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KĀDÎ HÜSEYİN AHMED Skip to content (1938-2013)
Pakistan’da Cemâat-i İslâmî’nin üçüncü emîri.
Resmî kayıtlarda, Pakistan’ın Kuzeybatı Sınır Eyaleti’nin (North West Frontier Province [NWFP] / Kyber Pakhtunkhwa) Nevşehre (Nowshera) ilçesine bağlı Ziyâret-i Kâkâ Sâhib (Ziarat Kaka Sahib) köyünde 17 Ocak 1940 tarihinde doğduğu belirtilirse de gerçek doğum yılı 1938’dir. Diyûbendî ekolüne bağlı olan ve bir müddet Cem‘iyyet-i Ulemâ-yi Hind’in Kuzeybatı Sınır Eyaleti başkanlığında bulunan babası Kādî Muhammed Abdürrab bir din âlimiydi. Soylarının baba tarafından Selçuklu Türkleri’ne dayandığı kaydedilir. Türkiye’ye ve Türkler’e karşı duyduğu sevgide bu bağın etkisi olsa gerektir. On kardeşin en küçüğü olan Hüseyin Ahmed ilk eğitimini babasından aldı, bu sırada başlayan Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’e ilgisi hayatı boyunca devam etti. Lisans öğrenimini Peşâver’deki Islamia College’da tamamladı; Peşâver Üniversitesi’nde coğrafya alanında yüksek lisans öğrenimi gördü. Mezuniyetini müteakip Sivât bölgesinde Seyyidüşerif’teki Cihânzîb Koleji’nde üç yıl hocalık yaptı. Ardından ticarete yöneldi; Kuzeybatı Sınır Eyaleti Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası başkan yardımcılığına getirildi. Bu arada siyasetle de ilgilenmeye ve İslâm dünyasının problemlerini izlemeye başladı. Kardeşleri Cemâat-i İslâmî’ye bağlı İslâmî Cem‘iyyet-i Talebe’de görev almıştı. Kendisi de bir süre bu cemiyete katıldı, böylece Cemâat-i İslâmî’yi ve faaliyetlerini yakından tanıma imkânı buldu. Erken yaşlarından itibaren Mevdûdî’nin eserlerini okumaya başladı ve bu konuda uzman olarak tanındı (Hurşîd Ahmed, s. 3-19).
1970’te Cemâat-i İslâmî’ye üye oldu, ertesi yıl da bu kuruluşun Peşâver bölgesi başkanlığına seçildi, zamanla Kuzeybatı Sınır Eyaleti’nin sorumluluğunu üstlendi. 1977’de Tahrîk-i Nizâm-ı Mustafa adı altında yürütülen dinî-siyasî faaliyetler dolayısıyla bir süre ev hapsinde tutuldu. 1978’de Cemâat-i İslâmî’nin genel sekreterliğine getirildi. Miyân Tufeyl Muhammed’in vefatı üzerine 6 Kasım 1987 tarihinde yapılan seçim neticesinde Cemâat-i İslâmî’nin üçüncü emîri oldu (Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr, s. 50). Diğer adaylardan Hurşîd Ahmed bu seçimde Kādî Hüseyin Ahmed’in kazanmasını temenni ettiğini ve seçim sonucunda şükür secdesi yaptığını ifade eder (Mâhnâme , s. 3-19). Kādî Hüseyin Ahmed 30 Ekim 1992’de yeniden emîr seçildi. Pakistan Islamic Front (PIF) adlı siyasal oluşum adına diğer partilerle 1993’te seçim ittifakı yaparak girdiği genel seçimlerde başarısız olunca Cemâat-i İslâmî’nin başkanlığından da istifa etti, ancak parti kurulları kendisini tekrar aday gösterdi ve 8 Nisan 1994’te yeniden emîr seçildi. 2 Nisan 1999 ve 20 Nisan 2004 tarihlerindeki emirlik seçimlerini de kazandı. Böylece üst üste beş defa emîr oldu, bu görevini 29 Mart 2009 tarihine kadar yirmi iki yıl devam ettirdi. Son seçimde adaylığını koymadı ve ölümüne kadar ilgisini sürdüreceği İdâre-i Fikr ü Amel adlı düşünce kuruluşundaki çalışmalarına ağırlık verdi. Bu arada siyasî faaliyetlerini de sürdürdü. 2012’de Vahdet-i Ümmet adıyla uluslararası bir toplantı düzenledi. Urduca ve Peştuca yanında Arapça, Farsça ve İngilizce de bilen Kādî Hüseyin Ahmed 6 Ocak 2013 tarihinde İslâmâbad’da vefat etti ve Ziyâret-i Kâkâ Sâhib köyünde defnedildi.
İslâmî tebliği ve davet işini üstlenen Cemâat-i İslâmî’yi emirliği döneminde tamamen siyaset alanına taşıyan Kādî Hüseyin, Sovyetler Birliği’nin Afganistan’ı işgal etmesi üzerine başlatılan cihad hareketinde ve Keşmir mücahidlerinin bağımsızlık savaşında etkin bir rol üstlenmiş, Keşmir’in bağımsızlığına destek sağlamak amacıyla birçok ülkeyi dolaşmış, bunların dokuzuna Hurşîd Ahmed de katılmıştır (a.g.e. , s. 3-19). Kādî Hüseyin’e göre Sovyetler Birliği’nin asıl amacı Afganistan’dan sonra Pakistan’ı da işgal ederek sıcak sulara inmektir. Bu sebeple Afganistan’ı savunmak Pakistanlılar’ın da göreviydi. Kendisi Patan (Peştun) olsa da bütün gruplarla sağlam ilişkiler kurmuştu. Nitekim Cemâat-i İslâmî’nin Peşâver bölgesi sorumluluğunu üstlendikten sonra Afganistan’a giderek görüşmeler yapmıştı (a.g.e. , s. 3-19). O, Afganistan’ın hâkim etnik halkı olan Patanlar’ın Patan olmayanlarla kardeşlik ilişkileri içerisinde bir yapı oluşturmasını savunuyordu (geniş bilgi için bk. Riaz Mohammad Khan, tür.yer.). Afganistan’da Rus işgalinin ardından ortaya çıkan yeni durumu Keşmir’in bağımsızlığı için de bir fırsat olarak değerlendirmiş ve Keşmir bölgesinde Cemâat-i İslâmî ile bağlantısı bulunan Hizbü’l-mücâhidîn adlı silâhlı gruba zaman zaman destek vermiştir (Ahmed – Balasubramanian, s. 87). Farklı gruplar arasındaki ihtilâfları bertaraf edip bu grupların birlikte hareket etmelerini sağlamaya çalışmıştır.
Pakistan’da dinî cemaatler ve partiler seçimlerde halktan fazla rağbet görmediğinden Kādî Hüseyin Ahmed, halkın teveccühünü kazanmak amacıyla diğer dinî gruplar ve partilerle iş birliği ve seçim ittifakı yapmış, bu yolda belli bir başarı da elde etmiştir. Öte yandan kendisi Pakistan’ı mezhep kavgaları dışında tutmak istiyordu. 1995’te özellikle Sünnî-Şiî ihtilâfını sona erdirmek için Millî Birlik Konseyi (Millî Yekcihetî Konsül) adıyla bir yapı oluşturulmasına öncülük etmiş, 2012’de bu yapı yeni bir düzenleme ile güçlendirilmiştir. Kādî Hüseyin Ahmed 1985-1992 ve 1992-1996 yılları arasında iki dönem Pakistan Senatosu’na üye seçilmiş, ancak ikinci dönemde hükümeti protesto etmek için süresi dolmadan istifa etmiştir. 2002 seçimlerinde de Müttehide Meclis-i Amel listesinden Pakistan Millet Meclisi’ne girmiş, bir dönem Müttehide Meclis-i Amel grup başkanı sıfatıyla görev yapmış, 2002-2008 yıllarında Müttehide Meclis-i Amel’in başkanlığına getirilmiştir.
Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasından sonra Keşmir’in bağımsızlığıyla ilgili bir konuşma yapan Kādî Hüseyin, Keşmir’den başlayarak Pakistan, Afganistan, İran ve Orta Asya Türk cumhuriyetlerini de içine alan büyük bir İslâm hilâfeti teşkil edilebileceğini söylemiştir (Warikoo, s. 11). Bu arada Sudan’da Hasan Türâbî ile General Ömer el-Beşîr arasındaki ihtilâfların giderilmesinde aracılık yapmış, aynı şekilde Irak-Küveyt, Filistin, Bosna, Kosova, Eritre, Çeçenistan ve Burma’daki problemlerin çözümü için çaba harcamış, 2009 yılında Filistin halkını ve Gazzeliler’i desteklemek amacıyla İsrail aleyhinde büyük bir miting düzenlemiştir. Onun cihad ve savaş konusundaki söylemleri sert ve kışkırtıcı olsa da (Ahmed – Balasubramanian, s. 84) ülke içinde kargaşaya yol açacak hiçbir girişimde bulunmamış, sorunların demokratik yollarla çözülmesi yolunda çaba göstermiş, Hem Keysâ Pâkistân Benâʾengey adlı kitabının “Kanlı Bir Devrim mi İslâmî Bir Devrim mi?” başlıklı bölümünde bu konuya temas ederek barış yolunu yeğlediğini ifade etmiştir (s. 31-33). Ancak kendisi Hindistan ve Batı basınında farklı bir karakterde gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. 2003’te yakalanan bir el-Kāide mensubu dolayısıyla Cemâat-i İslâmî’nin bu yapıyla bağlantısı bulunduğu iddialarına karşı el-Kāide ve Üsâme b. Lâdin’in bir Amerika-İsrail projesi olduğunu söylemiştir. Üsâme b. Lâdin’in şöhret kazanmadan önce kendisini birkaç defa ziyaret etmesi onu daha yakından tanımasını sağlamıştır (Ahmed – Balasubramanian, s. 90-91, 124).
Aynı zamanda iyi bir hatip olan Kādî Hüseyin Ahmed konuşmalarında Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’den âyetler okur, Muhammed İkbal’in şiirlerinden de faydalanırdı. Ona göre İkbal insanları ümitsizlikler karşısında direnç göstermeye ve daima ileriye bakmaya teşvik eden bir şairdi. Kendisini tanıtırken, “Benim kişiliğimi İkbal’in çaresizlikler karşısındaki umut mesajı ile Mevlânâ Mevdûdî’nin vizyonu ve mücadelesi oluşturdu” demiştir (Kavmî Dacist [Qaumi Digest] , Kādî Hüseyin Ahmed özel sayısı, Lahor Şubat 2013). Kādî Hüseyin, vefatının birinci yıl dönümünde İslâmâbâd’da siyaset ve devlet adamlarının, sivil toplum kuruluşu temsilcilerinin katıldığı bir anma programıyla anılmış, 7 Ocak 2015 tarihinde Lahor’da “Kavmî Seminar Be-Yâd-ı Kādî Hüseyin Ahmed” adıyla bir sempozyum düzenlenmiştir. Ayrıca onun yazılarını içeren Meḍâmîn-i Ḳāḍî Ḥüseyn Aḥmed başlıklı bir kitabı yayımlanmıştır (Lahor 2006). Hayat hikâyesini, siyasal ve toplumsal düşüncelerini, başkalarının onun hakkındaki görüşlerini içeren ve İdâre-i Fikr ü Amel tarafından yayımlanan ʿAzîz-i Cihân Ḳāḍî Ḥüseyn Aḥmed adlı kitabı (İslâmâbâd 2014) 22 Mayıs 2014 tarihinde İslâmâbâd’da geniş katılımlı bir toplantıda tanıtılmıştır. Kızı Semîa Râhil Kādî’nin Sefer-i İnḳılâb (Lahor 2007) ve Ḳāḍî Ḥüseyn Aḥmed key Devr-i İmâret key Seng-i Mîl (Lahor 2007) adlı iki çalışması bulunmaktadır. Bunların dışında Pakistan’ın önemli dergi ve gazetelerinde onunla ilgili özel sayılar çıkarılmıştır.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA :
Kādî Hüseyin Ahmed, Hem Keysâ Pâkistân Benâʾengey , Lahor, ts. (İdâre-i Tercümânü’l-Kur’ân), s. 31-33; Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr, The Vanguard of Islamic Revelation: The Jama‘at-i Islami of Pakistan , Berkeley 1994, s. 50; Mumtaz Ahmad, “Islamic Fundamentalism in South Asia: The Jamaat-i-Islami and the Tablighi Jamaat of South Asia”, Fundamentalisms Observed (ed. M. E. Marty – R. Scott Appleby), Chicago 1991, s. 484-485; Kâmrân Racpût, Ḳāḍî Ḥüseyn Aḥmed ki Dînî aôr Siyâsî Ḫidmât , Lahor 2005; Zahid Shahab Ahmed – Rajeshwari Balasubramanian, Extremism in Pakistan and India: The Case of the Jamaat-e-Islami and Shiv Sena , Colombo 2010, s. 84, 87, 90-91, 124; Riaz Mohammad Khan, Afghanistan and Pakistan: Conflict, Extremism and Resistance to Modernity , Karachi 2011, tür.yer.; K. Warikoo, “Religious Extremism and Terrorism in Pakistan and Its Implications”, Himalayan and Central Asian Studies , XV/3, New Delhi 2011, s. 11; Hurşîd Ahmed, “Muḥterem Ḳāḍî Ḥüseyn Aḥmed”, Mâhnâme ʿÂlemî Tercümânü’l-Ḳurʾân , Şubat, Lahore 2013, s. 3-19; Khaled Ahmed, “Saint Qazi”, Newsweek Pakistan , Kādî Hüseyin Ahmed özel sayısı, Lahor 25 Ocak 2013 (http://newsweekpakistan.com/saint-qazi/ [10.05.2015]); Urdû Dâcist , Kādî Hüseyin Ahmed özel sayısı, LIII/3, Lahor 2013; Şâhid Hamîd, “Ḳāḍî Ḥüseyn Aḥmed Cehd-i Müselsel ka İstiʿâre tey”, Rûznâme İkspres (Daily Expres) , Lahor 7 Ocak 2013, s. 16; “Transition: Qazi Hussain Ahmed dies at 74: The Most Popular Chief of JI Served as the Party’s Chief for 22 Years”, The Express Tribune with the International New York Times , Karachi, 6 Ocak 2013; Hamîd Gül, “Ḳāḍî Ḥüseyn Aḥmed Ek İnḳılâbî Siyâsetdân Ek Eḥadsâz Şaḫṣiyet”, Dânâ-i-Râz , Lahor Nisan 2013; M. Riyâz Ahter, “Pâkistânî Siyâset ka Muʿteber Ḥavâle Ḳāḍî Ḥüseyn Aḥmed ʿÂşıḳ-ı İkbâl Bhi Râhî Adem Huey”, Nevâʾey Vaḳt , özel sayı [baskı yeri ve tarihi yok]; Kavmî Dacist (Qaumi Digest) , Kādî Hüseyin Ahmed özel sayısı, Lahor Şubat 2013; Jamshed Khan, “The Rise of Political Islam in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: The Case of Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA)”, The Dialogue: A Quarterly Research Journal , IX/3, Peshawar 2014, s. 299-312; Abdürrâfi Resûl, “Ḳāḍî Ḥüseyn Aḥmed Millet-i İslâmiye ka ʿAẓîm Sermâye tey”, Cihâd-ı Keşmîr , http://www.jihadekashmir.net/index.php/component/content/article/920130202114804/2220130209123147 (30.05.2015).
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2016 yılında İstanbul’da basılan (gözden geçirilmiş 2. basım) EK-1. cildinde, 701-702 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.