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İrtidad Hadiseleri Bağlamında Yemâme Bölgesinin İslâm’a İntibak Süreci Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 66 Sayı: 66, 161 – 189, 30.06.2024
Elif Kübra Aslandoğdu
https://doi.org/10.15370/maruifd.1490081
Öz The incidents of apostasy and rebellion that occurred towards the end of the Prophet’s life had a significant impact on Islamic society during Abu Bakr’s caliphate. In Islamic sources, the wars that Abu Bakr fought to ensure peace in the peninsula are generally mentioned under the title of riddah wars. However, it is not very accurate to define all rebellion movements as “ridda”. Just as the rebellions had different reasons, not all disobedient societies accepted Islam. Even if some tribes did not accept Islam, they were under the political sovereignty of the Islamic State of Medina because they made a jizya agreement. The departures from the authority that were seen in the following periods occurred either in the form of not wanting to give zakat, the idea that the agreement ended with the death of the Prophet, or the support of people who claimed to be prophets. This study discusses the impact of Musaylima, who claimed prophethood and led a rebellion movement, on the Islamization process in the Yamama region. Musaylima ibn Habib’s support from his tribe posed a challenge to the survival of the state, and this study analyzes how it affected the process of Islamization. In the article, it was evaluated how the people of Yamama met Islam for the first time, to what extent the society integrated into the new religion, and why they supported a figure who claimed to be a prophet in a very short time. Just as Hevze b. Ali, the Christian ruler of Yamama, whom the Prophet had previously invited to Islam, offered the condition of being a partner in the administration to accept the invitation; the fact that Musaylima wanted to be included in the prophetic position as the leader of his tribe and that he fought in line with this goal underlines that Yamama is one of the most resilient regions of the peninsula. Based on the above-mentioned issues, this study aims to contribute to new research in terms of showing that the Islamization process contains various balance elements within itself and is an investigation of both the individual and the region.
Anahtar Kelimeler Islamic History, Sirah, Abu Bakr, Yamama, Musaylima, Khalid ibn al-Walid, Apostasy, Rebellion
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İrtidad Hadiseleri Bağlamında Yemâme Bölgesinin İslâm’a İntibak Süreci Yıl 2024, Cilt: 66 Sayı: 66, 161 – 189, 30.06.2024
Elif Kübra Aslandoğdu
https://doi.org/10.15370/maruifd.1490081
Öz Hz. Peygamber’in hayatının son zamanlarında baş gösteren irtidad ve isyan hadiseleri, Hz. Ebû Bekir’in halifelik sürecinde İslâm toplumunu ciddi mahiyette etkisi altına almıştır. Kaynaklarda Hz. Ebû Bekir’in yarımadadaki sükûneti sağlamak adına yaptığı savaşlar genellikle ridde savaşları başlığı altında zikredilmektedir. Bununla birlikte isyan hareketlerinin tamamını “ridde” şeklinde tanımlamak çok isabetli görünmemektedir. Ayaklanmaların birbirinden farklı sebepleri olduğu gibi, itaatsizlik gösteren toplumların tamamının da İslâmiyet’e dahil olmaları söz konusu değildi. Zira bazı kabileler İslâm’ı kabul etmeseler dahi cizye anlaşması yaptıkları için Medine İslâm Devleti’nin siyasî egemenliği altındaydılar. İlerleyen zamanlarda görülen otoriteye başkaldırılar ise, zekâtın verilmek istenmemesi veya Hz. Peygamber’in vefatıyla anlaşmanın sona erdiği düşüncesi yahut da peygamberlik iddiasıyla ortaya çıkan kimseleri destekleme şeklinde tezahür etmiştir. Bu çalışmada peygamberlik iddiasıyla ortaya çıkan, kabilesi Benî Hanîfe’den aldığı destekle devletin bekasını zora sokan bir isyan hareketinin önderliğini yapan Müseylime b. Habîb’in Yemâme bölgesinin İslâm’a intibak sürecini nasıl ve ne yönde etkilediği ele alınmaktadır. Makalede Yemâmelilerin İslâm’la ilk tanışmalarının nasıl gerçekleştiği, toplumun yeni dine entegrasyonunun ne oranda olduğu, çok kısa bir zaman dilimi içerisinde peygamberliğe ortaklık iddiasında bulunan bir kimseye neden destek verdikleri hususları değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Daha öncesinde Hz. Peygamber’in İslâm’a çağırdığı Yemâme’nin Hristiyan yöneticisi Hevze b. Alî’nin, daveti kabul etmek için yönetime ortak edilme şartını sunduğu gibi Müseylime’nin de kabilesinin lideri olarak peygamberlik makamına ortak edilmeyi istemesi ve bu hedefi doğrultusunda mücadele vermesi aslında Yemâme’nin yarımadanın en dirençli bölgelerinden biri olduğunun altını çizmektedir. Zikredilen hususlardan hareketle bu çalışma İslâmlama intibak sürecinin kendi içinde çeşitli denge unsurlarını barındırdığını göstermesi ve hem şahıs hem de bir bölge incelemesi olması açısından yapılacak yeni araştırmalara katkı sağlayacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler İslâm Tarihi, Siyer, Ebû Bekir, Yemâme, Müseylime, Hâlid b. Velîd, İrtidat, İsyan
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Vilâyetü’l Yemâme: Dirâse fi’l-hayâti’l-iktisâdiyye ve’l-ictimâiyye hattâ nihâyeti’l-karni’ŝ-ŝâliŝi’l-hicrî. Riyad: Mektebetü’l-Melik Abdülaziz el-A’mme, 1992. Nüveyrî, Şihabüddin Ahmed b. Abdülvahhab. Nihâyetü’l-Ereb fî Fünûni’l-Edeb. Beyrut-Lübnan: Dâru’l Kütübi’l-İlmiyye, 2004. Önkal, Ahmet. “Müseylimetülkezzâb”. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 32:90-91. İstanbul: TDV Yay. Shoufani. Elias S. Al-Riddah and the Muslim Conquest of Arabia. University of Toronto Press, 1973. Shoufany, Elias. “Hz. Ebû Bekir Döneminde Elde Edilen Başarılar”. çev. Ahmet Turan Yüksel, Murat Ak. İstem, sy 6 (2005): 281-90. Taberî, Ebû Ca’fer Muhammed b. Cerîr (ö. 310/923). Câmi’’l-Beyân An Te‘vîli Âyi’l-Kur’ân. thk. Beşşâr A. Ma’ruf. 7 cilt. Beyrût: Müessesetü’r-Risâle, 1994. Taberî, Ebû Cafer Muhammed b. Cerîr (ö. 310/923). Târîhu’l-Ümem ve’l-Mülûk. thk. Muhammed Ebû’l Fadl İbrahim. Beyrût-Lübnan: Dâru’s-Süveydân, 1983. Üçok, Bahriye. İslam’dan Dönenler ve Yalancı Peygamberler. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basım Evi, 1967. Vâkıdî, Ebû Abdillah Muhammed b. Ömer (207/ 823). Kitâbu’r-Ridde. Beyrût: Dâru’l-Garbu’l İslâmî, 1990. Watt, W. Montgomery. Hz. Muhammed Medine’de. çev. Süleyman Kalkan. İstanbul: KURAMER, 2016. Wilkinson, John C. Ibâdism: Origins and Early Development in Oman. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. Yâkût el-Hamevî, Ebû Abdillâh Şihâbuddîn Yâkût b. Abdullah (ö. 626/1229). Mu‘cemu’l-Buldân. 5 cilt. Beyrut: Dâru Sâdır, 1977. Ya‘kûbî, Ebû’l-Abbâs Ahmed b. Ebî Ya‘kūb İshâk b. Ca’fer. Tarîhu’l-Yakûbî. thk. Abdülemîr Mehnâ. 2 cilt. Beyrût: eş-Şeriketu’l-Âlemî, 2010. Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti, İslam Tarihi Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Elif Kübra Aslandoğdu Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi 0000-0001-9191-5502 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Mayıs 2024 Kabul Tarihi 5 Haziran 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 66 Sayı: 66
Kaynak Göster Chicago Aslandoğdu, Elif Kübra. “İrtidad Hadiseleri Bağlamında Yemâme Bölgesinin İslâm’a İntibak Süreci”. Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 66, sy. 66 (Haziran 2024): 161-89. https://doi.org/10.15370/maruifd.1490081.
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