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İBN ZÜHR Skip to content X-XIII. yüzyıllarda Endülüslü Benî Zühr ailesinden yetişen hekimler.
Ebû Mervân Abdülmelik b. Muhammed b. Mervân b. Zühr el-İşbîlî (ö. 470/1078). İşbîliye’de (Sevilla) doğdu. Arap yarımadasındaki İyâz b. Mead b. Adnân soyundan gelen ve IV. (X.) yüzyılın başlarında Doğu Endülüs’teki Şâtıbe’ye (Jativa) yerleştikten sonra ülkenin çeşitli şehirlerine ve Merakeş’e kadar yayılan Benî Zühr ailesinden yetişen ilk hekimdir. Mâlikî fakihi olan babası Muhammed b. Mervân’dan tefsir, hadis ve diğer dinî ilimleri tahsil ettikten sonra tıbba merak sardı. Tıp öğrenimini kimden gördüğüne ilişkin herhangi bir bilgi yoktur. Ancak daha sonra ilim ve tecrübesini geliştirmek ve hac farîzasını yerine getirmek için Doğu İslâm ülkelerine seyahate çıktığı, ardından Kayrevan ve Mısır’da uzun süre kalarak hekimlik yaptığı rivayet edilmektedir (Sâid el-Endelüsî, s. 196-197). Bazı kaynaklara göre bu yolculuk sırasında önce Bağdat’a gitmiş ve orada hekimbaşı olarak çalıştıktan sonra Mısır ve Kayrevan’a geçmiştir. Meslek hayatının en olgun döneminde Endülüs’e dönen Ebû Mervân, Dâniye (Denia) şehrine yerleşti. Kendisine büyük değer veren Hükümdar Mücâhid el-Âmirî’nin özel hekimi olarak saraya girmesinin ardından şöhreti bütün Endülüs’e yayıldı. İbn Ebû Usaybia’ya göre Ebû Mervân hayatının sonlarında İşbîliye’ye dönmüş ve orada vefat etmiştir (ʿUyûnü’l-enbâʾ , s. 517); Dâniye’de öldüğü de rivayet edilir (İbn Hallikân, IV, 437). Kaynaklarda herhangi bir eserinin adı geçmezken hamamda yıkanmanın mizacı bozup vücudun kokmasına yol açtığına dair bazı şâz görüşlerine yer verilmiştir (Sâid el-Endelüsî, s. 197).
Ebü’l-Alâ b. Zühr b. Ebû Mervân b. Abdülmelik (ö. 525/1131). İşbîliye’de doğdu; Benî Zühr ailesinden yetişen ikinci hekimdir. Adı Ortaçağ Batı kaynaklarında Aboali, Abuleli, Ebilule, Alguazir, Abulelizar ve Albuleizar şekillerinde geçer. İlk eğitimini ve tıp hakkındaki temel bilgileri babası Ebû Mervân’dan aldı. Öğrenimini tamamlamak için Kurtuba’ya (Córdoba) giderek Ebû Ali el-Gassânî’nin derslerine devam etti. Hocasının tavsiyesi üzerine Ebû Bekir b. Müfevvez ile Ebû Ca‘fer b. Abdülazîz’den hadis öğrendi ve Ebû Muhammed Abdullah b. Eyyûb’dan müselsel hadisler konusunu okudu. Edebiyatta üslûp sahibi olduğu ve Maḳāmât müellifi Basralı Harîrî ile mektuplaştığı, hatta ondan icâzet aldığı kaydedilir. Fakat babası gibi asıl tıp alanında yetişti ve elde ettiği geniş bilgi ve tecrübe sayesinde şöhreti bütün ülkeye yayıldı (İbnü’l-Ebbâr, I, 76). İşbîliye Abbâdî Hükümdarı Mu‘temid-Alellah onu özel hekimi olarak himayesine aldı; ancak kendisinin daha sonra devleti ele geçiren Yûsuf b. Tâşfîn’i desteklediği bilinmektedir. Sırtında iki kürek arasında çıkan çıban yüzünden Kurtuba’da vefat etti. Tabakat müellifleri, Ebü’l-Alâ’nın yöneticiler nezdinde müstesna bir yeri bulunduğunu belirtirken modern kaynaklar onu vezir diye nitelendirir (Sarton, II, 231). Ebü’l-Alâ tıptaki geniş bilgisini uygulamaya geçirmekle ünlüdür. Onun, nabzına bakmadan ve idrar kontrolü yapmadan hastanın durumu hakkında teşhiste bulunmadığı bilinmekte ve uyguladığı bu yöntemle ünlü hekim Ebû Bekir er-Râzî’yi hatırlattığı görülmektedir. İbn Ebû Usaybia da tedavide nâdir ilâçlar kullanmasına dikkat çeker (ʿUyûnü’l-enbâʾ , s. 517). Ebü’l-Alâ kendinden önceki ve çağdaşı hekimlerin eserlerini incelemiştir. İbn Sînâ’nın el-Ḳānûn fi’ṭ-ṭıbb ’ı o tarihte Endülüs’e ulaşmış ve çoğaltılarak bir nüshası ona takdim edilmişti. Fakat kitabı kütüphanesine koyacak kadar değerli bulmamış ve kenarlarını reçete yazmak için kullanmıştır. Ancak bu durum, el-Ḳānûn ’a hiç değer vermediği veya ondan yararlanmadığı anlamına gelmez; zira İbn Sînâ’nın basit ilâçlar hakkındaki görüşlerini eleştirmek üzere kaleme aldığı Maḳāle fi’r-red ʿalâ Ebî ʿAlî b. Sînâ adlı eseri onunla hayli meşgul olduğunu göstermektedir.
Eserleri. 1. Kitâbü’l-Mücerrebât (Mücerrebâtü’l-ḫavâṣ, el-Mücerrebâtü’ṣ-ṣaḥîḥa, Cemʿu’l-fevâʾidi’l-münteḫabe mine’l-ḫavâṣṣi’l-mücerrebe) . Ebü’l-Alâ’nın tıptaki müşahede ve tecrübelerine dair bazı eserlerinden parçalar, yazdığı reçeteler, tıp ve farmakolojiyle ilgili sorulara verdiği cevaplar ölümünden bir yıl sonra Ali b. Yûsuf b. Tâşfîn’in emriyle toplanmış ve alfabetik sırayla düzenlenmiştir. Muhteva olarak mineral, bitki ve hayvanlardan ilâç yapma tekniğini göstermekte, ayrıca bunların hangi hastalıklara karşı nasıl ve ne ölçüde kullanılacağını maddeler halinde açıklamaktadır; eserde yer alan madde sayısı 328’dir. Birçok nüshası bulunan kitabı (Brockelmann, GAL , I, 640; Suppl. , I, 889) Cristiana Alvarez Millan, Fransızca tercümesiyle birlikte yayımlamıştır (Madrid 1994). Tahran Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi’nde de Farsça bir tercümesi vardır (Merkezî, nr. II/2422).
2. Câmiʿu esrâri’ṭ-ṭıb . İnsan fizyolojisi, beslenme, perhiz ve hastalıkların tedavi yöntemlerini içeren eserin bir nüshası Merakeş’te bir mecmua içinde bulunmaktadır (Brockelmann, GAL Suppl. , I, 889). Aynı mecmuada yer alan el-Câmiʿ fi’l-eşribe ve eş-Şifâʾ mine’l-emrâż ve’l-ʿilel adlı eserlerden ikincisi de Ebü’l-Alâ’ya ait olup Murâbıtlar hânedanından Mansûr Ebü’l-Abbas Ahmed’e takdim edilmiştir. Şerbet, macun ve diğer ilâçların hazırlanma tekniklerini konu alan ilk eser ise oğlu Ebû Mervân’a aittir (DMBİ , III, 631; aş.bk.).
3. Kitâbü’l-Îżâḥ bi-Şevâhidi’l-İftizâh . Hekim İbn Rıdvân’ın Huneyn b. İshak’a ait el-Mesâʾil (Medḫal) fi’ṭ-ṭıb için yazdığı reddiyenin tutarsızlığını ortaya koymak üzere kaleme alınmıştır; Kâtib Çelebi eserin adını el-Îżâḥ fi’ṭ-ṭıb olarak verir (Keşfü’ẓ-ẓunûn , I, 515).
4. Kitâbü Ḥalli ṣükûki’r-Râzî ʿalâ kütübi Câlînûs (Tunus el-Mektebetü’l-Abdeliyye, nr. 1/2867).
5. Maḳāle fi’r-red ʿalâ Ebî ʿAlî b. Sînâ . İbn Sînâ’nın el-Ḳānûn ’unun basit ilâçlar bölümünde yer alan görüşlerinin eleştirisinden ibaret olan eseri müellif oğlu Ebû Mervân için yazmıştır.
6. Maḳāle fî basṭıhî li-risâleti Yaʿḳūb b. İsḥâḳ el-Kindî fî terkîbi’l-Edviyeti’l-müfrede (Rabat, el-Hizânetü’l-âmme, nr. 532).
7. Kitâbü’n-Nüketi’ṭ-ṭıbbiyye . Bu eser de Ebû Mervân için kaleme alınmıştır.
8. Kitâbü’l-Edviyeti’l-müfrede (İbn Ebû Usaybia, s. 519).
9. Müshilât bi-iʿtibâri’l-fuṣûl . Çeşitli mevsimlerdeki ishale yol açan besinler hakkındadır (Tunus el-Mektebetü’l-Abdeliyye, nr. 9/2867).
10. Necḥu’n-necâḥ (Tunus el-Mektebetü’l-Abdeliyye, nr. 3/2867).
Gabriel Colin, Ebü’l-Alâ’nın oğlu Ebû Mervân’a ait et-Teẕkire adlı eseri Paris (Bibliothèque Nationale, nr. 2960) ve Escurial (nr. 839) nüshalarına dayanarak Fransızca tercümesiyle birlikte neşretmiş (Paris 1911) ve eserin Ebü’l-Alâ’nın olduğunu sanmıştır. Halbuki İbn Ebû Usaybia, Ebû Mervân’ın kitabı oğlu Ebû Bekir için yazdığını açıkça belirtmektedir (ʿUyûnü’l-enbâʾ , s. 521). Colin, The Encyclopaedia of Islam ’ın birinci edisyonuna yazdığı “İbn Zühr” maddesinde bu hatasını düzeltmediği gibi ikinci edisyonda bu maddeyi yeniden yazan Roje Arnaldez de aynı hatayı tekrarlamıştır.
Ebû Mervân Abdülmelik b. Ebü’l-Alâ b. Zühr (ö. 557/1162). İşbîliye’de dünyaya geldi. Doğum tarihi hakkında tabakat müellifleri bilgi vermezken modern araştırmacılar bazı ipuçlarından hareketle 484 veya 487’de (1091, 1094) doğduğunu söylerler. Batı literatüründe Avenzoar ve Abhomeron diye geçen Ebû Mervân, Benî Zühr ailesinden yetişen üçüncü ve en meşhur hekimdir; İbn Zühr künyesi anıldığında ilk önce o akla gelir. Önce dil, edebiyat ve dinî ilimler tahsil edip Ebû Muhammed Abdurrahman b. Muhammed b. Attâb’dan lugat, kıraat, hadis ve tefsir, Ebû Muhammed b. Azb’dan da Mâlikî fıkhı okudu. Babasıyla birlikte Harîrî ile mektuplaşarak bazı edebî meseleleri tartıştıkları ve edebiyat alanında kendilerini yetişkin bulan Harîrî’nin her ikisine de icâzet verdiği bilinmektedir (İbnü’l-Ebbâr, II, 616). Erken yaşta babasından tıp tahsili gördü ve henüz gençken üne kavuştu. Başlangıçta babasının yardımcısı olarak mesleğini icra ediyordu; Kitâbü’t-Teysîr fi’l-müdâvât ve’t-tedbîr adlı eserinde bu hususu sıkça belirtir (s. 43, 45-46). Başarısı, geleneksel bilgi ve yöntemlerden çok klinik deneylere önem vermesinden kaynaklanıyordu. Ebû Mervân, Murâbıtlar hânedanından Halife Ali b. Yûsuf b. Tâşfîn’in tedavisi için 501 (1108) yılında Kurtuba’ya davet edildiğinde çok gençti. Fakat on yıl sonra bu hükümdar İşbîliye Kadısı Ali b. Ahmed ez-Zührî’nin kışkırtması sonucu onu Merakeş’te hapse attırdı. Hapiste ne kadar kaldığı bilinmemekte, ancak dört yıl sonra aynı hânedandan İşbîliye Valisi İbrâhim b. Yûsuf b. Tâşfîn’in hekimi olduğu görülmektedir. Bu emîrin büyük saygı ve desteğini kazanan Ebû Mervân pek çok servet edinmiş ve yazdığı Kitâbü’l-İḳtiṣâd ’ı ona armağan etmiştir. Kendisini ve yakınlarını sağlıklarına kavuşturduğu halde Ali b. Yûsuf b. Tâşfîn’in düşmanlığından kurtulamayan Ebû Mervân 535 (1140) yılında tekrar Merakeş’te hapse atıldı ve hapisteyken yine emîrin yakınlarını tedavi etti. Hekim Ebü’l-Hakem İbn Galinduh’a da Kitâbü’l-İḳtiṣâd ’ı hapiste iken okuttu (İbnü’l-Ebbâr, II, 616). Kitâbü’t-Teysîr ’de yeri geldikçe Ali b. Yûsuf’a olan öfkesini “şakī” ifadesiyle dile getiren Ebû Mervân’a ve babasına karşı bu halifenin beslediği düşmanlığın gerçek sebebi hakkında kesin bilgi yoksa da onların Murâbıt-Muvahhid mücadelesinde Muvahhidler’i destekledikleri düşünülebilir. Nitekim Ebû Mervân sonraları yeni devletin kurucusu Abdülmü’min el-Kûmî’nin veziri olmuş, ondan büyük saygı ve yardım gördüğü için de en meşhur eseri Kitâbü’t-Teysîr ’i kendisine ithaf etmiştir. İbn Rüşd ile Ebû Mervân arasında yakın bir ilişkinin bulunduğu bilinmektedir. İbn Rüşd el-Külliyyât ’ta, kendisinden otuz yaş büyük olan Ebû Mervân’dan istinsah etmek üzere Kitâbü’t-Teysîr ’i istediğini anlatır ve onu “zamanımızda tecrübî tıp alanında yazılan en mükemmel eser” diye tanımlar (Muhammed el-Arabî el-Hattâbî, I, 281-282). Ebû Mervân birçok öğrenci yetiştirmiştir, bunların önde gelenleri arasında oğlu Ebû Bekir Muhammed, Ebü’l-Hüseyin b. Esdûn Ebû Muhammed eş-Şezûnî, İşbîliye Kadısı Ebû Bekir b. Fakīh ve Ebû İmrân b. İmrân bulunmaktadır. Babası gibi son derece dindar olan Ebû Mervân’ın eserleri önce İbrânîce’ye, oradan da Latince’ye çevrilmiş, bu sırada mukaddimelerindeki İslâmî ifadeler ihmal edildiğinden bazı müellifler ortaya onun yahudi dinini seçtiğine dair asılsız rivayetler çıkarmışlardır (Sarton, II, 233). Ebû Mervân, İşbîliye’de babası gibi iki kürek kemiği arasında çıkan çıbandan ölmüştür. İslâm tıbbı üzerindeki çalışmalarıyla tanınan Gabriel Colin ve Rose Kuhne’nin doktora tezleri Ebû Mervân üzerinedir.
Eserleri. 1. Kitâbü’t-Teysîr fi’l-müdâvât ve’t-tedbîr . Ebû Mervân’ın olgunluk çağında kaleme aldığı ve Halife Abdülmü’min el-Kûmî’ye ithaf ettiği eserde koruyucu hekimlik hakkında verilen kısa bilgilerden sonra geleneksel anlayışa bağlı kalınarak baştan itibaren vücuttaki organlarda ortaya çıkan hastalıklar ve bunlara karşı kullanılacak ilâçlar sırayla tanıtılır. Babası gibi deneysel metodun önemini vurgulayan Ebû Mervân eserinde kendi yaptığı deney ve gözlemleri ayrıntılarıyla açıklar. Bunlar arasında kalbin dış zarında meydana gelen tümörün tasviri ve yutak felciyle orta kulak iltihabı hakkında verdiği bilgiler orijinaldir. Ebû Mervân, yine bu eserden anlaşıldığına göre aynı zamanda nefes borusu ameliyatını ve yemek borusu vasıtasıyla sunî beslenmeyi öneren ilk hekimdir. Sağlık açısından durgun sularla bataklıkların zararlarına dikkat çekmesi de çağına göre önemli bir husustur. Uyuz hastalığının teşhis ve tedavisiyle ilgili görüşleri ilk değilse de çok açık ve isabetlidir (EI2 [İng.] , III, 978). Yaygın kanaatin aksine Ebû Mervân Kitâbü’t-Teysîr ’i İbn Rüşd’ün isteği üzerine yazmış değildir. İbn Rüşd yalnız istinsah etmek üzere eseri müelliften istemiştir. Bilim tarihinde Kitâbü’t-Teysîr Ebû Bekir er-Râzî’nin el-Ḥâvî , İbn Sînâ’nın el-Ḳānûn , Ali b. Abbas’ın Kâmilü’ṣ-ṣınâʿati’ṭ-ṭıbbiyye ve et-Teẕkîr adlı eserleriyle mukayese edilmektedir. Kitap, XIII. yüzyıldan itibaren birkaç defa İbrânîce ve Latince’ye çevrilmiş ve Latince tercümesi 1490-1574 yılları arasında on defa basılmıştır. İlk ilmî neşrini ise Mişel el-Hûrî gerçekleştirmiş (Dımaşk 1403/1983), daha sonra Muhammed b. Abdullah er-Rûdânî, müellifin el-Câmiʿ adlı risâlesini de ekleyerek yeni bir neşrini yapmıştır (Rabat 1992).
2. el-Câmiʿ . Muhammed b. Abdullah er-Rûdânî tarafından Kitâbü’t-Teysîr ’in arkasına eklenerek yayımlanan eser bazı macun, şurup ve yağların hazırlanışı ve kullanılışlarını anlatır.
3. Kitâbü’l-Aġẕiye . Yiyecek ve içeceklerin sağlığa olan yarar ve zararları, diyetler, hijyen kuralları ve baharat çeşitlerinin tıp açısından taşıdığı özellikler gibi konuları içeren eser Muhammed el-Arabî el-Hattâbî tarafından yayımlanmıştır (Daʿvetü’l-ḥaḳ , sy. 276 [Mekke 1989], s. 23-80).
4. Kitâbü’t-Teẕkire fi’d-devâʾi’l-müshil . Ebû Mervân bu eserini, kendisine vekâleten Abdülmü’min el-Kûmî’nin Merakeş’teki sarayına gönderdiği oğlu Ebû Bekir için yazmıştır. Gabriel Colin, kitabı Ebû Mervân’ın babası Ebü’l-Alâ’ya nisbet ederek Fransızca tercümesiyle birlikte yayımlamış (Paris 1911), daha sonra Muhammed el-Arabî el-Hattâbî farklı nüshaları karşılaştırarak daha sıhhatli bir neşrini gerçekleştirmiştir (eṭ-Ṭıb ve’l-eṭıbbâʾ fi’l-Endelüs , I, 289-303).
5. Kitâbü’l-Ḳānûn . Ebû Mervân’ın Merakeş’te Abdülmü’min el-Kûmî’nin başhekim ve vezirliğini yaparken onun için yazdığı, çeşitli organlarda görülen hastalıklara karşı uyarı mahiyetinde küçük bir risâledir; Muhammed el-Arabî el-Hattâbî tarafından yayımlanmıştır (a.g.e. , I, 304-309).
6. Tafżîlü’l-ʿasel ʿale’s-sükker . Müellifin kendi dönemindeki hekimlerin gerek tedavi gerekse besin maddesi olarak şekeri bala tercih etmelerinin yanlışlığını anlatmak üzere kaleme alınan ve Abdülmü’min el-Kûmî’ye takdim edilen bu risâleyi Muhammed el-Arabî el-Hattâbî neşretmiştir (a.g.e. , I, 310-317).
7. Kitâbü’l-İḳtiṣâd fî ıṣlâḥi’l-enfüs ve’l-ecsâd . Tıp ve koruyucu hekimlik yöntemlerinin bir arada işlendiği muhtasar bir eserdir. Kitapta önce geleneksel tıptaki nefis ayırımına uygun olarak beyindeki aklî, kalpteki hayvanî ve ciğerdeki tabii nefisler ele alınır; ardından diğer organlarda görülen hastalıkların tedavileri üzerinde durulur. Eserin dikkat çeken bir özelliği, hastalıkların tasvir ve tedavi yöntemlerinin Allah’a hamdetme vasıtası olduğu için önce dildeki rahatsızlıklardan başlanarak anlatılmasıdır. Otuz kısa bölümden oluşan ve yalnız on beş bölümü günümüze kadar gelen eserin bir nüshası Escurial Library’de (nr. 834) bulunmaktadır (EI2 [İng.] , III, 978).
8. Maḳāle fî ʿileli’l-külâ . Böbrek hastalıklarını konu alan eserin Arapça aslı zamanımıza gelmemişse de Latince tercümesi bulunmuştur (Muhammed el-Arabî el-Hattâbî, I, 283).
Ebû Mervân’ın kaynaklarda adı geçen diğer eserleri de şunlardır: Kitâbü’z-Zîne , Risâle fî ʿilleteyi’l-baraṣ ve’l-behaḳ , Kitâbü Muḫtaṣarı Ḥileti’l-bürʾ li-Câlînûs .
Ebû Bekir Muhammed b. Ebû Mervân Abdülmelik b. Ebü’l-Alâ b. Zühr el-Hafîd (ö. 595/1199). 504’te (1110-11) İşbîliye’de doğdu ve eğitimini orada gördü. Küçük yaşta Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’i, daha sonra da Ṣaḥîḥ-i Buḫârî ’yi ezberledi. Âsım el-Batalyevsî’den dil ve edebiyat, Abdülmelik el-Bâcî’den Mâlikî fıkhı okudu. İbn Ebû Usaybia, onun müveşşahlarından bol örnekler vererek devrinin başarılı şairlerinden olduğunu söyler. Dil, edebiyat ve dinî ilimlerin yanı sıra babası ile dedesinden tıbbın teori ve pratiğini öğrendi; bu alanda gösterdiği başarıdan dolayı zamanın Câlînûs’u diye anıldı. Ebû Bekir yöneticilerden, özellikle Muvahhidler hânedanı hükümdarlarından büyük saygı ve yardım gördü; onların hekimliğini üstlendi. 595 (1199) yılında Muhammed b. Ebû Yûsuf Ya‘kūb’a olan biatını tazelemek üzere Muvahhidler’in başşehri Merakeş’e gitti ve büyük saygıyla karşılandı. Fakat onun şöhretini kıskanan ve yerini alacağından korkan Vezir Ebû Zeyd Abdurrahman tarafından zehirlenerek öldürüldü (İbn Ebû Usaybia, s. 524); Merakeş’te Mekābirüşşüyûh’a defnedildi. Dindar kişiliğiyle tanınan Ebû Bekir, tıbbın pratiği yanında en çok öğrenci yetiştirmekle meşgul oldu. Ebû Ca‘fer b. Gazzâl, Ebû Ali Şelevbîn, Ebü’l-Hasan Mûsâ b. Saîd el-Gırnâtî ve Ebü’l-Hattâb Ömer b. Dihye onun önde gelen öğrencileridir. Halife Ebû Yûsuf Ya‘kūb el-Mansûr, bütün ülkede felsefe ve mantık kitaplarını yasaklayarak kütüphanelerde bulunanların toplatılıp imha edilmesine karar vermiş ve bu işle Ebû Bekir el-Hafîd’i görevlendirmişti; yalnız onun kitapları bu kararın dışında bırakılmıştı. İbn Ebû Usaybia’nın anlattığına göre Ebû Bekir, kendisinden tıp tahsil eden iki öğrencisinin elinde mantık kitabı görünce alıp bir kenara atmış ve onların uzun süre derslerine girmesine izin vermemiştir. Ancak yeterli derecede dinî bilgi aldıklarına kanaat getirince tekrar öğrenciliğe kabul etmiş ve, “Bundan sonra mantık ve felsefeye dair kitapları okuyabilirsiniz” diyerek dinî bilgisi eksik kişiler için felsefenin sakıncalı olacağına dikkat çekmiştir (a.g.e. , s. 523-524). Ebû Bekir el-Hafîd’in, Halife Ebû Yûsuf Ya‘kūb için kaleme aldığı günümüze ulaşmayan et-Tiryâḳu’l-ḫamsînî ’den başka bir eseri bilinmemektedir.
Ebû Muhammed b. el-Hafîd Ebû Bekir b. Zühr (ö. 602/1205). 577’de (1181) İşbîliye’de doğdu. Dinî ilimler alanında tahsil gördükten sonra babasından tıp öğrendi ve ondan ayrıca Ebû Hanîfe ed-Dîneverî’nin Kitâbü’n-Nebât ’ını, Ebû Mûsâ Îsâ b. Abdülazîz el-Cezûlî’den nahve dair el-Cezûliyye adlı eserini okudu. Benî Zühr ailesinin ilmî mirasına sahip olan ve onu liyakatle temsil eden Ebû Muhammed, gençliğine rağmen Hükümdar Ebû Abdullah Muhammed en-Nâsır’dan büyük saygı görüyordu. Fakat Merakeş’e giderken Selâ şehrinde henüz yirmi beş yaşında iken zehirlenerek öldü. Cenazesi önce oraya gömüldüyse de daha sonra İşbîliye’ye nakledilerek atalarının yanında toprağa verildi. İşbîliye’de yaşayan iki oğlundan Ebü’l-Alâ Muhammed de hekimdi ve Câlînûs’un eserlerini incelemişti (İbn Ebû Usaybia, s. 530). Benî Zühr ailesinden ayrıca iki kadın hekimin yetiştiği ve birinin Ebû Bekir el-Hafîd’in Ümmü Amr diye anılan kız kardeşi, diğerinin de onun kızı olduğu bilinmektedir. Bunlardan yeğeni Vezir Ebû Zeyd Abdurrahman tarafından kendisiyle birlikte zehirletilmiştir.
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Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 1999 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 20. cildinde, 469-472 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.