani veya şaldan meydana gelir. Arapça’da daha çok imâme, Farsça’da destâr denir. Başı aşırı sıcaklıktan koruma ve vücut ısısını muhafaza etme özelliği sebebiyle gündüzleri sıcak, geceleri soğuk olan karasal iklimin hüküm sürdüğü çöl ülkeleriyle Hindistan’da yaygındır. Sarığın Arapça’da pek çok adı bulunmakta, bunlar arasından daha ziyade imâme (Farsça ve Türkçe’de amâme) kelimesi kullanılmaktadır. Hz. Peygamber Mekke’nin fethi sırasında siyah sarık (imâme sevdâ) giymiştir (Müslim, “Ḥac”, 451, 452). Dolağı az olan imâmeye isâbe, etrafı kıymetli taşlarla süslü isâbe gibi şeylere iklîl denilir. Bir hadis rivayetinde Enes b. Mâlik, Resûl-i Ekrem’in duasıyla Medine civarına yağan yağmurun oluşturduğu manzarayı iklîle benzetir (Buhârî, “İstisḳāʾ”, 13). Resûlullah’ın mest ve hımâr üzerine meshettiğine dair rivayetteki (Müslim, “Ṭahâret”, 84; Taberânî, II, 129) hımâr kelimesi sarık diye açıklanmıştır (Nevevî, III, 174). Dolanma, sarılma özelliğinden dolayı sarığa mikver de denilmiş ve Kur’an’da gecenin gündüzü sarıp sarmalaması “kevr” kelimesiyle ifade edilmiştir. Özellikle Endülüs’te sarıklı memur ve fakihler için kullanılan “mükevvir” kelimesi “müteammim” ile aynı anlamdadır. Suriye, Mısır, Arap yarımadası ve İran’da şâş kelimesi de “sarık” mânasında kullanılmıştır; Kalkaşendî, Eyyûbîler döneminde kadıların ve ulemânın giydiği büyük sarıklardan “şâşât” ve serbest bıraktıkları ucundan (taylasan) “züâbe” adıyla söz eder (Ṣubḥu’l-aʿşâ, IV, 43-44). Batı dünyasında sarığa verilen türban adının Farsça tülbendden geldiği sanılmaktadır (İA, X, 227).
Sarığın kullanımı çok eskilere kadar gider. Vehb b. Münebbih’e göre sarığı ilk defa Zülkarneyn giymiştir (Süyûtî, V, 436). Tevrat’ta Hz. Hârûn için yapıldığı söylenen mukaddes esvabın bir unsuru da sarıktır (Çıkış, 28/2-4, 37, 39; 29/6; 39/28; Levililer, 8/9; 16/4). Daha sonra Beytülmakdis bekçilerinin de giymesi emredilen sarık (Hezekiel, 44/18) yahudi geleneğinde kutsal elbisenin bir parçası olarak devam eder (Zekarya, 3/5). Yavuz Sultan Selim’in Mısır’dan getirdiği mukaddes emanetler arasında zaman zaman giydiği, Hz. Yûsuf’a ait olduğu söylenen bir sarık da bulunmaktadır. Bâbilliler’in başlarına türban sardıklarından söz eden Herodot’un anlattığına göre Persler de sarık kullanır ve dinî törenlerde etrafına mersin yaprakları dizerlerdi. Anadolu’da gelişmiş eski medeniyetlerden kalan heykel ve tasvirler en az dört binyıldan bu yana hem erkek hem kadınların giyim kuşamında bazı sarık türü başlıkların yer aldığını göstermektedir (Türkoğlu, s. 19).
Sarık Araplar’da Câhiliye devrinden beri bilinen bir başlık çeşididir. Hz. Peygamber genellikle beyaz elbise giyer ve beyaz sarık kullanırdı; Medine’ye hicretinde sarığının beyaz olduğu rivayet edilir (Taberî, IV, 436). Abbâsî halifeleriyle aristokratlar ve onlara özenen orta sınıf, başlarına Bağdat’ın Rusâfiye semtinde imal edildiği için bu adla anılan siyah sarık takarlardı. Bağdat ekolü minyatürlerinde değişik sarık tiplerine rastlanır. Ulemâ sınıfı mensupları tepesi yuvarlak bir külâh üzerine kısa ve hafif bir sarık sararlardı; bunların arkasında veya bir yanında taylasanları bulunurdu. Daha sonra Abbâsî ordusunda memlük (gulâm) kökenli askerler tarafından kullanılan çift taylasanlı bir tür daha ortaya çıkmış ve çıktığı yere göre “Bağdâdiyye” adıyla anılmıştır. Bağdâdiyyelerin üzerine bazan “tarha” denilen simle işlenmiş siyah bir örtü atılır ve uçları yanlardan salınır yahut çene altından bağlanırdı. Fâtımî sarayında bu tarz sarık kullanan yüksek rütbeli görevlilere “muhannekûn” deniliyordu (Kalkaşendî, III, 551 vd.). Sarıklar altın işlemeli, yün veya pamukla karışık ipek, saf pamuk, saf yün ve ince keten kumaşlardan olabilmekteydi. Abbâsî halifeleri sohbet meclislerinde altınla işlenmiş ipekli sarık takarlardı. Devlet dairelerinde çalışanlar görev ve rütbelerine göre değişik tarzda sarık sararlardı. Kadıların sarıkları çok büyüktü. Nizâmiye Medresesi müderrisleri siyah cübbe ve sarık giyerdi (DİA, XXXIII, 189). Abbâsî halifelerinin gönderdikleri veya Selçuklu Sultanı Tuğrul Bey’e olduğu gibi Bağdat’ta giydirdikleri hilâfet şiârı hil‘atlerin yanında siyah sarık da vardı (Kalkaşendî, III, 293, 294). Abbâsîler devrinde Hz. Peygamber’in soyundan gelenler yeşil sarık giymeye başlamış, fakat yeşil sarık yaygınlaşınca istismarı önlemek için bundan vazgeçilmiştir. Belli dönemlerde zimmîlerin müslümanlarla aynı renkte ve tarzda sarık kullanmaları yasaklanmış, hıristiyanların mavi, yahudilerin sarı ve Sâmirîler’in kırmızı sarık giymesi emredilmiştir. Gayri müslimlerin önceleri 5, daha sonra 7 zirâdan (yaklaşık 3,5 m.) uzun sarık sarmaları yasaktı (a.g.e., XIII, 363, 383; Mayer, s. 119).
Osmanlılar’da sarığın yanı sıra destar adı da yaygın biçimde kullanılmıştır. Sarıkçılık yapanlara “destârî”, sarık takanlara “destârbendân” denilirdi. Sarıkların dağdağan, silme, burma, örfî, yûsufî, selîmî, düzkaş gibi çeşitleri vardı. Genellikle padişahlar beyaz kumaştan burma sarık, ulemâ örfî tabir edilen beyaz sarık, tarikat mensupları beyaz, kırmızı, siyah, yeşil ağbani sarık sarar, ulemâdan rütbeliler resmî günlerde taylasan bırakırlardı. Osmanlılar’ın giydiği en eski başlıklardan birini teşkil eden mücevveze 30 santimetreyi aşan silindirik mukavva üzerine beyaz tülbent sarılarak yapılırdı. Adını Yavuz Sultan Selim’den alan selîmî mücevvezeden daha yüksek (yaklaşık 60 cm.) ve tepesi düz bir sarık tipiydi. Yeniçeri Ocağı’nın ilgasına kadar padişahlar bazı küçük değişikliklerle bu başlığı tercih etmişlerdir. XVII. yüzyıldan sonra vezirler ve diğer devlet erkânı da bazı merasimlerde selîmî sarık giyerlerdi (Pakalın, III, 161). Hollandalı ressam Van Mour’un yaptığı resimler arasında ve J. Goodwin’in albümünde çok çeşitli sarık tipleri yer almakta, bunlardan özellikle kadı ve müftülerin giydikleri büyüklükleriyle dikkat çekmektedir (Eski Türk Kıyafetleri, lv. 6, 12, 20; On Sekizinci Yüzyılın Başında Osmanlı Kıyafetleri, lv. 20, 21). Tasavvuf ehlinin sarıkları da külâhın üzerindeki dilimlerin sayısına, sargının uzun veya kısa oluşuna, rengine ve sarılış biçimine göre farklı anlamlar taşımakta (Yahyâ Âgâh b. Sâlih el-İstanbulî, s. 32 vd.) ve tarikat adlarına göre Kādirî, Gülşenî, Rifâî gibi yahut bağlama özelliğine göre Cüneydî, Hüseynî, pâyeli, örfî gibi isimlerle anılmaktaydı.
Osmanlı sarayında muteber mansıplardan biri de sarıkçıbaşılıktı. Emri altında bulunan on beş kadar yamağı ile birlikte önceleri Revan Odası, sonraları Sarık Odası denilen yerde hizmet veren sarıkçıbaşının diğer bir adı tülbent ağası idi ve yamaklarına da sarıkçı yamağının yanı sıra tülbent gulâmı denirdi. Sarık ve pûşîdelerden eskiyenler hazine başkullukçusu ve kaftanî mârifetiyle yenilenirdi. Sarıklar altın kaplama şimşir sarıklıklar üzerinde dururdu (Uzunçarşılı, s. 326, 351, 352; Pakalın, III, 129). Sarıkçılık ve kavukçuluk II. Mahmud dönemine kadar önemini korumuştur. Lokmân b. Hüseyin, Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman devrinde İstanbul’da birçok sarıkçı dükkânı açıldığından, buralarda çeşitli tiplerde sarık ve bunlar için tülbent satıldığından söz eder (Kıyâfetü’l-insâniyye, vr. 51b ). Nakkaş Osman’ın 990 (1582) tarihli Surnâme-i Hümâyun’unda da bu esnafın geçit alayına katıldığı ve bazı sarık örnekleri sergilediği görülmektedir (TSMK, Hazine, nr. 1344, vr. 353a ).
Bazı dönemlerde sarığın büyüklüğü onu taşıyan kişinin makamının büyüklüğüne işaret sayılmış ve sanduka başlarına yerleştirilen, insanın taşıyamayacağı büyüklükteki sarıklarla bu anlam vurgulanmıştır. Ayrıca kişilerin hayattaki görev ve makamının göstergesi olarak mezar taşlarına sarıklar işlenmiştir. Toplumun her kesimi tarafından giyilmiş olmakla birlikte genellikle sarık ulemânın simgesi diye görülmüştür. Zaman zaman sarık sarmak erkekliğe geçişin göstergesi sayılmış ve ergenliğe ulaşan oğlan çocukları için salavatlar eşliğinde sarık sarma törenleri düzenlenmiştir.
Bugün de çeşitli İslâm ülkelerinde ve Hindistan alt kıtasında, geçen asırlarda olduğu kadar yaygın değilse de sarık kullanma geleneği devam etmektedir. Hindistan’da destar ve serpuşun yanında “pagli” ve “safa” gibi adlarla anılan sarık özellikle Sihler için eskiden beri büyük önem arzeden dinî bir zorunluluktur. Başka ülkelere göç eden ve resmî görevlerde çalışan Sihler de sarıklarını başlarından çıkarmazlar. Hindistan’da hüküm süren Bâbürlüler’in ve diğer müslüman hânedanların sarık kültürünün devamında ve çeşitlilik kazanmasında ayrı bir yeri bulunmaktadır. Saray nakkaşlarının yaptığı minyatürlerde hükümdarların özel dokunmuş çok değerli kumaşlardan sarık taktıkları ve bunların değerli taşlarla ve incilerle süslenmiş oldukları görülmektedir. Ulemâ, molla, şeyh ve dervişler genelde beyaz sarıkla resmedilmiştir (Okada, lv. 37, 42, 205, 207, 213, 222, 234). Kalkaşendî, Hint kıyafetlerinden söz ederken vüzerâ ve küttâbın 5-6 zirâ (yaklaşık 2,5-3 m.) uzunluğunda sarık sardıklarını ve önde hafif bir taylasan bıraktıklarını söyler (Ṣubḥu’l-aʿşâ, V, 89).
Sarık sadece erkeklere ait bir başlık değildir. Bazı Türk toplumlarında özellikle Kırgızlar’da kadınlar da “eleçek” denilen bir tür sarık giyerler. Evli kadınların sarığının yüksekliğine ve arka tarafındaki nakışlara bakılarak hangi boydan olduğu tesbit edilebilmektedir. Bazı bölgelerde çene altından bağlanan sarığın üstüne yine bölgesine, kadının yaşına ve zenginliğine göre ilâve süsler eklendiği görülmektedir (Klavdia – Aydarbek, bk. bibl.). Memlük (Mayer, s. 127, 128) ve Osmanlı (Gürtuna, s. 12, lv. 23, 85) kadın giysileri içinde de sarığa rastlanmaktadır.
Türkiye’de, 25 Kasım 1925 tarih ve 671 sayılı Şapka İktisâsı Hakkında Kanun ve 13 Aralık 1934 tarih ve 2596 sayılı Bazı Kisvelerin Giyilmeyeceğine Dair Kanun’la yasaklanmış olan sarık, yalnız cami imam-hatipleriyle müftü ve vâizlere görevlerini yaparken ve Diyanet İşleri başkanına sokakta da -cübbeyle birlikte- münhasır kılınmıştır.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA İbnü’l-Esîr, en-Nihâye, III, 482; Buhârî, “Libâs”, 14, “Menâḳıb”, 22, “Feżâʾilü’ṣ-ṣaḥâbe”, 41; Herodot, Tarih (trc. Perihan Kuturman), İstanbul 1973, s. 53, 69; Taberî, Târîḫ, Beyrut 1407/1987, IV, 436; Taberânî, el-Muʿcemü’l-evsaṭ (nşr. Târık b. Avazullah – Abdülmuhsin el-Hüseynî), Kahire 1415, II, 129; Nevevî, Şerḥu Müslim, III, 174; Kalkaşendî, Ṣubḥu’l-aʿşâ (Şemseddin), III, 293, 294, 551 vd.; IV, 4, 5, 43-44; V, 89; XIII, 363, 383; Süyûtî, ed-Dürrü’l-mens̱ûr, Beyrut 1403/1983, V, 436; Lokmân b. Hüseyin, Kıyâfetü’l-insâniyye fî şemâ’ili’l-Osmâniyye, İstanbul 1998, vr. 21a , 26b , 39a , 42a , 43a , 51b , 56b ; Yahyâ Âgâh b. Sâlih el-İstanbulî, Mecmûatü’z-Zarâif Sandûkatü’l-Maârif: Tarikat Kıyafetlerinde Sembolizm (haz. M. Serhan Tayşi – Ülker Aytekin), İstanbul 2002, s. 32 vd.; J. Goodwin, Eski Türk Kıyafetleri ve Güzel Giyim Tarzları: Picturesque Representations of the Dress and Manners of the Turks (trc. Muharrem Feyzi), İstanbul 1932-33, lv. 6, 12, 20; Uzunçarşılı, Saray Teşkilâtı, s. 326, 351, 352; L. A. Mayer, el-Melâbisü’l-Memlûkiyye (trc. Sâlih eş-Şîtî), Kahire 1972, s. 25-26, 29, 30, 31, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 89, 90, 93, 94, 98, 99, 116, 118, 119, 127, 128; Salâh Hüseyin el-Ubeydî, el-Melâbisü’l-ʿArabiyyetü’l-İslâmiyye fi’l-ʿaṣri’l-ʿAbbâsî, Bağdad 1980, s. 97, 98, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 130; On Sekizinci Yüzyılın Başında Osmanlı Kıyafetleri (trc. Cenap Yazansoy), İstanbul 1980, s. 15, lv. 14, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 33, 34, 36, 37, 40, 42, 51, 56, 57, 58; S. N. Dar, Costumes of India and Pakistan, Bombay 1982, s. 20, 22, 44, 47, 51, 76, 97, 98, lv. V, VI, X, XI, XX, XXXII; Muhammed Abdülhakîm el-Kādî, el-Libâs ve’z-zîne mine’s-sünneti’l-muṭahhara, Kahire 1409/1989, s. 124 vd.; Amina Okada, Imperial Mughal Painters (trc. D. Dusinberre), Paris 1992, s. 36, 37, 42, 176, 177, lv. 37, 42, 205, 207, 213, 222, 234; 1873 Yılında Türkiye’de Halk Giysileri: Elbise-i Osmaniyye (trc. Erol Üyepazarcı), İstanbul 1999, 1. bl., lv. 2, 3, 23; 2. bl., lv. 4; 3. bl., lv. 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 21, 28, 29, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41; Sevgi Gürtuna, Osmanlı Kadın Giysisi, Ankara 1999, s. 12, 98, lv. 23, 85; Sabahattin Türkoğlu, Tarih Boyunca Anadolu’da Giyim Kuşam, İstanbul 2002, s. 19, 90, 102, 119, 137, 142, 144, 147, 156, 158, 159; Antipina Klavdia – Köçkünov Aydarbek, Kırgızların Millî Giysileri, Ankara 2004, s. 12, 13, lv. 1, 13, 16, 23, 27, 34, 37, 47, 76, 87-91; Muhittin Uysal, Peygamber Günlerinde Giyim Kuşam ve Süslenme, Konya 2004, s. 102 vd., 155 vd.; Pakalın, I, 432; II, 152, 476; III, 60, 129, 161; W. Björkman, “Sarık”, İA, X, 221 vd.; Nebi Bozkurt, “Kavuk”, DİA, XXV, 71, 72; a.mlf., “Mukaddes Emanetler”, a.e., XXXI, 108-111; Abdülkerim Özaydın, “Nizâmiye Medresesi”, a.e., XXXIII, 189.
Maddenin bu bölümü TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2009 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 36. cildinde, 152-154 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.
FIKIH. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de sarıkla ilgili bir ifade yer almamakla birlikte Bedir Gazvesi’nde müslümanlara 5000 meleğin yardım edeceği bildirilirken meleklerin sıfatı olarak geçen “müsevvim” (belli alâmet konmuş, nişanlı) kelimesinin (Âl-i İmrân 3/125) “sarıklı” anlamında kullanıldığına dair rivayetler bulunmaktadır (Taberî, IV, 83; Süyûtî, ed-Dürrü’l-mens̱ûr, II, 309-310). Hadis kaynaklarında ise doğrudan ve dolaylı biçimde sarıktan söz eden birçok rivayet yer almaktadır. Meselâ yer sıcak olduğunda sarık üzerine secde edilebilmesi, ihramlı iken sarık giyilmemesi, abdestte sarık üzerine meshedilmesi bağlamında sarık kelimesi kullanıldığı gibi Hz. Peygamber’in bir defasında minberde hutbe irat ederken siyah sarığının ucunu omuzları arasına sarkıttığı, Mekke fethi günü başında siyah sarık bulunduğu ve Dûmetülcendel’e yapılan bir seferde Abdurrahman b. Avf’ın başına kendi elleriyle sarık sarıp ucunu sarkıttığı rivayet edilmektedir (Buhârî, “Ṣalât”, 23, “Ḥac”, 21; Müslim, “Ṭahâret”, 81-83, “Ḥac”, 451, 453; Ebû Dâvûd, “Libâs”, 25). “Bizimle müşrikler arasındaki fark başlıklar üzerindeki sarıklardır” anlamındaki rivayet ise (Tirmizî, “Libâs”, 41) hadis âlimlerince zayıf görülmektedir (Tirmizî, a.y.; Mübârekfûrî, V, 393, 394). İkinci derecede hadis kaynaklarında yer alan Cebrâil’in sarıklı olarak vahiy getirdiği, sarıkla kılınan namazın sarıksız kılınandan yetmiş kat daha faziletli sayıldığı, sarık sarmanın kişinin sabrını arttıracağı, sarığın meleklerin siması ve peygamberlerin sünneti olduğu yolundaki rivayetlerin hemen hepsi hakkında zayıf, metrûk veya mevzû gibi değerlendirmeler yer almıştır (Heysemî, V, 120; Mübârekfûrî, V, 411-414).
Resûl-i Ekrem’in ve sahâbenin sarık sardığı bilinmekle beraber sarığın dinî hükmü ve sarıkla namaz kılmanın fazileti konusunda üç farklı yaklaşım bulunmaktadır. Bir kısmının zayıf veya uydurma kabul edildiği yönünde görüşler olsa da rivayetlerin birbirini desteklemesinden ve müslümanların bu yöndeki uygulamasından hareket eden görüşe göre namazda ve namaz dışında sarık sarmak sünnet olup tarih boyunca müslümanların belirgin simgelerinden sayılmıştır. İkinci yaklaşıma göre, Hz. Peygamber’in günlük hayatında sarık sarması geleneğe uymasıyla ilgili bulunsa da sarıklı iken namaz kılmanın faziletini belirten rivayetler namazda sarık sarmanın dinen teşvik edildiğini yani sünnet olduğunu göstermektedir. Üçüncü yaklaşım ise sarığı örf, âdet ve iklim şartlarından ortaya çıkmış bir kıyafet şekli olarak görür; bunun İslâm öncesinde de kullanıldığını ve sarık sarmayı teşvik eden hadislerin zayıflığını göz önünde bulundurarak namazda veya namaz dışında sarık takmaya dinî bir değer yüklemenin bir esasa dayanmadığını kabul eder.
İslâm’ın geniş alanlara yayılması ve çevresindeki medeniyetlerle yakın teması sonucunda kılık kıyafette ve bu arada başlık kullanımında değişmeler görülmüş, ancak Ortadoğu toplumlarında sarık yaygın bir başlık olarak varlığını korumuştur. Bu konuda dikkat çekici gelişmelerden biri sarığın toplumsal statü belirten özelliğine göre şekil farklılıklarının ortaya çıkması, bir diğeri de sarığa dinî ve millî bir anlam yüklendiği için gayri müslimlerin sarıklarına zaman zaman renk veya biçim yönünden müdahale eden düzenlemelerin yapılmasıdır (Shoshan, XXII [1988], s. 45; EIr., I, 920; ayrıca bk. GIYÂR; GAYRİ MÜSLİM).
BİBLİYOGRAFYA Wensinck, el-Muʿcem, “imâme” md.; Taberî, Câmiʿu’l-beyân, IV, 83; Ebü’l-Ferec İbnü’l-Cevzî, el-Mevżûʿât (nşr. Abdurrahman M. Osman), [baskı yeri yok] 1403/1983 (Dârü’l-fikr), s. 45; Heysemî, Mecmaʿu’z-zevâʾid, V, 119-120; İbn Hacer el-Askalânî, Lisânü’l-Mîzân (nşr. M. Abdurrahman el-Mar‘aşlî), Beyrut 1416/1996, III, 224; Süyûtî, el-Leʾâli’l-maṣnûʿa fi’l-eḥâdîs̱i’l-mevżûʿa, Kahire, ts. (el-Mektebetü’t-ticâriyyetü’l-kübrâ), II, 260; a.mlf., el-Ḥâvî li’l-fetâvî, Beyrut, ts. (Dârü’l-kitâbi’l-Arabî), I, 102; a.mlf., ed-Dürrü’l-mens̱ûr, Beyrut 1993, II, 309-310; İbn Hacer el-Heytemî, el-Fetâva’l-kübra’l-fıḳhiyye, Kahire 1357/1938, I, 170; Mübârekfûrî, Tuḥfetü’l-aḥveẕî, Kahire 1384/1964, V, 393, 394, 410-415; Ali Mazaherî, Ortaçağda Müslümanların Yaşayışları (trc. Bahriye Üçok), İstanbul 1972, s. 84-85; M. Abdülazîz Amr, el-Libâs ve’z-zîne fi’ş-şerîʿati’l-İslâmiyye, Beyrut 1405/1985, s. 259-262; İslâm’da Kılık Kıyafet ve Örtünme (nşr. İslâmî İlimler Araştırma Vakfı), İstanbul 1991, s. 163-168; Muhittin Uysal, Peygamber Günlerinde Giyim Kuşam ve Süslenme, İstanbul 2004, s. 102; B. Shoshan, “On Costume and Social History in Medieval Islam”, AAS, XXII (1988), s. 35-51; Habîb Ziyâd, “el-İmâme fi’l-İslâm”, el-Meşriḳ, XLIII/1, Beyrut 1949, s. 217; W. Björkman, “Sarık”, İA, X, 221-233; Y. K. Stillman, “Libās”, EI2 (İng.), V, 732; H. Algar, “ʿAmāma”, EIr., I, 919-921.
Maddenin bu bölümü TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2009 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 36. cildinde, 154 numaralı sayfada yer almıştır.