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ELAZIĞ Skip to content Doğu Anadolu bölgesinin Yukarı Fırat bölümünde şehir ve bu şehrin merkez olduğu il.
1/2 Müellif: AHMET HALAÇOĞLU Bölüme Git
Uluova’nın kuzey kenarında, Harput Kalesi’nin bulunduğu tepe eteğinde hafif meyilli bir zemin üzerinde denizden 1067 m. yükseklikte kurulmuştur. Bugün…
2/2 Müellif: METİN TUNCEL Bölüme Git
Bugünkü Elazığ. Tarihî Harput şehrinin yerini alan Elazığ, aynı adı taşıyan ovanın kuzey kenarında kuzeyden güneye doğru alçalan hafif eğimli bir yüze…
Uluova’nın kuzey kenarında, Harput Kalesi’nin bulunduğu tepe eteğinde hafif meyilli bir zemin üzerinde denizden 1067 m. yükseklikte kurulmuştur. Bugün nüfus bakımından Doğu Anadolu bölgesinin üçüncü, Türkiye’nin yirminci büyük şehri olup XIX. yüzyılda Anadolu’nun en eski yerleşim merkezlerinden biri olan Harput’un yerini almış ve büyük bir gelişme göstermiştir.
Tarih boyunca farklı isimlerle anılan ve çeşitli uygarlıkların merkezi olan Elazığ yöresi ilk defa Hz. Ömer zamanında İslâm orduları tarafından fethedildi. Bir süre sonra tekrar Bizanslılar’ın eline geçtiyse de 1071 Malazgirt Zaferi’nin ardından başlayan Türk akınları sırasında 1085’te Çubuk Bey tarafından zaptedildi. Bundan sonra Artukoğulları, Selçuklular, Dulkadıroğulları, Akkoyunlular ve Safevîler’in eline geçen yöre, nihayet Yavuz Sultan Selim zamanında Çerkez Hüseyin Bey, Kemah hâkimi Karaçinzâde Ahmed Bey ve İdrîs-i Bitlisî’nin gayretleriyle, Harput’un üç günlük bir kuşatma sonucu zaptından sonra (26 Mart 1516) Osmanlı topraklarına katıldı.
İlk çağlardan itibaren savunmaya elverişli ve hayli yüksek bir yerde kurulmuş bir kale-şehir olarak gelişme gösteren Harput’un XIX. yüzyılda stratejik açıdan önemini kaybetmeye başlaması, ulaşımın da zor olması, bugünkü Elazığ şehrinin bulunduğu mezraanın (Agavat mezraası) yeni yerleşme merkezi haline gelmesine yol açtı. Yerleşmenin buraya doğru hızla kayması üzerine yeni kurulan şehrin imarı için çalışmalara başlandı. Vali İzzet Paşa zamanında mezraanın adı dönemin padişahı Abdülaziz’e nisbetle Ma‘mûretülazîz’e çevrildi. Ayrıca yalnız yeni kurulan şehrin değil teşkil edilen sancağın adı da bu şekilde anıldı (10 Ramazan 1283 / 16 Ocak 1867 tarihli arz: BA , İrade-Meclis-i Vâlâ, nr. 38901). Buna paralel olarak 1283-1284 (1866-1868) tarihli Harput (Ma‘mûretülazîz) Şer‘iyye Sicili ’nin ilk on dokuzuncu sayfasına kadar şehrin adı Harput olarak geçmekte iken bundan sonra Ma‘mûretülazîz olarak kaydedilmiştir (Şer‘iyye Sicilleri , Harput, nr. 381).
Elazığ özellikle XIX. yüzyılın sonlarında önemli karışıklıklara sahne oldu. Eylül-Ekim 1895’te, yörede bulunan Ermeniler Batılı devletlerin, kiliseler, okullar ve komitelerin teşvik ve desteğiyle bağımsız bir devlet kurmak için büyük bir isyan çıkardılar. Bu ayaklanmalar, asker ve aşiretlerin zamanında aldığı tedbirler sayesinde fazla büyümeden önlendi. Bundan sonra I. Dünya Savaşı yıllarına kadar vilâyet içinde herhangi bir Ermeni olayı meydana gelmedi. Ancak seferberlikten sonra vilâyette müslümanlara karşı saldırılar yeniden başladı. Ocak-Şubat 1915’te sakat ve yaralı olarak askerden dönen müslümanların birçoğu yollarda uğradıkları Ermeni köylerinde vahşice katledildi. Yine aynı yıl Van yöresindeki Ermeni ayaklanmaları Erzurum’un yanı sıra Ma‘mûretülazîz’e de yayıldı. Böylece şehir, doğu cephesindeki çatışmaların yanında 1915’teki Ermeni tehcirinden ve Mart 1916’daki Dersim ayaklanmasından da etkilendi. Buradaki çok sayıda Ermeni savaş alanından uzak yerlere göç ettirildi. Ayrılıkçı bazı grupların başlattığı Dersim ayaklanmasında ise Nâzımiye, Mazgirt, Pertek ve Çarsancak yağma edildi. Ayaklanma ancak iki ay kadar süren takip ve çatışmalardan sonra bastırılabildi.
Elazığ, Millî Mücadele yıllarında düşman işgaline uğramayan şehirlerden biridir. Bu yıllarda bölgede ortaya çıkan en önemli meselelerden biri Ali Galib olayıdır. Ali Galib, 4 Eylül 1919’da toplanan Sivas Kongresi’ni dağıtmak, Mustafa Kemal’i yakalayarak İstanbul’a teslim etmek maksadıyla Damad Ferid Paşa tarafından Ma‘mûretütazîz valiliğine getirilmişti. Ali Galib adamları ile birlikte harekete geçmek istediyse de üzerine gönderilen kuvvetlerle adamları dağıtıldı, kendisi de İstanbul’a kaçtı.
1867 Vilâyet Nizamnâmesi ile bir sancak halinde teşkilâtlandırılan ve Diyarbekir vilâyetine tâbi olan Ma‘mûretülazîz’e Harput, Arapkir, Ergani Madeni, Malatya, Hısnımansûr (Adıyaman) ve Palu kazaları bağlıydı. 1871’de yönetiminde çıkan bazı aksaklıklar sebebiyle Diyarbekir vilâyetinden ayrıldı ve müstakil bir sancak haline getirildi. 1877’de de vilâyet oldu. 1892’de Malatya ve Dersim bu vilâyete katıldı. İlk valisi Mehmed Reşid Paşa’dır. Vilâyet 1920 yılına kadar bu idarî durumunu korudu. Bu tarihten sonra yeni bir düzenleme ile Dersim ve Malatya buradan ayrıldı ve her biri ayrı birer vilâyet haline getirildi.
Osmanlı Devleti’nde ilk defa yapılan 1831 nüfus sayımında Harput’un nüfusuna dair bir kayda rastlanmamakla birlikte Elazığ’a taşınmadan önceki nüfusunun 20-30.000 civarında olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. 1293 (1876) ve 1298 (1881) yıllarında Harput kazasının toplam nüfusu 3896’sı müslüman, 1801’i gayri müslim olmak üzere 5697; Elaziz kazasının nüfusu ise 21.191’i müslüman ve 14.485’i gayri müslim olmak üzere 35.676 kişi idi (Ma‘mûretülazîz Salnâmesi , sene 1293, 1298). Vilâyetteki gayri müslimlerin çoğunluğunu Ermeniler oluşturuyordu; ayrıca Süryânî, Rum ve Latinler de vardı. Aynı salnâmelere göre Ma‘mûretülazîz sancağında 792 köy, 55.351’i müslüman olmak üzere toplam 83.145 kişi bulunmaktaydı.
Vital Cuinet tarafından tesbit edildiğine göre XIX. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru Harput’un nüfusu 20.000 civarında iken mezraanın (Ma‘mûretülazîz) nüfusu 5000 idi. Harput ve mezraaya bağlı yerlerle beraber merkez sancağının toplam nüfusu 295.024 olarak gösterilmektedir. Yine Cuinet’in eserinde, XIX. yüzyıl sonlarında Harput ve mezraada 720 erkek öğrencinin okuduğu yirmi sekiz medresenin bulunduğu kayıtlıdır. Ayrıca biri askerî, diğeri sivil olmak üzere iki de rüşdiye vardı. Fakat bu istatistiğin pek sıhhatli olduğu söylenemez. Nitekim 1893 nüfus sayımında merkez sancağın nüfusu 135.761’i müslüman, 55.760’ı gayri müslim olmak üzere 191.521 olarak tesbit edilmişti. Bu sırada Ma‘mûretülazîz merkezinde beş mahalle, bir hükümet konağı, bir mülkî idâdî, bir askerî mektep, on erkek, iki kız ibtidâî mektebi, bir matbaa dairesi ve bir medrese bulunmaktaydı (Ma‘mûretülazîz Salnâmesi , sene 1305). 1312 (1894-95) tarihli Ma‘mûretülazîz Salnâmesi ’nde ise vilâyette toplam 338 okuldan, 114’ü gayri müslimlere ait birçok sıbyan mektebinden bahsedilir. Kāmûsü’l-a‘lâm ’daki kayıtlara göre vilâyette toplam 575.314 kişi mevcut olup bunların 504.946’sı müslüman, 70.368’i gayri müslimdi (VI, 4333). Ma‘mûretülazîz’in vilâyet nüfusundaki bu yüksek rakam, özellikle 1885-1914 yılları arasında bütün dünyada olduğu gibi Osmanlı Devleti’nde de görülen nüfus artışının tabii bir sonucu olmalıdır. Yine Kāmûsü’l-a‘lâm ’da, vilâyet merkezinde bir mülkî idâdî, bir mülkî rüşdiye, bir askerî rüşdiye ile erkek ve kızlara mahsus birer ibtidâî mektebinin bulunduğu, bütün vilâyette on üç rüşdiye, 315 ibtidâî ve sıbyan mektebi, otuz bir medrese, kırk beş Ortodoks Ermeni, on iki Protestan Ermeni, altı Katolik Ermeni mektebi ile Katolik misyonerlerine mahsus sekiz ve Protestan misyonerlerine mahsus beş mektebin mevcut olduğu kayıtlıdır. Bunların yanında, vilâyet merkezinde bulunan matbaada haftada bir gazete ve her yıl bir vilâyet salnâmesi neşredildiği, vilâyet içinde seksen sekiz kadar caminin yer aldığı belirtilmektedir. I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında şehrin Ermeni nüfusu başka yerlere nakledilince müslümanların çoğu, mezraanın daha da gelişmesi sonucu harap olmaya yüz tutan Harput’u terkederek ovaya indi. Böylece Elazığ merkez nüfusu daha da kalabalıklaştı ve mütecânis bir yapı kazandı.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
BA , İrade-Meclis-i Vâlâ, nr. 38901.
Şer‘iyye Sicilleri , Harput, nr. 381, s. 19 (sene 1283-84).
Ma‘mûretülazîz Salnâmesi (1293, 1298, 1305, 1308, 1312 seneleri), tür.yer.
Cuinet , II, 316 vd.
Ermeni Komitelerinin A‘mâl ve Harekât-ı İhtilâliyyesi (haz. H. Erdoğan Cengiz), Ankara 1983, s. 237-239.
Kāmûsü’l-a‘lâm , VI, 4331 vd.
İshak Sunguroğlu, Harput Yollarında , İstanbul 1958-59, I-II.
Mehmet Hocaoğlu, Tarihte Ermeni Mezâlimi ve Ermeniler , İstanbul 1976, s. 242, 580.
Veysel Eroğlu, Ermeni Mezâlimi , İstanbul 1978, s. 124.
Cl. Cahen, Osmanlılardan Önce Anadoluda Türkler (trc. Yıldız Moran), İstanbul 1979, s. 101, 104, 127, 140, 237.
a.mlf., “K̲h̲artpert”, EI2 (İng.) , IV, 1084.
Osman Turan, Selçuklular Zamanında Türkiye Tarihi , İstanbul 1984, bk. İndeks.
Erdal Açıkses, Salnâmelere Göre Ma’mûretülazîz Vilâyetinde Maarif (1298-1325/1882-1910) (yüksek lisans tezi, 1985), Erzurum Atatürk Üniversitesi Türk İnkılâp Tarihi Enstitüsü.
Tuncer Baykara, Anadolu’nun Tarihî Coğrafyasına Giriş I: Anadolu’nun İdarî Taksimatı , Ankara 1988, I, 42, 135, 138.
a.mlf., “Cumhuriyet Döneminde Türkiye Mülkî Taksimatının Gelişmesi”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Beşerî Bilimler Dergisi , X/3, Ankara 1980, s. 116-129.
Mehmet Ali Ünal, XVI. Yüzyılda Harput Sancağı (1518-1566) , Ankara 1989.
Besim Darkot, “El’aziz”, İA , IV, 221-223.
a.mlf., “Harput”, a.e. , V, 296-299.
Maddenin bu bölümü TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 1994 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 10. cildinde, 551-552 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.
Bugünkü Elazığ. Tarihî Harput şehrinin yerini alan Elazığ, aynı adı taşıyan ovanın kuzey kenarında kuzeyden güneye doğru alçalan hafif eğimli bir yüzey üzerinde yayılır. Cumhuriyet devri başlarında, sınırları bir önceki döneme göre bir hayli küçülmüş bir ilin merkezi durumundaydı. Şehrin bu yıllarda karşılaştığı en önemli olay, 13 Şubat 1925 tarihinde Doğu Anadolu’da ortaya çıkan Şeyh Said isyanıdır. Ayaklanmanın başlamasından on gün kadar sonra Şeyh Said’e bağlı güçler Elazığ’a girerek şehri yağmaladılar (24 Şubat 1925). Burası, isyanın sona erdiği 29 Haziran 1925’e kadar onların elinde kaldı.
1927’de yapılan Cumhuriyet’in ilk nüfus sayımında şehir nüfusu henüz 20.000’i bulmamıştı (19.216). Malatya’dan gelerek Maden ve Ergani üzerinden Diyarbakır’a giden demiryolu üzerindeki Yolçatı İstasyonu’ndan ayrılan 24 kilometrelik bir hattın 8 Ağustos 1934’te Elazığ’a ulaşması sonucunda şehrin hayatında belirli bir canlanma meydana geldi ve bundan bir yıl sonra yapılan sayımda nüfusu 23.278 olarak belirlendi. 1940’lı yıllara yaklaşırken şehrin ve merkez olduğu ilin adında değişiklikler yapıldı. Esasen XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında kullanılan Ma‘mûretülazîz adı XX. yüzyılın başlarında terkedilerek bunun yerine kısaca Elaziz denmeye başlanmıştı. Bu ad, 1937 yılının Kasım ayında bakanlar kurulu kararı ile Elazık (azık diyarı) biçimine dönüştürüldü; 10 Aralık 1937 tarihli başka bir kararla da Elazığ adı kabul edildi.
25 Aralık 1935 tarihinde kabul edilen ve 4 Ocak 1936 tarihli Resmî Gazete ’de yayımlanan 3197 sayılı kanunla Tunceli adlı yeni bir vilâyet kurulunca bu vilâyete merkez olacak Kalan kasabası henüz inşa edilmediğinden yeni ilin merkezliğini de Elazığ şehri üstlendi. Böylece şehir bir süre aynı anda iki valinin oturduğu, Türkiye idarî coğrafyasında bir örneğine şimdiye kadar rastlanmayan bir uygulamaya sahne oldu. 6 Haziran 1936 tarihinde kurulan ve Tunceli, Elazığ, Bingöl illerini içine alan IV. Genel Müfettişlik’in idarî merkezi de geçici bir süre için Elazığ şehri oldu. Bu durum şehirdeki memur ailelerinin sayısını arttırdı, 1940’ta Elazığ’ın nüfusu 25.465’e yükseldi. 1927-1940 yılları arasındaki nüfus artışında, Harput’ta oturanların XIX. yüzyılın ortalarında başlayan Elazığ’a inme eğiliminin sürmesi de etkili olmuştur. Bu dönemde şehirde endüstrileşme görülmediğinden Harput dışındaki çevre nüfusu henüz şehre akın etmeye başlamamıştı. 1950 yılına kadar sadece yakın çevresinin bir pazar yeri ve ticaret merkezi olan Elazığ 1950’den sonra endüstri alanında da ilerleme gösterdi; şeker, çimento, iplik, şarap, nebatî yağ, kâğıt torba, yem ve gıda sanayiine ait çeşitli tesisler kuruldu ve bunun sonucunda çevre köy ve komşu illerden gelen nüfusun giderek burada toplanmaya başlamasıyla nüfus artışı hızlandı. 1955’te 41.667, 1965’te 78.605 olan nüfus 1970’te ilk defa 100.000’i de geçerek 107.364’ü buldu.
Elazığ şehrinin bu yıllardaki nüfus artışına paralel olarak alanı da bir hayli genişledi. Bu genişleme daha çok çevresindeki bazı köy ve beldelerin şehrin belediye sınırları içine alınmasıyla gerçekleşti. Şehrin güneyinde bulunan yakın köylerden Aksaray (eski Iğıki), Sürsürü, Kesrik gibi yerler belediye sınırları içine alındı. Bu genişlemelerle şehrin 1970’li yılların başındaki alanı 5 km2 ’ye ulaşmıştı (Sergün, s. 102). Nüfus artışı ve alan genişlemesi 1970’li yıllardan sonra daha da hızlandı. Zira bu dönemde çevreden şehre yönelik akın çoğalmıştı. Bunun sonucunda Elazığ’ın etrafında gecekondu mahalleleri ortaya çıkıp genişlemeye başladı. Bu semtler daha çok şehrin kuzeyinde, kuzeydoğusunda ve doğusunda yaygınlaştı. Kuzeydeki gecekondular Pertek karayolunun şehir çıkışında, Pancarlık ve Alman Bağları adı verilen mevkilerde yer almaktadır. Bu kesimdeki gecekondu yoğunlaşması 1974-1975 yıllarında başladı, 1980’li yıllara yaklaşıldığında yoğunluk daha da arttı. Bunda, 1974’te tamamlanan Keban baraj gölü altında kalan köylerin boşaltılması etkili olmuştur. Şehrin doğusunda bulunan Kösebağ gecekonduları, 1966 Varto depreminden sonra gelenler tarafından 1966-1968 yılları arasında kurulmuştu. 1980’den sonra çevredeki diğer bazı yerlerin katılmasıyla Elazığ’ın alanındaki genişleme sürdü. Bu arada Millî Güvenlik Konseyi’nin 11 Aralık 1980 tarihli Resmî Gazete ’de yayımlanan 34 numaralı kararına uyan 8. Kolordu Sıkıyönetim Komutanlığı’nın 3 Şubat 1981 tarihli 25 numaralı bildirisiyle şehrin kuzeyinde bulunan Harput ve Safra, kuzeydoğuda bulunan Ulukent (eski Hüseynik), doğuda bulunan Çatalçeşme (eski Mornik) adlı yerleşmeler belediye sınırları içine alındı. Bu genişlemelerden sonra yapılan 1985 sayımında 182.296’ya ulaşan nüfus 1990 sayımında 200.000’i aştı (204.603).
Elazığ’ın yeni bir şehir oluşu plan özellikleriyle de kendini gösterir. Şehrin ana eksenini doğu-batı doğrultusunda uzanan Gazi caddesi oluşturur. Öteki cadde ve sokaklar bu caddeyi ve birbirlerini dik olarak keserler. Şehrin 1950 yılına kadar olan gelişmesi, Gazi caddesinden güneydeki istasyona doğru hafif eğimlerle inen cadde ve sokaklar boyunca olmuştur. Daha sonra şehre eklenen yeni semtlerle, merkezî kısımda görülen düzen çevreye doğru genişlemeler sırasında bozulmuştur.
Şehirde yeni sanayi kollarının faaliyete geçmesi ve gelişmesi, eski geleneksel bazı sanayi kolları ile el sanatlarında gerilemelere yol açmıştır. Cumhuriyet dönemi başlarına kadar Elazığ’ın sanayi ve ticaret hayatında önemli bir yer tutan ipek üretimi ve ipekli dokumacılığı önemini yitirdiği gibi 1950’li yıllara kadar Elazığ’da yaygın olan yemenicilik de tarihe karışmıştır denilebilir. 1930’lu yıllarda şehir çarşısında yetmiş üç adet yemenici dükkânı bulunduğu halde (Karaboran, III/2, s. 147) 1980’li yıllarda şehirde bir tek yemenici kalmıştı. Bununla birlikte bu sanat kolunun adı Yemeniciler Çarşısı isminde hâlâ yaşamaktadır. Bu şekilde eski bir sanat kolunun varlığına işaret eden diğer bir çarşı da Semerciler Çarşısı’dır. Bunun şehrin iş merkezinde bulunması, vaktiyle önemli bir sanat kolu olan semercilik ve saraçlığın Elazığ’da yaygın olduğunu göstermektedir.
Elazığ şehrinde son yıllardaki nüfus artışı karşısında, şehrin 3 km. kadar doğusunda 424 hektarlık bir alanda kurulacak Doğukent’in inşasına 1985 yılında başlanmıştır. Tamamlandığında 16.500 konutun, ayrıca ticaret yerleri, sağlık, kültür, eğlence merkezleri, spor alanlarının bulunacağı projede kişi başına 14,5 m2 ’lik de yeşil alan öngörülmüştür. Şehirde son yıllarda eğitim ve öğretim faaliyetleri de gelişme göstermiştir. Fen ve Edebiyat fakültelerinin kuruluşu ile 1976’da açılan Fırat Üniversitesi’ne bugün beş fakülte, beş yüksek okul, üç enstitü bağlı bulunmaktadır. Elazığ günümüzdeki yerinde yeni bir şehir olduğu için bu kesimde tarihî eser yoktur. Fakat 1981’de şehrin belediye sınırları içine alınmış olan eski merkez Harput’ta, en önemlileri Artuklular’dan kalan Ulucami (551/1156), Alacalı Cami (600/1203-1204), Akkoyunlu dönemine ait (XV. yüzyıl) Sara Hatun Camii gibi çok sayıda mimari esere rastlanır.
Elazığ şehrinin merkezi olduğu Elazığ ili Malatya, Tunceli, Erzincan, Bingöl ve Diyarbakır illeriyle çevrilidir. Merkez ilçe dışında Ağın, Alacakaya, Arıcak, Baskil, Karakoçan, Keban, Kovancılar, Maden, Palu ve Sivrice olmak üzere on ilçeye ayrılmıştır. Sınırları içerisinde 546 köy bulunmaktadır. 9183 km2 genişliğindeki Elazığ ilinin 1990 sayımına göre nüfusu 498.225, nüfus yoğunluğu ise 54 idi. Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı’na ait 1993 yılı istatistiklerine göre Elazığ’da il ve ilçe merkezlerinde 150, bucak ve köylerde 655 olmak üzere toplam 805 cami bulunmaktadır. İl merkezindeki cami sayısı seksen dokuzdur.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
Düstur , Üçüncü tertip, Ankara 1936, XVII, 171.
Mahmut Sarıbeyoğlu, Aşağı Murat Bölgesinin Beşerî Coğrafyası , İstanbul 1951, s. 83-94.
Sırrı Erinç, Doğu Anadolu Coğrafyası , İstanbul 1953, s. 118-119.
Ümit Sergün, Uluova , İstanbul 1975, s. 66, 67, 68, 96-104.
Utkan Kocatürk, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi Kronolojisi (1918-1938) , Ankara 1983, s. 430, 567, 588.
Mecdi Emiroğlu, “Elazığ İlinin Nüfus Özellikleri”, Fırat Üniversitesi Coğrafya Sempozyumu (14-15 Nisan 1986) , Elazığ 1990, s. 63-85.
Mustafa Temizer, “Toplu Konut Uygulamaları ve Belediyeler”, a.e. , s. 243.
Erdoğan Akkan, “Elazığ ve Keban Barajı Çevrelerinde Coğrafya Araştırmaları”, Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi , sy. 5-6, Ankara 1972, s. 175-214.
Metin Tuncel, “Türkiye’de Yer Değiştiren Şehirler Hakkında Bir İlk Not”, İÜ Coğrafya Enstitüsü Dergisi , sy. 20-21, İstanbul 1974-77, s. 122, 123.
Sabri Çakır, “Elazığ’da Gecekondu Yerleşim ve Yayılma Sahası”, Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi , I-II, Elazığ 1987, s. 73-86.
Hilmi Karaboran, “Elazığ’da Endüstrileşme Faaliyetleri”, a.e. , III/2, Elazığ 1989, s. 141-199.
Besim Darkot, “El’aziz”, İA , IV, 223.
Maddenin bu bölümü TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 1994 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 10. cildinde, 552-554 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.