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Mütevâtir Kıraatler Arası Telfîkin Namaza Etkisi Skip to content Yıl 2024, Sayı: 43, 85 – 116, 30.06.2024
Abdullah Çakır Fatma Çakır
https://doi.org/10.59777/ihad.1460284
Öz Kaynakça ʿAlâʾuddîn el-Buḫârî, Abdulazîz b. Aḥmed b. Muḥammed el-Ḥanefî. Keşfu’l-ʾesrâr şerḥu ʾUṣûli’l-Pezdevî. b.y.: Dâru’l-Kitâbi’l-İslâmî, ts. Âlu Teymiyye, Ebu’l-Berekât Mecduddîn ʿAbdisselâm b. ʿAbdillaḥ b. el-Ḥaḍr b. Muḥammed İbn Teymiyye el-Ḥarrânî. el-Muḥarrar. Riyad: Mektebetu’l-Meʿârif, 1404/1984. el-Bânî, Muhammed Saîd. ʾUmdetü’t-taḫḳîḳ fi’t-taḳlîd ve’t-telfîḳ. Dimaşk: Daru’l-Kadrî, 1997. Beyhaḳî, Ebû Bekr Aḥmed b. el-Ḥüseyin b. ʿAlî el-Ḫüsrevcirdî. es-Sünenü’l-kübrâ. thk. ʿAbdullâh et-Turkî. b.y.: Merkezu Hicr, 1432/2011. Buḫârî, Ebû ʿAbdullâh Muḥammed b. İsmâʿîl b. İbrâhîm. el-Câmiu's-sahîh. thk. Muṣṭafa Dîb el-Buġâ. 9 cilt. Dımaşk: Dâru İbn Kes̱îr; Dâru’l-Yemâme, 1414/1993. Buhûtî, Manṣûr b. Yûnus b. Ṣalâḥuddîn b. Ḥasen el-Ḥanbelî. Keşşâfu’l-kınâʿ ʿan metni’l-ʾiḳnâʿ. b.y.: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-ʿİlmiyye, ts. Cermî, İbrahim Muhammed. Muʿcemü ʿulûmi’l-Ḳur’ân. Dimeşk: Dâru’l-Kalem, 2001. Dânî, Ebû ʿAmr ʿOs̱mân b. 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The Effect of Talfîq Between Mutawâtir Recitations on Prayer Yıl 2024, Sayı: 43, 85 – 116, 30.06.2024
Abdullah Çakır Fatma Çakır
https://doi.org/10.59777/ihad.1460284
Öz The piecing together (talfîq) the recitations (the qirââts) of the Qur’an is a controversial issue in the sciences of the Qur’an recitation and the Islamic law (fiqh). Its effect on prayer is one of the legal dimensions of the discussion. The pronunciations in some Qur’anic recitations may come to be easy for a person compared to other Qur’anic recitations. For the reason of such easiness, the person may read certain verses by transferring to a recitation which is different from the recitation he started at the beginning of the prayer or if he studied the ten recitations of the Qur’an he may make the transition between different recitations by mistake. For the reason of above-mentioned transitions, the problem of the effect of talfîq on prayer occurs. This creates the need for research to clarify the issue. This need is one of the important reasons for writing this article. The article first examines the concept of transition or piecing together between different recitations (talfîq) in terms of the science of the Qur’anic recitation. After mentioning the opinions of the scholars of Qur’anic recitation, the article examines the concept of talfiq and its types. Talfîq between recitations means to read a Qur’anic verse according to one recitation, then continue its recitation accoding to another way of recitation. Talfîq can be done in three ways. These are talfîqs made by changing the letters or vowel marks of the words or just changing only its sounds. The scholars of Qur’anic recitation have disagreed on the ruling of talfîq between recitations. While some of them say that it is absolutely not permissible, others find it permissible on the condition that it does not distort the meaning of the Qur’an. However, the effect of talfîq on prayer is not mentioned in their opinions. The talfîq is divided into two in terms of its effect on prayer. They are talfiqs that may affect prayer or not affect it. The effect of talfiq on prayer depends on its effect on the meaning of the Qur’an. If it changes the meaning of the Qur’an in a way that contradicts it, this kind of the talfîq invalidates the prayer according to Hanafis. However, according to Maliki, Shafi’i and Hanbalis, if it changes the meaning of the Quran deliberately in a way that contradicts it, it invalidates the prayer, but if it is done by mistake, it does not invalidate the prayer. If the talfİq does not change the meaning of the Qur’an in a way that contradicts it, it does not invalidate the prayer because it does not lead a contradiction in meaning. However, since the talfîq creates a deficiency in prayer, the person who makes the talfîq commits a disapproved deed and a deficiency in his prayer. If this deficiency occurs in the wajib recitation, that person makes up this deficiency by performing prostration of forgetfulness at the end of the prayer. If the deficiency happens in the sunnah recitation, there is no need to perform the prostration of forgetfulness. The reason why talfîq which changes the meaning of the Qur’anic verse in a way that contradicts it invalidates the prayer is that the words pronounced in the prayer are taken the form of mundane words. Because a word can be either the Qur’an or a prayer or a dhikr. All the words other than these three types are mundane words. When the above-mentioned talfîqs at the level of letters, vowel mark and sounds are examined, it is seen that the talfîq at the level of sound does not change the meaning of the Qur’anic verse. It is observed that some of the talfiqs at the level of letter and vowel mark change the meaning of the recited Qur’anic verse while some others do not change its meaning. However, this change is not at a level that would contradict the meaning of the Qur’anic verse, but at a level that would create a deficiency in the meaning of the verse. For this reason, none of the types of talfîq invalidate the prayer. But some of them create a deficiency in prayer. As a result, it has been determined that the piecing together (talfîq) between mutawâtir recitations has a negative effect on the validity of prayer in some cases, but does not have a negative effect in some other cases. All of these provide an answer to a question that a person may encounter in his life of worship and help him to establish his relationship with God on a more solid basis. This is one of the benefits that makes this article important. While researching the subject, sources were obtained by using the documentation method, and the rulings were tried to be reached by examining particular samples and universal rules within the framework of the rulings of Islamic law by using inductive and deductive methods. By clarifying the rulings of the issue, the article aims to contribute to perform the prayers in a more healthy way.
Anahtar Kelimeler Islamic Law, Exegesis, Recitation, Qur’an, Prayer, Talfîq
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Mütevâtir Kıraatler Arası Telfîkin Namaza Etkisi Yıl 2024, Sayı: 43, 85 – 116, 30.06.2024
Abdullah Çakır Fatma Çakır
https://doi.org/10.59777/ihad.1460284
Öz Mütevâtir kıraatler arası telfîk kıraat ve fıkıh ilimlerinde tartışmalı bir konudur. Bunun namaza etkisi tartışmanın fıkhî boyutlarından birisidir. Kişi namazda kıraatler arası telfîk problemiyle karşılaşabilir. Çünkü bazı kıraatlerdeki okuyuşlar diğer kıraatlere göre kolay olabilmektedir. Mesela teshîle göre okuyan ve okumayan kıraat veya ibdâle göre okuyan ve okumayan kıraat arasında telaffuzda kolaylık açısından fark vardır. Kişi bu kolaylık sebebi ile namazda başladığı kıraatten farklı bir kıraate geçerek okuyabilir ya da Kırâat-i Aşere tahsili yapmışsa kıraatler arasında yanlışlıkla geçişler yapabilir. Söz konusu geçişler sebebiyle telfîkin namaza etkisi problem olarak karşımıza çıkar. Bu da konunun açıklığa kavuşturulması için araştırılma ihtiyacını doğurur. Bu ihtiyaç makalenin yazılmasının önemli saiklerindendir. Makale başta kıraat âlimlerinin kıraatler arası telfîke bakışlarına değinerek konunun kıraat ilmindeki yönünü açıklar. Kıraat âlimleri mütevâtir kıraatler arası telfîkte ihtilaf etmişlerdir. Bazısı mutlak olarak kıraatler arası telfîki caiz görmezken bazısı ise anlamı değiştirmediği ve telfîk edilen kıraati başka bir imama dayandırmadığı takdirde caiz görmektedir. Kıraat âlimlerinin görüşlerine değinildikten sonra makale telfîk kavramı ve onun türlerini inceler. Kıraatler arası telfîk, âyet bir kıraate göre okunmaya başlanmışken başka kıraate geçerek okumayı devam ettirmektir. Telfîk üç şekilde yapılabilir. Bunlar, kelimenin harflerini veya harekelerini ya da sadece seslerini değiştirerek yapılan telfîktir. Kıraat âlimleri mütevâtir kıraatler arası telfîkin hükmünde ihtilaf etmişlerdir. Bir kısmı mutlak caiz değil derken diğer bir kısmı Kur’ân’ın manasını bozmama şartı ile caiz görmüştür. Ancak telfîkin namaza tesirine değinilmemiştir. Telfîk namaza tesir açısından namaza tesir eden ve etmeyen diye ikiye ayrılır. Telfîkin namaza etkisi onun Kur’ân’ın manasına etki etmesine bağlıdır. Şayet Kur’ân’ın manasını ona muhalif olacak şekilde değiştiriyorsa Hanefîlere göre o telfîk namazı bozar. Ancak Mâlikî, Şâfiî ve Hanbelîlere göre kasten yapılmışsa namazı bozarken hata ile yapılmışsa namazı bozmaz. Telfîk Kur’ân’ın manasını ona muhalif bir şekilde değiştirmezse muhalif bir manaya sebebiyet vermediği için namazı bozmaz. Lakin manasında bir eksiklik meydana getirdiği için telfîki yapan kişi kerahet işlemiş ve namazında bir eksiklik meydana getirmiş olur. Bu eksiklik vacib kıraatte olmuşsa o kimse sehiv secdesi yaparak bu eksikliği giderir. Sünnet olan kıraatte olmuşsa sehiv secdesine gerek olmaz. Telfîkin okunan âyetin manasını ona muhalif olacak şekilde değiştirmesinin namazı bozmasının sebebi telaffuz edilen lafızların dünya kelamı hükmünü almasıdır. Çünkü bir lafız ya Kur’ân ya dua ya da zikirdir. Bunların dışında kalan lafızlar dünya kelamıdır. Yukarda zikredilen harf, hareke ve ses düzeyinde telfîkler incelendiğinde ses düzeyinde olduğu yani usulî telfîkin âyetin manasını değiştirmediği görülür. Harf ve hareke düzeyindeki yani ferşî telfîklerden bazısının okunan âyetin manasını değiştirdiği, bazısının da değiştirmediği mülahaza edilir. Fakat bu değişiklik Kur’ân’ın manasına muhalif olacak seviyede değil, âyetlerin manasında bir eksiklik ve düşüklük oluşturacak seviyededir. Bu sebeple telfîk türlerinin hiçbirisi namazı bozmaz. Fakat bazısı namazda eksiklik oluşturur. Netice olarak mütevâtir kıraatler arası telfîkin bazı durumlarda namazın sıhhatine zarar verdiği, bu durumlar dışında namazın sıhhatine bir zarar vermediği tespit edilmiştir. Makale bu konuları inceleyerek kişinin ibadet hayatında karşılaşabileceği bir sorunun cevabını verir ve kulun Allah ile ilişkisini daha sağlam zemine oturtmasına vesile olur. Bu da makaleyi önemli kılan hususlardandır. Konu araştırılırken dokümantasyon metodu kullanılarak kaynaklar elde edilmiş, tümevarım ve tümdengelim yöntemi ile tikel ve tümel meseleler fıkhî kurallar çerçevesinde incelenerek şer’î delillerden hükümlere ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Makalede söz konusu konular işlenerek namazın daha sağlıklı ifa edilmesine katkı sunmak hedeflenmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler İslam Hukuku, Tefsir, Kıraat, Kur’ân, Namaz, Telfîk
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Ḥuccetu’l-kırâʾât. b.y.: y.y., ts. İbnu’r-Rifʿa, Ebû’l-ʿAbbâs Necmuddîn Aḥmed b. Muḥammed b. ʿAlî el-Enṣârî. Kifâyetu’n-nebîh fî şerḥi’t-Tenbîh. thk. Mecdî Muḥammed Surûr Bâsallûm. b.y.: y.y., 2009. İbnü’l-Cezerî, Ebü’l-Ḫayr Şemsüddîn b. el-Cezerî Muḥammed. en-Neşr fi’l-kırâʾâti’l-ʿaşr. b.y.: y.y., ts. İbnü’l-Cezerî, Muhammed b. Muhammed b. Muhammed. Manẓûmetü’l-muḳaddime. thk. Eymen Rüşdi Süveyd. el-Memleketi’l-Arabiyyeti’s-Suûdiyye: Daru Nuri’l-Mektebât, 2006. Ḳudûrî, Ebû’l-Ḥuseyn Aḥmed b. Ebî Bekr Muḥammed b. Aḥmed. Muḫtaṣaru’l-Ḳudûrî. thk. Kâmil Muḥammed Muḥammed ʿUveyḍa. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-ʿİlmiyye, 1418/1997. Mâlikî, Nevâf Saîd Ivad. “Cemʿu’l-ḳırâât ve terkîbuhâ ve mevḳıfu’l-fuḳahâʾ ve’l-ḳurrâʾ minhüma”. Mecelletü’l-Camiatü’l-Irakiyye 3/46 (ts.), 51-67. Mersafî, Abdulfettah b. es-Seyyid. Hidâyetü’l-ḳârî ilâ tecvîdi’l-kelâmi’l-Barî. el-Medinetü’l-Münevvere: Mektebetün Tayyibe, ts. Maşalı, Mehmet Emin. Tarihi ve Temel Meseleleriyle Kıraat İlmi. Ankara: Otto, 2022. Mâverdî, Ebû’l-Ḥasen ʿAlî b. Muḥammed el-Baṣrî. el-Ḥâvî’l-kebîrE. thk. eş-Şeyḫ ʿAlî Muḥammed Meʿûḍ, eş-Şeyḫ ʿÂdil Aḥmed ʿAbdulmevcûd. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-ʿİlmiyye, 1419-1999. Mâzerî, Ebû ʿAbdullâh Muḥammed b. ʿAlî eṣ-Ṣıkillî. Şerḥu’t-telḳîn. thk. Muḥammed el-Muḫtâr es-Selâmî. b.y.: y.y., 2008. Merğînânî, Ebu’l-Ḥasen ʿAlî b. Ebû Bekir el-Ferğânî. el-Hidâye fî şerḥi Bidâyeti’l-mübtedî. thk. Ṭallâl Yûsuf. Beyrut: Dâru İḥyâi’t-Turâs̱i’l-ʿArabî, ts. Nevevî, Ebû Zekeriyyâ Muḥyiddîn Yaḥyâ b. Şeref. el-Mecmuʿ şerḥu’l-Muheẕẕeb. b.y.: y.y., ts. Paluvî, Hâmid b. Abdülfettâh. Zübdetü’l-ʿirfân. İstanbul: Şirketi Sahafiyye-i Osmaniyye, ru.1312/m.1896. Râfiʿî, Ebû’l-Ḳâsım ʿAbdulkerîm b. Muḥammed b. ʿAbdulkerîm el-Ḳazvînî. el-ʿAzîz şerḥu’l-Vecîz. thk. ʿAlî Muḥammed ʿAvḍ, ʿÂdil Aḥmed ʿAbdulmevcûd. Beyrut: y.y., 1417/1997. Ruʿaynî, Ebû ʿAbdullah Muḥammed b. Muḥammed. Mevâhibu’l-celîl fî şerḥi Muḫtaṣari Ḫalîl. b.y.: Dâru’l-Fikr, 1412/1992. ʿRûyânî, Ebû’l-Meḥâsin Faḫrulislâm ʿAbdulvâḥid b. İsmâʿîl b. Aḥmed er-Rûyânî eṭ-Ṭaberî. Baḥru’l-meẕheb. thk. Ṭârıḳ Fetḥî es-Seyyid. b.y.: y.y., 2009. Seraḫsî, Muḥammed b. Aḥmed b. Ebî Sehl Şemsü’l-ʾEimme. el-Mebsûṭ. thk. Ḫalîl Muḥyiddîn el-Meyyis. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Maʿrife, 1414/1993. Süleymâni, Âişe bint Hüseyn. “Ḥukmü ḳırââti’l-Ḳurʿâni’l-kerîm bi’t-telfîḳ- Dirase Tahliliyye”. Mecelletü Dirâsâti’l-İslâmiyye ve’l-Buhûsi’l-Âkâdimiyye 68/1 (Nisan 2016), 493-534. Şahin Çaykaravî, Ali. el-Münezzel fi’l-ḳıraati’l-ʿaşr min ṭariḳayi’t-teysîr ve’t-taḥbîr. İstanbul: Hayrat Neşriyat, 2016. Şan, Lokman. Molla Halil Siirdî’nin Kıraatlere Yaklaşımı. Diyarbakır: Dicle Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2020. Şîrâzî, Ebû İsḥâḳ İbrâhîm b. ʿAlî. el-Muheẕẕeb. b.y.: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-ʿİlmiyye, ts. Tahirov, Sayit. İslam Hukukunda Telfîk. Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans, 2016. file:///C:/Users/Pc/Downloads/446762.pdf Temel, Nihat. Kırâat ve Tecvid Istılahları. İstanbul: İFAV, 2020. Ünal, Mehmet. Kur’ân’ın Anlaşılmasında Kıraat Farklılıklarının Rolü. İstanbul: Hacıveyiszade İlim ve Kültür Vakfı Yayınları, 2019. Zemaḫşerî, Ebû’l-Ḳâsım Maḥmûd b. Ömer. el-Keşşâf ʿan haḳâîḳı ğavâmiḍi’t-tenzîl. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kitâbi’l-ʿArabî, 1407. Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular İslam Hukuku Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri Yazarlar Abdullah Çakır Hitit Üniversitesi, İlahiyat Fakültesi 0000-0002-2514-3855 Türkiye
Fatma Çakır HİTİT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İLAHİYAT FAKÜLTESİ 0000-0002-4595-7792 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 11 Haziran 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 43
Kaynak Göster APA Çakır, A., & Çakır, F. (2024). Mütevâtir Kıraatler Arası Telfîkin Namaza Etkisi. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi (43 ), 85-116. https://doi.org/10.59777/ihad.1460284 AMA Çakır A, Çakır F. Mütevâtir Kıraatler Arası Telfîkin Namaza Etkisi. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi. Haziran 2024;(43):85-116. doi:10.59777/ihad.1460284 Chicago Çakır, Abdullah, ve Fatma Çakır. “Mütevâtir Kıraatler Arası Telfîkin Namaza Etkisi”. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 43 (Haziran 2024): 85-116. https://doi.org/10.59777/ihad.1460284. EndNote Çakır A, Çakır F (01 Haziran 2024) Mütevâtir Kıraatler Arası Telfîkin Namaza Etkisi. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi 43 85–116. IEEE A. Çakır ve F. Çakır, “Mütevâtir Kıraatler Arası Telfîkin Namaza Etkisi”, İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi , sy. 43, ss. 85–116, Haziran 2024, doi: 10.59777/ihad.1460284. ISNAD Çakır, Abdullah – Çakır, Fatma. “Mütevâtir Kıraatler Arası Telfîkin Namaza Etkisi”. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi 43 (Haziran 2024), 85-116. https://doi.org/10.59777/ihad.1460284. JAMA Çakır A, Çakır F. Mütevâtir Kıraatler Arası Telfîkin Namaza Etkisi. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi . 2024;:85–116. MLA Çakır, Abdullah ve Fatma Çakır. “Mütevâtir Kıraatler Arası Telfîkin Namaza Etkisi”. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 43, 2024, ss. 85-116, doi:10.59777/ihad.1460284. Vancouver Çakır A, Çakır F. Mütevâtir Kıraatler Arası Telfîkin Namaza Etkisi. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2024(43):85-116.
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