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SOIL LIQUEFACTION HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF DALAMAN RESIDENTIAL AREA Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 72 – 81, 30.06.2024
Orkun Türe Ergun Karacan
https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.1452122
Öz Sıvılaşma olgusu 1964 Alaska ve Niigata Depremlerinden sonra önem kazanmış ve dünya çapında çalışılmaya başlanmıştır. Tektonik açıdan son derece aktif bir kuşakta yer alan Türkiye bir çok yıkıcı depreme maruz kalmıştır. Dalaman, gelecekte bu tür yıkıcı depremlere yol açabilecek aktif genişlemeli tektonik rejimin kontrolü altındaki GB Anadolu’da yer almaktadır. Ayrıca, Dalaman yerleşim alanını sedimanter çökellerin üzerinde bulunduğu için Dalaman yerleşim alanındaki toprak zeminlerin sıvılaşma yatkınlıklarının belirlenmesi, gerekli önlemlerin alınması açısından önemli bir çalışmadır. Sıvılaşma analizleri Mw=5.5 ve Mw=7.5 olmak üzere iki deprem senaryosuna göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada yöntem olarak Standart Penetrasyon Deneyi darbe sayıları bazlı basitleştirilmiş metod kullanılmış ve de sonuçlara göre Dalaman yerleşim alanının sıvılaşma açısından büyük tehlike altında olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sıvılaşabilir zeminlerin çoğu kumdur ve alanın orta kısmını oluşturur. Havzanın kuzey kısmı çakıllardan oluşmakta olup, çoğunlukla kum ve siltlerden oluşan güney kısmına göre daha güvenlidir. M=7,5 deprem senaryosunda yerleşim bölgesinin nüfusu dikkate alındığında yaklaşık 40.000 kişi tehlike altındadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler Deprem, Sıvılaşma, Basitleştirilmiş Yöntem, Dalaman
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Türe, O. “Determination of the geo-engineering properties and liquefaction potential of the Quaternary deposits of Dalaman-Muğla/SW Anatolia”, PhD Dissertation, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, 2023, 417p AFAD “Türkiye Deprem Tehlike Haritası”, 2018. Gül, M., Salihoğlu, R., Dinçer, F., and Darbaş, G. “Coastal geology of Iztuzu Spit (Dalyan, Muğla, SW Türkiye)”. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 151, 173-183, 2019. Tosun, L., Avşar, U., Avşar, Ö., Dondurur, D., and Kaymakcı, N. “Active tectonics and kinematics of Fethiye-Göcek Bay, SW Türkiye: Insight about the eastern edge of Pliny-Strabo Trenches” Journal of Structural Geology,145, 104287, 2021. Emre, Ö., Duman, T.Y., Özalp, S., Elmacı, H., Olgun, Ş. ve Şaroğlu, F., (2013) Açıklamalı Türkiye Diri Fay Haritası. Ölçek 1:1.250.000, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Özel Yayın Serisi-30, Ankara-Türkiye. ISBN: 978-605-5310-56-1. 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DTCF Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi. 1988. cilt.32, ss.319-328. Doğu, A. F. “Köyceğiz-Dalaman Ovaları ve Çevresinin Jeomorfolojisi.” Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik Araştırma Kurumu: Matematik, Fizik ve Biyolojik Bilimler Araştırma Grubu. Proje= TBAG-563. 1986. Yalçıner, A. C., Kuran, U., Minoura, K., Imamura, F., Takahashi, T., Papadopoulos, G., Ersoy, Ş. “Türkiye Kıyılarında Depreşim Dalgası (Tsunami) İzleri” Türkiye Mühendislik Haberleri (430), 50, 2005. Papadopoulos, G., Minoura, K., Imamura, F., Kuran, U., Yalçiner, A., Fokaefs, A., and Takahashi, T. “Geological evidence of tsunamis and earthquakes at the Eastern Hellenic Arc: correlation with historical seismicity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea” Research in Geophysics, 2(2), e12, 2012. Youd, T. Leslie, and Steven K. Noble. "Magnitude scaling factors." Proc., NCEER Workshop on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils. National Center for Earthquake Engineering, Research, Buffalo, NY, 1997. TBDY, “Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği: Deprem Etkisi Altında Binaların Tasarım için Esaslar”, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, Ankara, 2018. Mase, L. Z., Tanapalungkorn, W., Likitlersuang, S., Ueda, K., and Tobita, T. “Liquefaction analysis of Izumio sands under variation of ground motions during strong earthquake in Osaka, Japan”. Soils and Foundations, 62(5), 101218, 2022. AFAD ”Türkiye Deprem Tehlike Haritaları, İnteraktif Web Uygulamaları” (https://tdth.afad.gov.tr/TDTH/main.xhtml) Ozdemir, G., Işık, N. S., Koçkar, M. K. and Gültekin, N. “Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği-2018 İle Uyumlu Basitleştirilmiş Zemin Sıvılaşma Potansiyeli Analizi Ve Sıvılaşma Sonrası Oturma, Yanal Deformasyon, Kayma Dayanımı Kaybı ve Kapak Tabakası Etkisi Hesap Cetveli Programı (V-2)”, 2021. Ozdemir, G., Işık, N. S., Koçkar, M. K. and Gültekin, N. “Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği-2018 İle Uyumlu Basitleştirilmiş Zemin Sıvılaşma Potansiyeli Analizi Ve Sıvılaşma Sonrası Oturma, Yanal Deformasyon, Kayma Dayanımı Kaybı ve Kapak Tabakası Etkisi Hesap Cetveli Programı kullanma kılavuzu (V-2)”, 2021. Iwasaki, T., Arakawa, T., and Tokida, K. “Simplified procedures for assessing soil liquefaction during earthquakes.” Proceedings of the Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Southampton, UK, 925−939, 1982. Sönmez, H. and Gokçeoglu, C. “A liquefaction severity index suggested for engineering practice”, Environmental Geology, 48(1), 81 – 91, 2005. Çakır, E., Çetin, K. Ö., Eyigün, Y. and Gökçeoğlu, C. “Soil liquefaction manifestations at Hatay Airport after the February 6 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Sequence” 9th Geotechnical Symposium. İstanbul, 2023. MSKÜ Department of Civil Engineering “6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremleri: Pazarcık (Mw=7,7) and Elbistan (Mw=7,6) Ön Değerlendirme Raporu”
SOIL LIQUEFACTION HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF DALAMAN RESIDENTIAL AREA Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 72 – 81, 30.06.2024
Orkun Türe Ergun Karacan
https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.1452122
Öz The Phenomenon of Liquefaction gained importance after the 1964 Alaska and Niigata Earthquakes, and it has started to be studied worldwide. Türkiye, located in a very tectonically active zone, has been exposed to many devastating earthquakes. Dalaman is located in SW Anatolia which is under the control of active extensional tectonic regime that may generate such devastating earthquakes in the future. Moreover, because the Dalaman residential area is located on sedimentary deposits, determination of the liquefaction susceptibilities of the soils in the region is an important task to take essential precautions. Analyses have been performed according to two earthquake scenarios with magnitudes Mw=5.5 and Mw=7.5. Standard Penetration Test blow number-based simplified procedure has been used in the analyses and it has been seen that Dalaman residential area is highly susceptible to liquefaction. Most of the liquefiable soils are sands and they make the central part of the area. The northern part of the basin is formed of gravels and safer compared to the southern part, which is formed mostly of sands, silts and clays. Considering the population of the residential area approximately 40.000 people are under danger in case of a M=7.5 earthquake scenario.
Anahtar Kelimeler Earthquake, Liquefaction, Simplified Procedure, Dalaman
Etik Beyan Authors state that the manuscript entitled "SEISMIC SOIL LIQUEFACTION HAZARD OF DALAMAN RESIDENTIAL AREA" is original and has not been submitted or published partially or completely in another journal, book, electronic media etc.
Teşekkür This article has been produced as a part of Orkun TÜRE’s PhD thesis entitled “Determination of the Geo-Engineering Properties and Liquefaction Potential of the Quaternary Deposits of Dalaman-Muğla/SW Anatolia”. The authors would like to thank Muğla Metropolitan Municipality, Dalaman Municipality and site investigation companies (Ufuk Mühendislik, Alfa Mühendislik, Erdem Yerbilimleri, Şahin Mühendislik, Durak Mühendislik and Etüt Mühendislik) who shared any kind of documents including borehole logs, laboratory testing results, in-situ test results with us and/or supervised us during our study.
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Pavlides, S., Chatzipetros, A., Valkaniotis (2008) Active faults of Greece and Surroundings. 33rd International Geological Congress, Oslo. Seed H.B. and Idriss I.M., “Simplified procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential”. J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., ASCE 97, 1249-1273, 1971. Seed, R. B., Çetin, K. O., Moss, R. E. S., Kammerer, A. M., Wu, J., Pestana, J. M., Reimer, M. F., Sancio, R. B., Bray, J. D., Kayen, R. E. and Faris, A. “Recent advances in soil liquefaction engineering: A unified and consistent framework” Kenote presentation, 26th Annual ASCE Los Angeles Goetechnical Spring Seminar, Long Beach, CA. 2003. Bray, J. D., and Sancio, R. B “Assessment of the liquefaction susceptibility of fine-grained soils” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 32 (9): 1165–1177, 2006. Doğu, A. F. “Köyceğiz-Dalaman Çevresinde Tarihi Yerleşme Alanlarının Jeomorfolojik Birimlerle İlişkisi (Güneybatı Anadolu)”. A.Ü. DTCF Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi. 1988. cilt.32, ss.319-328. Doğu, A. F. “Köyceğiz-Dalaman Ovaları ve Çevresinin Jeomorfolojisi.” Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik Araştırma Kurumu: Matematik, Fizik ve Biyolojik Bilimler Araştırma Grubu. Proje= TBAG-563. 1986. Yalçıner, A. C., Kuran, U., Minoura, K., Imamura, F., Takahashi, T., Papadopoulos, G., Ersoy, Ş. “Türkiye Kıyılarında Depreşim Dalgası (Tsunami) İzleri” Türkiye Mühendislik Haberleri (430), 50, 2005. Papadopoulos, G., Minoura, K., Imamura, F., Kuran, U., Yalçiner, A., Fokaefs, A., and Takahashi, T. “Geological evidence of tsunamis and earthquakes at the Eastern Hellenic Arc: correlation with historical seismicity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea” Research in Geophysics, 2(2), e12, 2012. Youd, T. Leslie, and Steven K. Noble. "Magnitude scaling factors." Proc., NCEER Workshop on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils. National Center for Earthquake Engineering, Research, Buffalo, NY, 1997. TBDY, “Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği: Deprem Etkisi Altında Binaların Tasarım için Esaslar”, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, Ankara, 2018. Mase, L. Z., Tanapalungkorn, W., Likitlersuang, S., Ueda, K., and Tobita, T. “Liquefaction analysis of Izumio sands under variation of ground motions during strong earthquake in Osaka, Japan”. Soils and Foundations, 62(5), 101218, 2022. AFAD ”Türkiye Deprem Tehlike Haritaları, İnteraktif Web Uygulamaları” (https://tdth.afad.gov.tr/TDTH/main.xhtml) Ozdemir, G., Işık, N. S., Koçkar, M. K. and Gültekin, N. “Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği-2018 İle Uyumlu Basitleştirilmiş Zemin Sıvılaşma Potansiyeli Analizi Ve Sıvılaşma Sonrası Oturma, Yanal Deformasyon, Kayma Dayanımı Kaybı ve Kapak Tabakası Etkisi Hesap Cetveli Programı (V-2)”, 2021. Ozdemir, G., Işık, N. S., Koçkar, M. K. and Gültekin, N. “Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği-2018 İle Uyumlu Basitleştirilmiş Zemin Sıvılaşma Potansiyeli Analizi Ve Sıvılaşma Sonrası Oturma, Yanal Deformasyon, Kayma Dayanımı Kaybı ve Kapak Tabakası Etkisi Hesap Cetveli Programı kullanma kılavuzu (V-2)”, 2021. Iwasaki, T., Arakawa, T., and Tokida, K. “Simplified procedures for assessing soil liquefaction during earthquakes.” Proceedings of the Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Southampton, UK, 925−939, 1982. Sönmez, H. and Gokçeoglu, C. “A liquefaction severity index suggested for engineering practice”, Environmental Geology, 48(1), 81 – 91, 2005. Çakır, E., Çetin, K. Ö., Eyigün, Y. and Gökçeoğlu, C. “Soil liquefaction manifestations at Hatay Airport after the February 6 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Sequence” 9th Geotechnical Symposium. İstanbul, 2023. MSKÜ Department of Civil Engineering “6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremleri: Pazarcık (Mw=7,7) and Elbistan (Mw=7,6) Ön Değerlendirme Raporu” Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil İngilizce Konular Deprem Mühendisliği, İnşaat Geoteknik Mühendisliği, Mühendislik Jeolojisi, Uygulamalı Jeoloji Bölüm Articles Yazarlar Orkun Türe MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ, JEOLOJİ MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ 0000-0002-7708-3903 Türkiye
Ergun Karacan MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ, JEOLOJİ MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ 0000-0002-6583-4861 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 17 Mayıs 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1
Kaynak Göster APA Türe, O., & Karacan, E. (2024). SOIL LIQUEFACTION HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF DALAMAN RESIDENTIAL AREA. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 10(1), 72-81. https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.1452122 AMA Türe O, Karacan E. SOIL LIQUEFACTION HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF DALAMAN RESIDENTIAL AREA. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. Haziran 2024;10(1):72-81. doi:10.22531/muglajsci.1452122 Chicago Türe, Orkun, ve Ergun Karacan. “SOIL LIQUEFACTION HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF DALAMAN RESIDENTIAL AREA”. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology 10, sy. 1 (Haziran 2024): 72-81. https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.1452122. EndNote Türe O, Karacan E (01 Haziran 2024) SOIL LIQUEFACTION HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF DALAMAN RESIDENTIAL AREA. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology 10 1 72–81. IEEE O. Türe ve E. Karacan, “SOIL LIQUEFACTION HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF DALAMAN RESIDENTIAL AREA”, Mugla Journal of Science and Technology , c. 10, sy. 1, ss. 72–81, 2024, doi: 10.22531/muglajsci.1452122. ISNAD Türe, Orkun – Karacan, Ergun. “SOIL LIQUEFACTION HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF DALAMAN RESIDENTIAL AREA”. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology 10/1 (Haziran 2024), 72-81. https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.1452122. JAMA Türe O, Karacan E. SOIL LIQUEFACTION HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF DALAMAN RESIDENTIAL AREA. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology . 2024;10:72–81. MLA Türe, Orkun ve Ergun Karacan. “SOIL LIQUEFACTION HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF DALAMAN RESIDENTIAL AREA”. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, c. 10, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 72-81, doi:10.22531/muglajsci.1452122. Vancouver Türe O, Karacan E. SOIL LIQUEFACTION HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF DALAMAN RESIDENTIAL AREA. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. 2024;10(1):72-81.
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