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İPŞİR MUSTAFA PAŞA Skip to content (ö. 1065/1655)
Osmanlı sadrazamı.
Abaza asıllı olup dayısı âsi Abaza Paşa’nın yanında yetiştiği söylenebilir. Nitekim II. Osman’ın kanını dava ederek Erzurum’da ayaklanan Abaza Paşa’nın maiyetinde İpşir Mustafa da vardı. Onun 1629 yılında Bosna valiliğine getirilmesi üzerine İpşir Mustafa da Bosna’ya gitti. Abaza’nın buradan azlinden sonra yine onun maiyetinde Budin, Silistre, Özü ve Hotin yöresinde, Kamaniçe ve Turla nehri boylarında bulundu. 1043 Rebîülevvelinden (Eylül 1633) itibaren Lehistan’a yapılan akınlara katıldı. Abaza Paşa’nın katlinin (1044/1634) ardından Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Paşa’ya intisap etti ve onun vasıtasıyla saraya girdi. IV. Murad’ın Revan seferinde mîrâhur olarak bulundu. Bağdat seferinden döndükten sonra büyük mîrâhurluğa yükseldi (1049/1639). Nisan 1639’da vezâretle Budin valiliğine tayin edildi. Arkasından Silistre, Maraş, Musul, Van, Karaman, Tımışvar beylerbeyiliklerine getirildi. 1647’de Sivas Valisi Varvar Ali Paşa’nın ve Hamîd-ili dolaylarında eşkıyalığa başlayan Haydaroğlu Mehmed’in üzerine sevkedilen kuvvetlerin başına Sivas valisi olarak serasker tayin edildi. Önce Haydaroğlu taraftarlarını dağıtan Mustafa Paşa, daha sonra Varvar Ali Paşa üzerine yürüyerek 26 Rebîülâhir 1058 (20 Mayıs 1648) onu öldürttü ve başını İstanbul’a gönderdi. Bu arada Ali Paşa tarafından hapsedilen Karaman Beylerbeyi Köprülü Mehmed Paşa ve bazı vezirler hapisten kurtuldu. Ertesi yıl Gürcü Nebî isyanını bastırmak ve Nogay Paşa oğlu Aslan Paşa’yı ortadan kaldırmakla görevlendirildi. Aynı yılın sonlarında Şam eyaletine gönderildi. Burada Sayda ve Beyrut mukātaası meselesinden dolayı Dürzî reisleri arasında çıkan anlaşmazlıkların halline çalıştı. Ancak Şam halkının destek vermemesi yüzünden Dürzî şeyhlerine yenildi ve yaralandı.
1650 yılı sonlarında Halep valiliğine getirilen İpşir Mustafa Paşa çok geçmeden tekrar Sivas valiliğine tayin edildi. Âsi Abaza Hasan’ı yakalamakla görevlendirildiyse de onunla ırkî yakınlığı düşünülerek bu görevden alındı ve Bağdat’a gönderilmek istendi. Bu sırada Katırcıoğlu Mehmed Paşa’nın Abaza Hasan üzerine serdar yapılmasına kızan İpşir Paşa, Abaza Hasan tarafına geçerek âsi oldu. Onunla birlikte Ankara ve Eskişehir’e girdi, her iki yerin ileri gelenlerini öldürttü, etrafa mütesellimler, hatta tuğralı emirler gönderdi. Anadolu’da kendisine karşı koyacak güç bulunmadığı için herkes emirlerine itaat etmek zorunda kalıyordu. Nihayet İpşir Paşa’ya Halep valiliği, Abaza Hasan’a da Türkmen ağalığı verilerek mesele halledildi. Halep’te büyük bir törenle karşılanan İpşir Mustafa Paşa birbirine düşman olan yeniçeri ve sipahi taifesini barıştırdı. Bu arada bir nizamnâme hazırlattı. Buna göre hiçbir makam ehil olmayana verilmeyecek, rüşvet ve câize kaldırılacak, beylerbeyi, bey ve kadılar üç yıl hizmetten önce azledilmeyecek, sikke tashihiyle din ve devlet işleri şer‘ ve kanuna uygun olarak icra edilecekti. Yapılan toplantıda yeniçerilerle sipahilere nizamnâme şartlarına uyacaklarına dair yemin ettirildi. Daha sonra Bağdat, Diyarbekir, Erzurum, Sivas, Karaman ve Anadolu’daki diğer beylerbeyilere mektuplar gönderilerek “ıslâh-ı âlem” için 1652 baharında Maraş çayında toplanmaları çağrısında bulunuldu.
Fakat İpşir Mustafa Paşa, kısa süre sonra Halep’te keyfî şekilde hareket etmeye ve maiyeti halka zarar vermeye başladı. Tarhuncu Ahmed Paşa’nın sadrazamlığı zamanında kendisine kapı halkının bir kısmını dağıtması bildirildiyse de evvelce âsi Abaza Hasan ile birlikte hareket etmiş olduğundan öldürüleceği korkusuyla buna yanaşmadı. Ayrıca yanındaki idama mahkûm kişiler onu sürekli İstanbul’daki devlet erkânı aleyhine kışkırtıyorlardı. Bu sebeple yakın dostu Sadrazam Derviş Mehmed Paşa’nın İstanbul’a davetini ve padişaha bağlılığını bildirmesi isteğini reddetmişti. Ancak bir süre sonra Derviş Paşa’nın felç olması üzerine sadâret mührü İpşir Mustafa Paşa’ya gönderildi (16 Zilhicce 1064 / 28 Ekim 1654). Bu göreve getirilmesinde Ayşe Sultan’ın başağası Mercan Ağa ile Dârüssaâde Ağası Bayram Ağa’nın ve Şeyhülislâm Ebûsaid Mehmed Efendi’nin büyük rolü olmuştu. Böylece çıkması muhtemel büyük bir Celâlî gailesinin önlenmesi arzu edilmişti.
İpşir Mustafa Paşa sadâret mührünü aldıktan sonra etrafına karşı daha da sertleşti; vezîriâzamlığın kendisine verilmesini yakalanması için bir tuzak zannederek Halep, Şam ve Anadolu’daki karışıklıkları düzeltme bahanesiyle İstanbul’a gitmeyeceğini bildirdi. Onun tutumu, merkezde kendisinin bu makama getirilmesinde ön ayak olanları endişeye sürüklüyor, onlardan devamlı davet mektupları geliyordu. Nihayet Türkmen Ağası Abaza Hasan ile birlikte 1654 Aralık başlarında Halep’ten ayrıldı. Yol boyunca Anadolu vilâyetlerinin defterdarlarına haberler göndererek daha önce satılmış olmasına rağmen bütün Anadolu mukātaalarının tekrar kendi adamlarına satıldığını bildirdi. Antalya, Adana, Karaman ve Konya güzergâhını takip eden İpşir Paşa, buralarda hakkında şikâyet bulunan vezirleri cezalandırdı, halkın beğenmediği kadıları ise yanında bulunan mâzul kadılarla değiştirdi. İstanbul’a yaklaştıkça ondan çekinenler ve menfaatlerine zarar geleceğini düşünenler sadâretten azli yolunda çaba sarfettilerse de Kaptanıderyâ Kara Murad Paşa’nın müdahalesiyle yerinde bırakıldı.
İstanbul’da kendisine taraftar olanlarla muhalifleri arasında şiddetli mücadeleler olduğunu bilen İpşir Paşa daha ileri gitmeyerek İzmit’te kaldı. Sonunda güvendiği kişilerden Reyhan Ağa’nın kendisini ikna etmesi üzerine hayatı hususunda garanti aldı ve Üsküdar’a gelerek nikâhlısı Ayşe Sultan’ın buradaki sarayına yerleşti (18 Rebîülâhir 1065 / 25 Şubat 1655). Ardından İstanbul’a geçip resmen görevine başlayan Mustafa Paşa önce azil, nasp ve müsâdere işleriyle meşgul oldu. Zamanla sertleşen İpşir Paşa, muhaliflerini katl veya sürgün yoluyla bertaraf etmeye başladı. Bu arada İstanbul’a beraberinde getirdiği sarıca ve sekban zümresinden ve taşrada bazı yerlere tayin ettiği adamlarından sürekli şikâyet ediliyordu. Nihayet İpşir Mustafa Paşa’nın, önceleri kendisine taraftar iken sadrazamlığından sonra umduklarını bulamayan sipahilerle arası açıldı. Sipahiler İpşir Paşa’yı padişaha ve şeyhülislâma şikâyet ettilerse de bir sonuç elde edemediler, bunun üzerine yeniçerilerle birleşmeye karar verdiler. Diğer taraftan İpşir Paşa’nın, kendisine rakip gördüğü tek seveni Kaptanıderyâ Kara Murad Paşa’ya cephe alması onunla da arasının açılmasına sebep oldu. İcraatında çok sert ve kırıcı oluşu yüzünden Abaza Hasan ve Kürt Mehmed gibi yakınlarının da kendisinden yüz çevirmesi üzerine yalnız kaldı. Sonunda Kürt Mehmed Ağa, sipahi zümresiyle anlaşarak Murad Paşa’yı sadârete getirmeye karar verdi. Yeniçeri ve sipahi ileri gelenleri birleştiler. 8 Mayıs 1655’te Murad Paşa ve Kürt Mehmed’in tahrikiyle harekete geçen âsiler, IV. Mehmed’e haber göndererek İpşir Paşa ile kethüdâsının ve şeyhülislâmın kendilerine teslimini istediler. Ardından sadâret sarayına yürüdüler. İpşir Paşa Topkapı Sarayı’na sığındı. Bu arada kendi sarayındaki bütün eşyası yağmalandı. Aynı şekilde ertesi gün Ebûsaid Mehmed Efendi’nin konağı talan edildi. Sarayda yapılan toplantıda devlet ricâlinden hiç kimsenin vezîriâzam lehinde bir şey söylememesi üzerine Mustafa Paşa mührü çıkarıp padişaha teslim etti. Yerine Murad Paşa getirildi. Bir süre mahpus tutulan İpşir Mustafa Paşa âsilerin dağılmaması üzerine idam edildi (5 Receb 1065 / 11 Mayıs 1655). Cesedi Çarşıkapı’daki Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Paşa Türbesi dışında defnedildi. Günümüzde burası istimlâk edilerek yol yapılmıştır.
Devrin kaynaklarında saf, ümmî, leventmeşrep, az konuşan, tasavvufa meyilli, cimri, zalim, cirit ve mızrak kullanmada usta bir kişi olarak belirtilen, vezîriâzam olduktan dört ay sonra İstanbul’a gelen ve burada ancak iki ay on altı gün görev yapabilen İpşir Mustafa Paşa’nın Halep’te Zimmîler mahallesinde camisi, hanı ve dükkânları bulunmaktadır.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
TSMA, nr. E. 3375, 4486, 4489, 4947a-b , 7662, 12199a-b .
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Evliya Çelebi, Seyahatnâme , I, 279-282; III, 117, 267, 280-281, 492-495; IV, 297-298.
Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, Vekāyi‘nâme , TTK Ktp., nr. 44, s. 34, 40, 64, 73-79.
Naîmâ, Târih , II, 300, 443; III, 187 vd.; IV, 4, 70, 107, 221, 239-241, 267-270, 370, 411; V, 3-4, 39 vd., 88-92, 105, 157 vd., 188 vd., 309-312, 432 vd.; VI, 4 vd.
Silâhdar, Târih , I, 4-11.
Mustafa, Risâle-i Kürd Hatîb , TSMK, Emanet Hazinesi, nr. 1400, vr. 5a vd.
Hadîkatü’l-vüzerâ , s. 101.
Târîh-i Nihâdî , TSMK, Bağdat Köşkü, nr. 219, vr. 161a , 164a , 167b .
Ayvansarâyî, Hadîkatü’l-cevâmi‘ , I, 182, 275.
M. J. M. Jouannin – M. J. von Gaver, Turquie , Paris 1840, s. 260.
Hammer (Atâ Bey) , X, 92 vd.
Atâ Bey, Târih , II, 65 vd.
Mehmed Şem‘î, İlâveli Esmârü’t-tevârih , İstanbul 1295, s. 183.
Sicill-i Osmânî , I, 166.
Eremya Çelebi Kömürciyan, Ruznâme , Kudüs 1939, s. 58, 61-64, 70-73.
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a.mlf., “Ips̲h̲ir Mustafa Pas̲h̲a”, EI2 (İng.) , III, 1248.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2000 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 22. cildinde, 375-376 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.