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el-MUVATTA’ Skip to content İmam Mâlik’in (ö. 179/795) sahih rivayetleri derlediği eseri.
Müellif, Medineli bazı âlimlerin hadis kitabından çok fıkıh kitabına benzeyen “el-Muvaṭṭaʾ” adlı çalışmalarını gördükten sonra Hz. Peygamber’in hadisleriyle birlikte Medine halkının uygulamasını (amel-i ehl-i Medîne) yansıtan sahâbe görüşlerini ve tâbiînin fetvalarını da toplamak üzere bu eseri kaleme almış ve ona el-Muvaṭṭaʾ (gözden geçirilip ayıklanan, kolayca anlaşılan, üzerinde fikir birliği edilen kitap) adını vermiştir. Ebû Ca‘fer el-Mansûr’un -ve daha sonra Mehdî-Billâh ile Hârûnürreşîd’in- eserin nüshalarını çoğaltıp ülkenin her yanına göndermek ve hukukî uygulamalarda esas alınmasını sağlamak istediğini söylemesi üzerine İmam Mâlik’in bunu doğru bulmadığı, İslâm toplumlarına dağılmış olan sahâbenin Resûl-i Ekrem’den öğrendikleri farklı uygulamaları rivayet ettiklerini ve oralarda bunların esas alındığını belirterek halifeyi bu düşüncesinden vazgeçirdiği bilinmektedir. Ebû Ca‘fer el-Mansûr’un teklifiyle telifine başlanıp 159’da (776) tamamlanan, kitab ve bab tertibinde tasnif edilen ilk eser olduğu belirtilen el-Muvaṭṭaʾın önceleri 10.000 (veya 4000) hadis ihtiva ettiği, İmam Mâlik’in eserini her yıl yeniden ele alıp ihtisar ederek bugünkü hale getirdiği (Kādî İyâz, I, 193) ve bu çalışmaların kırk yıl sürdüğü zikredilmiştir. el-Muvaṭṭaʾda yer alan rivayetler arasında tertip ve rivayet sayısı bakımından görülen farklar, o dönemde bu nevi metinlerin harfiyen istinsah edilmiş şekillerine az kıymet verilmesi ve bunları nakil işini üzerine alanların büyük bir serbestlikle hareket etmesi (İA, VII, 254) yüzünden değil bizzat musannifinin esere sürekli müdahalesi sebebiyle meydana gelmiştir.
Güvenilir râvilerden sahih hadisler alındığı için el-Muvaṭṭaʾı sahih kitaplar arasında sayanlar bulunduğu gibi onda mürsel, münkatı‘ ve belâğ türünden rivayetlerin yer aldığını belirtenler de vardır. İmam Mâlik ile onun görüşlerini benimseyenlere göre el-Muvaṭṭaʾdaki bütün hadisler sahihtir. Ma‘mer b. Râşid, İbn Ebû Zi’b, Süfyân es-Sevrî, Süfyân b. Uyeyne gibi hadis âlimleri, eserdeki mürsel ve münkatı‘ rivayetlerin başka tariklerle muttasıl olarak geldiğini ortaya koymak üzere yine el-Muvaṭṭaʾ adıyla eserler tasnif etmişlerdir. Mâlikî mezhebine mensup âlimler el-Muvaṭṭaʾa ilk sırada yer vermekle beraber onun Ṣaḥîḥayn’dan sonra geldiğini kabul etmişlerdir. Hadis kitaplarını beş kısma ayıran İbn Hazm’ın el-Muvaṭṭaʾa beşinci sırada yer vermesini isabetli bulmayan Zehebî, Ṣaḥîḥayn’dan hemen sonra gelen eserin Ebû Dâvûd ve Nesâî’nin es-Sünen’leriyle birlikte zikredilmesi gerektiğini söylemiştir (Aʿlâmü’n-nübelâʾ, XVIII, 203). İbn Abdülber en-Nemerî de el-Muvaṭṭaʾdaki mürsel, münkatı‘ ve mu‘dal hadislerin muttasıl senedleri bulunduğunu et-Temhîd’de göstermiş, orada “belaganî” ve “‘ani’s-sika” diye rivayet edilen altmış bir hadisten sadece dördünün senedlerini bulamamış, İbnü’s-Salâh ise onların da muttasıl olduğunu Risâle fî vaṣli’l-belâġāti’l-erbaʿa fi’l-Muvaṭṭaʾda ortaya koymuştur. Henüz Ṣaḥîḥayn’ın tasnif edilmediği bir dönemde İmam Şâfiî’nin, yeryüzünde Allah’ın kitabından sonra en sahih kitabın el-Muvaṭṭaʾ olduğunu söylemesi de bu görüşü desteklemektedir. Kütüb-i Sitte gibi hadis kitaplarının tasnifinde de bu eserin metodundan faydalanılmış, diğer taraftan Kütüb-i Sitte’nin altıncı kitabı sayılan İbn Mâce’nin es-Sünen’i yerine Kuzey Afrikalı âlimler el-Muvaṭṭaʾı kabul etmiştir.
Altmış bir kitaptan meydana gelen el-Muvaṭṭaʾda Ebû Bekir el-Ebherî’ye göre 600’ü müsned, 222’si mürsel, 613’ü mevkuf ve 285’i maktû olmak üzere toplam 1720 rivayet bulunmaktadır (Muhammed b. Abdülbâkī ez-Zürkānî, I, 7). Daha çok ahkâm hadislerini toplayan el-Muvaṭṭaʾı, İmam Mâlik’in fetva ve ictihadlarına yer verdiği, ayrıca diğer hadis kitaplarına benzemediği gerekçesiyle Ignaz Goldziher ve Carl Brockelmann’ın ileri sürdüğü gibi bir fıkıh kitabı saymak doğru değildir. Ahmed b. Hanbel ve İshak b. Râhûye el-Muvaṭṭaʾın en sahih senedlerinin Zührî – Sâlim – İbn Ömer tarikiyle rivayet edilenler olduğunu söylemiş, Buhârî ise Mâlik – Nâfi‘ – İbn Ömer tarikiyle gelen rivayetlerin hepsinden güvenilir kabul edildiğini belirterek bu isnada “silsiletü’z-zeheb” adını vermiştir. İslâm dünyasında büyük itibar gören eser Mâlikî mezhebinin çoğunlukla benimsendiği Kuzey Afrika’da ve Endülüs’te daha çok yayılmış, Ebû Bekir İbnü’l-Arabî’nin belirttiğine göre bu ülkelerdeki medreselerde ilk ezberletilen kitap olmuştur (DİA, XXII, 485).
Rivayetleri. el-Muvaṭṭaʾı İmam Mâlik’ten Muhammed b. Hasan eş-Şeybânî ve İmam Şâfiî gibi fakihlerin, Yahyâ b. Saîd el-Kattân ve Abdurrahman b. Mehdî gibi muhaddislerin, Hârûnürreşîd ile iki oğlu Emîn ve Me’mûn gibi halife ve emîrlerin de aralarında bulunduğu 1000’den fazla kişi rivayet etmiş, bilindiği kadarıyla bunlardan sekizi günümüze kadar gelmiştir. 1. İbn Ziyâd el-Absî rivayeti. İmam Mâlik’in görüşlerine daha çok yer veren bu rivayet muhtemelen el-Muvaṭṭaʾın ilk rivayeti olup günümüze ulaşan bir parçasını Muhammed eş-Şâzelî en-Neyfer Muvaṭṭaʾü’l-İmâm Mâlik: Ḳıṭʿa minhü bi-rivâyeti İbn Ziyâd adıyla yayımlamıştır (Tunus 1398/1978; Beyrut 1401/1980, 1402/1981, 1403/1982, 1404/1984). 2. Muhammed b. Hasan eş-Şeybânî rivayeti. Muvaṭṭaʾü’l-İmâm Muḥammed diye anılan bu rivayet Yahyâ b. Yahyâ el-Leysî nüshasından sonra en çok itibar gören rivayet olmuştur (Lahor 1211-1213; Ludhiana 1291-1292; Kazan 1909; nşr. Abdüvehhâb Abdüllatîf, Kahire 1382/1962, 1399/1979; aynı nâşir, ts., el-Mektebetü’l-ilmiyye; Leknev 1297 [Abdülhay el-Leknevî’nin et-Taʿlîḳu’l-mümecced ʿalâ Muvaṭṭaʾi Muḥammed’i ve hâmişinde Ali el-Kārî’nin Şerḥu’l-Muvaṭṭaʾı ile birlikte]; nşr. Takıyyüddinen-Nedvî, Dımaşk 1412/1991 [Leknevî’nin et-Taʿlîḳu’l-mümecced’i ile birlikte]). 3. İbnü’l-Kāsım rivayeti. İbnü’l-Kāsım’ın nüshası, el-Muvaṭṭaʾı bu nüshaya dayanarak el-Mülaḫḫaṣ limâ fi’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ mine’l-ḥadîs̱i’l-müsned (Muvaṭṭaʾü’l-İmâm Mâlik b. Enes, rivâyetü İbni’l-Ḳāsım ve telḫîṣü’l-Ḳābisî) (nşr. Muhammed b. Alevî el-Mâlikî, Cidde 1405/1985, 1408/1988) adıyla ihtisar eden Ebü’l-Hasan el-Kābisî’nin eseriyle birlikte günümüze ulaşmıştır. 4. İbn Vehb rivayeti. el-Muvaṭṭaʾü’l-kebîr adıyla İbn Vehb’e nisbet edilen ve Yahyâ b. Yahyâ el-Leysî rivayetine çok yakın olan eser İbn Vehb’in İmam Mâlik’ten rivayet ettiği nüsha olmalıdır. 5. Ka‘nebî rivayeti. el-Muvaṭṭaʾın rivayetleri arasında en çok hadis ihtiva edenidir (nşr. Abdülhafîz Mansûr, Tunus 1396; Küveyt 1392/1972; nşr. Abdülmecîd Türkî, Beyrut 1994, 1999, Süveyd b. Saîd el-Hadesânî rivayetiyle birlikte). 6. Yahyâ b. Abdullah b. Bükeyr el-Mahzûmî el-Kureşî rivayeti. İbn Tûmert el-Muvaṭṭaʾı bu rivayete dayanarak ihtisar ettiği için el-Muvaṭṭaʾü’l-İmâm el-Mehdî (nşr. Ignaz Goldziher, Cezayir 1905) diye de anılmaktadır (Aligarh 1907). 7. Yahyâ b. Yahyâ el-Leysî rivayeti. el-Muvaṭṭaʾın Mağrib’de, Endülüs’te ve bütün İslâm dünyasındaki en yaygın rivayeti ve üzerine en çok şerh yazılanıdır (Dehli 1216, 1293, 1307, 1320, 1323; Kahire 1280, 1339, 1343, 1348 [Tenvîrü’l-ḥavâlik ile]; I-II, 1359, 1370; Tunus 1280; Leknev 1297; Lahor 1307/1889, 1317; Fas 1310, 1318; Kazan 1310, 1328; Beyrut, ts. [Dârü’l-kütübi’l-ilmiyye]; nşr. Muhammed Fuâd Abdülbâkī, I-II, Kahire 1370-1371/1951; nşr. Ahmed Râtib Armûş, I-II, Beyrut 1390, 1404; nşr. Beşşâr Avvâd Ma‘rûf, I-II, Beyrut 1997). 8. Süveyd b. Saîd el-Hadesânî rivayeti (nşr. Abdülmecîd Türkî, Beyrut 1994-1995). 9. Ebû Mus‘ab rivayeti (nşr. Beşşâr Avvâd Ma‘rûf – Mahmûd Muhammed Halîl, I-II, Beyrut 1412/1992). Ebû Mus‘ab, el-Muvaṭṭaʾın en son râvilerinden biri olduğu için onun rivayetinde diğerlerinin çoğunda bulunmayan 100 kadar hadisin yer aldığı belirtilmiştir (DİA, X, 194).
Şerhleri. el-Muvaṭṭaʾ şârihlerinden Pîrîzâde İbrâhim, Ali el-Kārî, Kemâhî, Abdülhay el-Leknevî ve İbn Âşûr, Muhammed b. Hasan eş-Şeybânî rivayetini esas almışlar, diğer şârihler ise Yahyâ b. Yahyâ el-Leysî rivayetine dayanmışlardır. Ahmed b. Nasr ed-Dâvûdî’nin el-Muvaṭṭaʾı muhtasar bir şekilde şerhettiği en-Nâmî fî şerḥi’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (Fas Karaviyyîn Ktp., nr. 175), İbn Abdülber en-Nemerî’nin eserdeki merfû hadisleri otuz yıldan fazla bir sürede şerhettiği (a.g.e., XIX, 269-270) et-Temhîd limâ fi’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ mine’l-meʿânî ve’l-esânîd (nşr. Saîd Ahmed A‘râb v.dğr., I-XXVI, Tıtvân-Muhammediye 1387-1412/1967-1992), yine İbn Abdülberr’in et-Temhîd’e kısa bir giriş mahiyetindeki et-Teḳaṣṣî li-ḥadîs̱i’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ ve şüyûḫi’l-İmâm Mâlik (Tecrîdü’t-Temhîd limâ fi’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ mine’l-meʿânî ve’l-esânîd) (Kahire 1350/1931; Beyrut, ts. [Dârü’l-kütübi’l-ilmiyye]), et-Temhîd’in devamı niteliğinde olup el-Muvaṭṭaʾdaki mevkuf ve maktû hadisleri şerhettiği el-İstiẕkârü’l-câmiʿ li-meẕâhibi fuḳahâʾi’l-emṣâr ve ʿulemâʾi’l-aḳṭâr fîmâ teżammenehü’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ min meʿâni’r-reʾy ve’l-âs̱âr (Kahire 1971-1973; nşr. Abdülmu‘tî Emîn Kal‘acî, I-XXX, son iki cildi fihrist, Kahire 1414/1993), Ebü’l-Velîd el-Bâcî’nin el-İstîfâʾ adlı kendi geniş şerhini özetleyerek meydana getirdiği el-Münteḳā (I-VII, Kahire 1331-1332; Beyrut 1403), Ebû Bekir İbnü’l-Arabî’nin el-Münteḳā’nın hadis ilimleri açısından yetersiz gördüğü yanlarını tamamlamak üzere kaleme aldığı Kitâbü’l-Ḳabes fî şerḥi Muvaṭṭaʾi Mâlik b. Enes (nşr. Muhammed Abdullah Vüld Kerîm, I-III, Beyrut 1992. Ebû Bekir İbnü’l-Arabî’nin Kitâbü’l-Mesâlik fî şerḥi Muvaṭṭaʾi Mâlik’i neşre hazırlanmaktadır [Hasan Zeyn el-Filâlî, sy. 2 [1413/1993], s. 373]), Süyûtî’nin Tenvîrü’l-ḥavâlik (Kahire 1343, 1348, 1353, 1356; I-III, Beyrut 1408), Ali el-Kārî’nin Şerḥu’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (Leknev 1297), Pîrîzâde İbrâhim’in Şerḥu’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (el-Fetḥu’r-raḥmânî) (Konya Yusuf Ağa Ktp., nr. 173 Hadis), Muhammed b. Abdülbâkī ez-Zürkānî’nin Şerḥu’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (I-IV, Kahire 1279-1280, 1310, 1320, 1325, 1355, 1399; nşr. İbrâhim Atve İvaz, I-V, Kahire 1381-1382/1961-1962; I-IV, Beyrut 1407/1987, 1990), Osman b. Ya‘kūb el-İslâmbolî el-Kemahî’nin el-Müheyyeʾ fî keşfi esrâri’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (Süleymaniye Ktp., Kılıç Ali Paşa, nr. 260; Râgıb Paşa Ktp., nr. 327), Şah Veliyyullah ed-Dihlevî’nin el-Müsevvâ şerḥu (min eḥâdîs̱i)’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (Delhi 1876; I-II, Beyrut 1403/1983), aynı müellifin Farsça olarak kaleme aldığı el-Muṣaffâ min eḥâdîs̱i (fî şerḥi)’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (Delhi 1293/1876), Abdülhay el-Leknevî’nin et-Taʿlîḳu’l-mümecced ʿalâ Muvaṭṭaʾi Muḥammed (Hind 1292; nşr. Takıyyüddin en-Nedvî, I-III, Dımaşk 1412/1991), Muhammed Tâhir İbn Âşûr’un Keşfü’l-muġaṭṭâ fi’l-meʿânî ve’l-elfâẓi’l-vâḳıʿa fi’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (Cezayir 1972, 1975; Tunus 1396/1976) ve Muhammed Zekeriyyâ Kandehlevî’nin Evcezü’l-mesâlik ilâ Muvaṭṭaʾi Mâlik (I-XV, Kahire-Beyrut 1393-1394; Beyrut 1410/1989) adlı şerhleri burada anılabilir. Eserin Tefsîrü’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ adıyla yapılan şerhlerinin çoğu günümüze ulaşmamakla beraber III-V. (IX-XI.) yüzyıllarda aynı adla kaleme alınanların bir kısmı zamanımıza intikal etmiştir (a.g.e., sy. 2 [1413/1993], s. 373-374, 378).
Diğer Çalışmalar. Eser üzerinde yapılan çeşitli çalışmalar arasında İbnü’l-Hazzâ’nın seksen cüz olduğu söylenen Kitâbü’l-İstinbâṭ li-meʿâni’s-sünen ve’l-aḥkâm min eḥâdîs̱i’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (DİA, XXI, 81), İbn Tûmert’in el-Muvaṭṭaʾın Yahyâ b. Abdullah b. Bükeyr el-Mahzûmî rivayetini esas aldığı Muhâẕẕi’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (nşr. Ignaz Goldziher, Cezayir 1905; Muvaṭṭaʾü’l-İmâm el-Mehdî adıyla), Ebû Hâmid el-Beyyânî’nin Telḫîṣu eḥâdîs̱i’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (Fas Karaviyyîn Ktp., nr. 529), İbn Halfûn’un Telḫîṣu eḥâdîs̱i’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ adlı muhtasarları, Dârekutnî’nin Eḥâdîs̱ü’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ ve’ttifâḳu’r-ruvât ʿan Mâlik ve’ḫtilâfühüm ziyâdeten ve naḳṣan (nşr. İzzet Attâr el-Hüseynî, Kahire 1365/1946, M. Zâhid Kevserî’nin mukaddimesiyle birlikte), İbn Abdülber en-Nemerî’nin İmam Mâlik’in on yedi hocasından nakledildiği halde el-Muvaṭṭaʾın Yahyâ b. Yahyâ nüshasında yer almayan altmış dört rivayetini derlediği ez-Ziyâdât elletî lem teḳaʿ fi’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ ʿinde Yaḥyâ b. Yaḥyâ ve revâhâ ġayruhû fi’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ adlı risâlesi (et-Teḳaṣṣî’nin sonunda basılmıştır [yk.bk.]), Ahmed b. İmrân b. Selâme el-Ahfeş’in Tefsîrü Ġarîbi’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (Sezgin, I, 460), Kādî İyâz’ın, Ṣaḥîḥayn ile el-Muvaṭṭaʾdaki garîb kelimeleri açıklamak ve bu eserlerdeki hadislerin sened ve metinlerinde meydana gelen tashif ve tahrifleri, i‘rab hatalarını, takdim ve te’hirleri göstermek ve hatalı yazılan kelimeleri tashih etmek maksadıyla yazdığı Meşâriḳu’l-envâr ʿalâ ṣıḥâḥi’l-âs̱âr (I-II, Fas 1328; I-II, Tunus 1333; I-II, Kahire 1332-1333; nşr. Ahmed Yeken el-Bel‘amşî, I-II, Rabat 1403/1982), Muhammed b. Musallî’nin Levâmiʿu’l-envâr fî naẓmi ġarîbi’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ ve Müslim (İÜ Ktp., AY, nr. 3130), el-Muvaṭṭaʾın ricâli hakkında İbnü’l-Hazzâ’nın et-Taʿrîf bi-men ẕükire fî Muvaṭṭaʾi Mâlik b. Enes mine’r-ricâl ve’n-nisâʾ (Fas Karaviyyîn Ktp., nr. 118, 179, 993), Ebû Ali Ömer b. Ali b. Yûsuf el-Vüryağlî el-Osmânî er-Rîfî’nin Tertîbü’l-mesâlik li-ruvâti Muvaṭṭaʾi Mâlik (Mağrib’deki çeşitli nüshaları için bk. Hasan Zeyn el-Filâlî, sy. 2 [1413/1993], s. 373; Sezgin, I, 462), İbn Nâsırüddin’in İthâfü’s-sâlik bi-ruvâti’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ ʿan Mâlik (DİA, XX, 226), Süyûtî’nin İsʿâfü’l-mübeṭṭaʾ bi-ricâli’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (Dehli 1323/1905, el-Muvaṭṭaʾ ile birlikte, s. 277-326; Haydarâbâd 1320; Kahire 1356/1937; Beyrut, ts. [Dârü’l-kütübi’l-ilmiyye], el-Muvaṭṭaʾ ile birlikte, s. 549-614; nşr. Saîd el-Lahhâm, Beyrut 1408, el-Muvaṭṭaʾ ile birlikte; Mağrib 1412/1992, el-Muvaṭṭaʾ ile birlikte, s. 877-962), Ebü’l-Mehâsin el-Hüseynî’nin el-Muvaṭṭaʾın râvilerini de incelediği et-Teẕkire bi-maʿrifeti ricâli’l-kütübi’l-ʿaşere (a.g.e., XIX, 23), İbn Hacer el-Askalânî’nin aynı tarzda kaleme aldığı Taʿcîlü’l-menfaʿa bi-zevâʾidi ricâli’l-eʾimmeti’l-erbaʿa (a.g.e., XIX, 524) adlı eserleri burada zikredilebilir. Ricâlü’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ ismiyle yapılan çalışmaların pek çoğu günümüze ulaşmamıştır (Hasan Zeyn el-Filâlî, sy. 2 [1413/1993], s. 379). el-Muvaṭṭaʾ hadislerinin etrâf*ı hakkında Ebü’l-Abbas Ahmed b. Tâhir b. Ali’nin el-Îmâʾ ilâ eṭrâfi eḥâdîs̱i’l-İmâm Mâlik adlı müstakil eserinden başka (Köprülü Ktp., nr. 253) İbn Hacer el-Askalânî İtḥâfü’l-mehere bi-eṭrâfi’l-ʿaşere’de (DİA, XIX, 520), Abdülganî en-Nablusî Zeḫâʾirü’l-mevârîs̱ fi’d-delâleti ʿalâ mevâżıʿi’l-ḥadîs̱’te (I-IV, nşr. Mahmûd Rebî‘, Kahire 1352/1934) el-Muvaṭṭaʾın etrâfına yer vermiştir. el-Muvaṭṭaʾdaki müsned rivayetler üzerinde genellikle Müsnedü’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ, Müsnedü ḥadîs̱i (eḥâdîs̱i) Mâlik gibi adlarla III. (IX.) yüzyıldan itibaren Nesâî, Muhammed b. İshak es-Serrâc, İbn Müferric, İbn Şâhin, İbn Abdülber en-Nemerî, İbn Halfûn gibi âlimler tarafından birçok çalışma yapılmıştır (Hasan Zeyn el-Filâlî, sy. 2 [1413/1993], s. 382-383). Ebü’l-Kāsım İbn Asâkir’in Keşfü’l-muġaṭṭâ fî fażli’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (nşr. İzzet Attâr Hüseynî, Kahire 1373/1954; nşr. Muhammed Mutî‘ el-Hâfız, Beyrut-Dımaşk 1413/1992; nşr. Muhibbüddin Ebû Saîd Ömer b. Garâme el-Amravî, Beyrut 1415/1995), Alâî’nin Buġyetü’l-mültemes fî sübâʿiyyâti ḥadîs̱i’l-İmâm Mâlik b. Enes (nşr. Hamdî Abdülmecîd es-Selefî, Beyrut 1405/1985), İbn Hacer el-Askalânî’nin S̱ünâʾiyyâtü’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (İbn Hacer, I, 434; eserde İmam Mâlik’in iki râvi ile Hz. Peygamber’e veya sahâbeye ulaştığı 122 merfû ve mevkuf rivayet bir araya getirilmiştir), yine İbn Hacer’in el-Muvaṭṭaʾ nüshaları arasındaki farkları müsned tertibinde ele aldığı Ziyâdâtü baʿżi’l-muvaṭṭaʾât ʿalâ baʿż (Ezher Ktp., Mecmua, nr. 109, vr. 107-122), Muhammed b. Ali es-Senûsî el-İdrîsî’nin Muḳaddimetü Muvaṭṭaʾi’l-İmâm Mâlik (Kahire 1374; Beyrut 1388, müellifin Îḳāẓu’l-vesnân’ı ile birlikte) adlı eserleri anılabilir. Yakın zamanlarda Muhammed Habîbullah Şinkītî Delîlü’s-sâlik ilâ Muvaṭṭaʾi Mâlik adıyla bir manzume kaleme almış (Kahire 1340) ve bunu İḍâʾetü’l-ḥâlik min elfâẓı Delîli’s-sâlik ilâ Muvaṭṭaʾi’l-İmâm Mâlik ismiyle şerhetmiştir (Kahire 1354). Ali Abdüllatîf et-Taʿrîf bi-Kitâbi’l-Muvaṭṭaʾı (Kahire 1382), Süleyman Sâdık el-Bîre el-Muvaṭṭaʾ ve menhecü’l-İmâm Mâlik el-fıḳhî fîhi adlı yüksek lisans çalışmasını (1394, Câmiatü’l-İskenderiyye külliyyetü’l-âdâb kısmü’l-lugati’l-Arabiyye), Muhammed Alevî b. Abbas el-Mâlikî el-Hasenî Fażlü’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ ve ʿinâyetü’l-ümmeti’l-İslâmiyye bih adlı eserini (Kahire 1398), Nezîr Hamdân el-Muvaṭṭaʾ nüshaları arasındaki farkları, eserin metot ve özelliklerini, hadis ve fıkıh açısından değerini tesbit ettiği el-Muvaṭṭaʾât li’l-İmâm Mâlik: Dirâse naṣṣıyye muḳārene fî nüseḫihâ, iḫtilâfâtihâ’yı (Dımaşk 1412/1992) kaleme almıştır. Ayrıca Hâlid b. Cum‘a el-Harrâz ve Faysal b. Fâris eş-Şâmî’nin el-Muvaṭṭaʾ şerhlerinden et-Temhîd, el-Münteḳā, Tenvîrü’l-ḥavâlik ve Şerḥu’z-Zürḳānî’yi esas alarak hazırladıkları Fehârisü eḥâdîs̱i’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ ve mevâḍıʿuhâ fî şürûḥih (Riyad 1410/1990), Hammâdî el-Yûsufî’nin Merâsîlü’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ bi-rivâyeti Yaḥyâ b. Yaḥyâ el-Leysî (1982, Külliyyetü’z-Zeytûniyye li’ş-şerîati ve usûli’d-dîn), Hasan ez-Zeyn el-Filâlî’nin el-Muvaṭṭaʾ şerhlerinden yazma ve matbu olanlarla çeşitli kaynaklarda geçmekle beraber günümüze ulaşıp ulaşmadığı bilinmeyenleri tesbit etmeye çalıştığı makalesi (bk. bibl.) burada zikredilebilir. el-Muvaṭṭaʾ Ahmet M. Büyükçınar, Yaşar Erol, Ahmet Arpa, Durak Pusmaz ve Abdullah Yücel tarafından Türkçe’ye çevrilmiştir (I-II, İstanbul 1982; I-IV, İstanbul 1984).
BİBLİYOGRAFYA İmam Mâlik, el-Muvaṭṭaʾ (nşr. Takıyyüddin en-Nedvî), Dımaşk-Beyrut 1412/1991, I-III, Abdülfettâh Ebû Gudde’nin girişi, I, 7-30; Leknevî’nin girişi, I, 73-108; a.mlf., a.e. (nşr. Abdülmecîd Türkî), Beyrut 1999, neşredenin girişi, s. 5-12; Kādî İyâz, Tertîbü’l-medârik, I, 191-203; İbnü’s-Salâh, Risâle fî vaṣli’l-belâġāti’l-erbaʿa fi’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ (nşr. Ebü’l-Fazl Abdullah b. Muhammed b. Sıddîk – Abdülfettâh Ebû Gudde, Tâhir el-Cezâirî, Tevcîhü’n-naẓar [nşr. Abdülfettâh Ebû Gudde], II içinde), Halep 1416/1995, s. 911-937; Zehebî, Aʿlâmü’n-nübelâʾ, VIII, 52-54; XVIII, 203; İbn Hacer el-Askalânî, el-Mecmaʿu’l-müʾesses li’l-muʿcemi’l-müfehres (nşr. Yûsuf Abdurrahman el-Mar‘aşlî), Beyrut 1415/1994, I, 434; Keşfü’ẓ-ẓunûn, II, 1907-1908; Muhammed b. Abdülbâkī ez-Zürkānî, Şerḥu’z-Zürḳānî ʿalâ Muvaṭṭaʾi’l-İmâm Mâlik, Beyrut 1407/1987, I, 2-9; Abdülazîz ed-Dihlevî, Bustânü’l-muhaddisîn (trc. Ali Osman Koçkuzu), Ankara 1986, s. 17-66; Brockelmann, GAL, I, 185-186; Suppl., I, 297-299; J. Schacht, “Deux editions inconnues du Muwatta’”, Studi orientalistici in onore di Giorgio Levi Della Vida , Roma 1956, II, 477-492; M. M. Ebû Zehv, el-Ḥadîs̱ ve’l-muḥaddis̱ûn, Kahire 1378/1958, s. 245-259; M. Zubayr Sıddiqi, Hadîs Edebiyatı Tarihi (trc. Yusuf Ziya Kavakcı), İstanbul 1966, s. 33-34; Sezgin, GAS, I, 458-464; M. Zâhid Kevserî, Maḳālât (nşr. Râtib Hâkimî), Humus 1388, s. 97-102; Emîn el-Hûlî, “Muvaṭṭaʾü Mâlik”, Tİ, I, 263-275; M. Tâhir İbn Âşûr, Keşfü’l-muġaṭṭâ fi’l-meʿânî ve’l-elfâẓi’l-vâḳıʿa fi’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ , Tunus 1975, s. 5-47; Rif‘at Fevzî Abdülmuttalib, Kütübü’s-sünne, Kahire 1399/1979, s. 9-52; Muhammed b. Alevî el-Mâlikî, “Şübühât ḥavle’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ ve reddühâ”, Nedvetü’l-İmâm Mâlik, Fas 1400/1980, II, 101-158; Haldûn el-Ahdeb, Esbâbü iḫtilâfi’l-muḥaddis̱în, Cidde 1407/1987, II, 634-646; Muhyiddin Atıyye v.dğr., Delîlü’l-müʾel-lefâti’l-ḥadîs̱, Beyrut 1416/1995, II, 531-540; M. Muhtâr Vüld Ebbâh, Ḫulâṣatü’l-edille mine’t-tecrîd ve’ḫtiṣâri’t-Temhîd, Dârülbeyzâ 1420/1999, s. 13-22; M. Yūsuf Gurāyā, “Historical Background of the Compilation of the Muvaṭṭā’ of Mālīk b. Anas”, IS, VII/4 (1968), s. 379-392; Hasan ez-Zeyn el-Fîlâlî, “Bibliyoġrâfiyâ şürûḥi Muvaṭṭaʾi’l-İmâm Mâlik”, el-Muvâfaḳāt, sy. 2, Cezayir 1413/1993, s. 369-385; Vehbe ez-Zühaylî, “el-İmâm Mâlik ve kitâbühû el-Muvaṭṭaʾ”, a.e., sy. 2 (1413/1993), s. 408-421; Bedreddin el-Kettânî, “Dirâsât ʿan kitâbi’l-Muvaṭṭaʾ li’l-İmâm Mâlik raḍiyallāhü ʿanh”, Ḥavliyyâtü Külliyyeti’l-âdâb ve’l-ʿulûmi’l-insâniyye, sy. 2, Dârülbeyzâ 1985, s. 29-42; Abdel-Magid Turki, “Le Muvaṭṭa de Mâlik, ouvrage de fiqh, entre le ḥadîth et le ra’y, ou comment aborder l’étude du mâlikisme kairouanais au IV/Xe siècle”, St.I, LXXXVI (1997), s. 5-35; H. Lammens, “Mâlik b. Anas”, İA, VII, 253-254; İbrâhim Harekât, “Ebû Mus‘ab”, DİA, X, 194; Tayyar Altıkulaç, “Hüseynî, Ebü’l-Mehâsin”, a.e., XIX, 23; Leys Suûd Câsim, “İbn Abdülber en-Nemerî”, a.e., XIX, 269-270; M. Yaşar Kandemir, “İbn Hacer el-Askalânî”, a.e., XIX, 520, 524; a.mlf., “İbn Nâsırüddin”, a.e., XX, 226; Ahmet Özel, “İbnü’l-Hazzâ”, a.e., XXI, 81; a.mlf., “Îsâ b. Sehl”, a.e., XXII, 485.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2006 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 31. cildinde, 416-418 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.