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Comparison of the Macroeconomic Performance of European Union Countries and Hungary with the TOPSIS Method Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 212 – 229, 30.06.2024
Abdullah Kılıçarslan Mustafa Çağrı Sucu
Öz Bu çalışmada Avrupa Birliği ve Macaristan’ın makroekonomik performansları 1980-2021 verileri üzerinden TOPSİS yöntemi kullanılarak karşılaştırılmaktadır. Makroekonomik performansın değerlendirilmesinde GSYİH büyümesi (yıllık, %), tüketici fiyat enflasyonu (yıllık, %), işsizlik oranı ve cari işlemler dengesi (GSYİH’ya oran olarak) verileri kriter olarak kullanılmıştır. Kriterler, NMD yöntemi ve dört makroekonomik performans göstergesi kullanılarak ağırlıklandırılmıştır. TOPSİS sıralama sonuçları ağırlıklandırma değerlerine göre ilgili dönemler için ayrı ayrı hesaplanmış ve sıralama sonuçları Copeland yöntemi kullanılarak entegre sıralama sonuçlarına dönüştürülmüştür. Sıralama sonuçları arasındaki ilişkiler SPSS 26 programı kullanılarak Spearman korelasyonu ile analiz edilmiş ve aralarındaki ilişkinin düzeyi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada Macaristan’ın en başarılı performansın üretildiği 2017 ve 2021 yılları bağlamında AB ülkeleri ile uyumlu performans gösterdiği, en düşük performansın üretildiği 1991 yılı bazında ise AB ülkelerinden negatif yönde farklılaştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler Makroekonomik Performans, Avrupa Birliği, Macaristan, TOPSİS Yöntemi
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Resources Policy, 57, 30–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2018.01.002 Bağcı, H. and Sarıay, İ. (2021). Halka Açık Piyasa Değeri Ve Piyasa Değerinin İşletme Performansındaki Rolü: BİST Halka Arz Endeksi’nde Bir Uygulama. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 13(24), 36-54. https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.880613 Baydaş, M., Yılmaz, M., Jović, Ž., Stević, Ž., Özuyar, S.E.G. and Özçil, A. (2024). A comprehensive MCDM assessment for economic data: Success analysis of maximum normalization, CODAS, and fuzzy approaches. Financial Innovation, 10(105), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-023-00588-x Bekeris, R. (2012). The Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators Upon Sme’s Profitability. Ekonomika, 91(3), 117-128. https://doi.org/10.15388/Ekon.2012.0.883 Benlialper, A., Cömert, H. and Düzçay, G. (2016). 2002 Sonrası Türkiye Ekonomisinin Performansı Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. Metu Studies in Development, 43, 65-110. https://avesis.metu.edu.tr/yayin/059ebe7c-2ce3-44f3-875f-4bdb5e1e97e2/2002-sonrasi-turkiye-ekonomisinin-performansi-karsilastirmali-bir-analiz Bulut, Tevfik. (2017). RPubs – Normalize Edilmiş Maksimum Değerler [NMD] Metodu. https://rpubs.com/tevfik1461/nmd Cazacu, C.E.B. and Bărbută-Mişu, N. (2023). The Relationship between the Budgetary Fiscal Policy and Macroeconomic Indicators, a Comparative Study of Germany-France versus Romania-Bulgaria. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 17(1), 948–958. https://doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2023-0086 Chee, S., Cheng, F.F. and Nassir, A. (2015). Macroeconomics Determinants of Sovereign Credit Ratings. International Business Research, 8(2), 42-50. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n2p42 Chitsaz, N. and Banihabib, M.E. (2015). Comparison of Different Multi Criteria Decision-Making Models in Prioritizing Flood Management Alternatives. Water Resources Management, 29(8), 2503–2525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-015-0954-6 DEİK. (2011). Macaristan Bülten 2011 – DEİK | Dış Ekonomik İlişkiler Kurulu. https://www.deik.org.tr/ulke-bultenleri-macaristan-bulten-2011 Demir, A.G. and Bakirci, F. (2014). OECD üyesi ülkelerin ekonomik etkinliklerinin veri zarflama analiziyle ölçümü. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 28(2), 109-132. Didenko, І. . and Yefimenko, A.Y. (2023). Evaluation of the integral indicator of macroeconomic stability. Economics and Law, 1 (68), 84-92. https://doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2023.01.084 Dinçer, S. (2011). Multi-criteria Analysis of Economic Activity for European Union Member States and Candidate Countries: TOPSIS and WSA Applications. European Journal of Social Sciences, 21(4), 563-572. Ela, M. and Kurt, H.S. (2019). Comparison of Macroeconomic Performances of Sub-Saharan African Countries with TOPSIS Method. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(3), 547-555. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gumus/issue/49667/475131 Elma, O.E. (2023). Prioritizing wholesale companies based on their financial performance: A multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(Özel Sayı), 1-14. Enu, P., Havi, E. and Attah-Obeng, P. (2013). Impact of Macroeconomıc Factors On Foreign Direct Investment In Ghana: A Cointegratıon Analysis. European Scientific Journal, 9, 1857–7881. Eren, T., Abali, Y.A. and Kutlu, B.S. (2012). Çok Ölçütlü Karar Verme Yöntemleri İle Bursiyer Seçimi: Bir Eğitim Kurumunda Uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(3–4), 259-272. Eurostat. (2022). New Data Navigation Tree. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database Eyüboğlu, K. (2017). Türk Dünyasında Yer Alan Ülkelerin Makro Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması. 83, 331–350. Fritz, M. and Koch, M. (2016). Economic development and prosperity patterns around the world: Structural challenges for a global steady-state economy. Global Environmental Change, 38, 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.02.007 Genc, T. and Urfalioğlu, F. (2013). Çok kriterli karar verme teknikleri ile Türkiye’nin ekonomik performansının Avrupa birliği üye ülkeleri ile karşılaştırılması. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 35(2), 329-360. Güran, M. and Tosun, M. (2015). Türkiye ekonomisinin makro ekonomik performansı: 1951-2003 dönemi için parametrik olmayan bir ölçüm. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 60(4), 89-115. Hu, D., Zhong, C., Ge, H., Zou, Y. and Li, C. (2022). How Regional High-Quality Co-Ordinated Development Influences Green Technology Choices: Evidence from 284 Cities in China. LAND, 11(7), 1111. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11071111 Hwang, C.L. andYoon, K. (1981). Methods for Multiple Attribute Decision Making. In C.-L. Hwang & K. Yoon (Eds.), Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications A State-of-the-Art Survey (pp. 58–191). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48318-9_3 Karabulut, K., Ersungur, Ş. M. and Polat, Ö. (2010). Avrupa birliği ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin ekonomik performanslarının karşılaştırılması: veri zarflama analizi. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1), 1-11. Kiral, Y. and Esen, U.B. (2013). Avrupa Birliği’ne Üye Ülkeler ile Türkiye’ nin Ekonomik Özelliklerinin İstatistiksel Yöntemlerle İncelenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(1), 173-188. Kizil, E. (2019). Borsada İşlem Gören Şirketlerin Finansal Performansları ile Borsa Performansları Arasındaki İlişki: BİST Taş, Toprak Endeksindeki Çimento Firmaları Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 51-67. Knox Lovell, C.A., Pastor, J. T. and Turner, J.A. (1995). Measuring macroeconomic performance in the OECD: A comparison of European and non-European countries. European Journal of Operational Research, 87(3), 507–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(95)00226-X Kyereboah‐Coleman, A. and Agyire‐Tettey, K.F. (2008). Impact of macroeconomic indicators on stock market performance: The case of the Ghana Stock Exchange. The Journal of Risk Finance, 9(4), 365–378. https://doi.org/10.1108/15265940810895025 Önder, E., Taş, N. and Hepşen, A. (2015). Economic Performance Evaluation of Fragile 5 Countries after the Great Recession of 2008-2009 Using Analytic Network Process and TOPSIS Methods. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 5(1), 1-17. Öztürk, Z. and Bayramoglu, M. F. (2018). Üyelik Sürecinde Türkiye’nin Makroekonomik Performansının Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri ile Karşılaştırılması. International Congress on Afro – Eurasian Research Iv – April 27-29, 2018 / Budapest, 314-322. Pal, K. and Mittal, R. (2011). Impact of macroeconomic indicators on Indian capital markets. The Journal of Risk Finance, 12(2), 84–97. https://doi.org/10.1108/15265941111112811 Pulay, G. and Simon, J. (2020). Measuring the Macroeconomic Performance of Public Finance Management. Public Finance Quarterly, 65(1), 23–43. Ramanathan, R. (2006). Evaluating the comparative performance of countries of the Middle East and North Africa: A DEA application. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 40(2), 156–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2004.10.002 Ritenour, S. (2023). The Economics of Prosperity: Rethinking Economic Growth and Development. In The Economics of Prosperity. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://www.elgaronline.com/monobook/book/9781788117791/9781788117791.xml Sevgin, H. and Kundakcı, Y. (2017). TOPSIS ve MOORA Yöntemleri ile Avrupa Birliği’ne Üye Olan Ülkelerin ve Türkiye’nin Ekonomik Göstergelere Göre Sıralanması. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(3), 87-108. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.417281 Sharma, G.D. and Joshi, M. (2015). Impact of Macro Economic Indicators on FDI Inflows in Emerging Economies: Evidence from BRICS. Journal of Global Economics, Management and Business Research, 4(1), 44-54, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2690821 Shih, H.S., Shyur, H.J. and Lee, E. S. (2007). An extension of TOPSIS for group decision making. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 45(7), 801–813 TCMB (2022). TCMB – Finansal İstikrar Raporu – Kasım 2022, Sayı 35. https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Yayinlar/Raporlar/Finansal+Istikrar+Raporu/2022/Sayi+35/ Topcu, B.A.and Oralhan, B. (2019). Türkiye Ve OECD Ülkeleri’nin Temel Makroekonomik Göstergeler Açısından Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri İle Karşılaştırılması. Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(14), 260–277. Tuncay, M. and Dorjnaran, B. (2023). The interaction between socially responsible investment and macroeconomic indicators in the developing countries. Pressacademia, 16, 133–137. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2023.1677 Tzeng, G.H. and Huang, J.J. (2011). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications. Chapman and Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/b11032 Uludağ, A.S. and Ümit, A.Ö. (2020). Türk Dünyası Ülkelerinin Katma Değerli Üretim ve Makroekonomik Performanslarının DEMATEL ve COPRAS Yöntemleriyle Analizi. Sosyoekonomi, 28(45), 139-164. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2020.03.09 Valaskova, K. and Nagy, M. (2023). Macro-Economic Development of the Eu Countries in the Context of Performance and Competitiveness of Smes. Busıness Management And Economıcs Engıneerıng, 21(1), 124–139. https://doi.org/10.3846/bmee.2023.18958 World Bank. (2022). Indicators | Data. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ Yapa, K., Durmus, M., Tayyar, N. and Akbulut, İ. (2023). Comparison of the European Union Countries and Turkey’s Macroeconomic Indicators with Best Worst Method. In Research Anthology on Macroeconomics and the Achievement of Global Stability (pp. 675–690). https://www.igi-global.com/gateway/chapter/www.igi-global.com/gateway/chapter/310860 Yildiz, Ü.and Günsoy, B. (2017). Macroeconomics Determinants of Sovereign Credit Ratings: Panel Data Analysis. 8(11), 118-125.
Comparison of the Macroeconomic Performance of European Union Countries and Hungary with the TOPSIS Method Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 212 – 229, 30.06.2024
Abdullah Kılıçarslan Mustafa Çağrı Sucu
Öz Macroeconomic data are the key indicators for assessing economic development and effective use of country resources for both local and foreign investors. In this respect, the macroeconomic performance of the countries determines the future of many economic and financial factors. In this study, the macroeconomic performances of the European Union and Hungary are compared using the TOPSIS method over the 1980-2021 data. GDP growth (annual, %), consumer price inflation (annual, %), unemployment rate and current account balance (as a percentage of GDP) data were used as criteria to evaluate macroeconomic performance. The criteria were weighted using the NMD method and four macroeconomic performance indicators. TOPSIS ranking results were calculated separately for the relevant periods in accordance with the weighting values, and the ranking results were converted into integrated ranking results using the Copeland method. The relationships between the ranking results were analyzed with Spearman correlation using SPSS 26 program and the level of relationship between them was tried to be determined. In the study, it has been concluded that Hungary performed in line with EU countries in the context of 2017 and 2021, when the most successful performance was produced, and differed negatively from EU countries on the basis of 1991, when the lowest performance was produced.
Anahtar Kelimeler Macroeconomic Performance, European Union, Hungary, TOPSIS Method
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Metu Studies in Development, 43, 65-110. https://avesis.metu.edu.tr/yayin/059ebe7c-2ce3-44f3-875f-4bdb5e1e97e2/2002-sonrasi-turkiye-ekonomisinin-performansi-karsilastirmali-bir-analiz Bulut, Tevfik. (2017). RPubs – Normalize Edilmiş Maksimum Değerler [NMD] Metodu. https://rpubs.com/tevfik1461/nmd Cazacu, C.E.B. and Bărbută-Mişu, N. (2023). The Relationship between the Budgetary Fiscal Policy and Macroeconomic Indicators, a Comparative Study of Germany-France versus Romania-Bulgaria. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 17(1), 948–958. https://doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2023-0086 Chee, S., Cheng, F.F. and Nassir, A. (2015). Macroeconomics Determinants of Sovereign Credit Ratings. International Business Research, 8(2), 42-50. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n2p42 Chitsaz, N. and Banihabib, M.E. (2015). Comparison of Different Multi Criteria Decision-Making Models in Prioritizing Flood Management Alternatives. 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Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(3), 547-555. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gumus/issue/49667/475131 Elma, O.E. (2023). Prioritizing wholesale companies based on their financial performance: A multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(Özel Sayı), 1-14. Enu, P., Havi, E. and Attah-Obeng, P. (2013). Impact of Macroeconomıc Factors On Foreign Direct Investment In Ghana: A Cointegratıon Analysis. European Scientific Journal, 9, 1857–7881. Eren, T., Abali, Y.A. and Kutlu, B.S. (2012). Çok Ölçütlü Karar Verme Yöntemleri İle Bursiyer Seçimi: Bir Eğitim Kurumunda Uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(3–4), 259-272. Eurostat. (2022). New Data Navigation Tree. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database Eyüboğlu, K. (2017). Türk Dünyasında Yer Alan Ülkelerin Makro Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması. 83, 331–350. Fritz, M. and Koch, M. (2016). Economic development and prosperity patterns around the world: Structural challenges for a global steady-state economy. Global Environmental Change, 38, 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.02.007 Genc, T. and Urfalioğlu, F. (2013). Çok kriterli karar verme teknikleri ile Türkiye’nin ekonomik performansının Avrupa birliği üye ülkeleri ile karşılaştırılması. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 35(2), 329-360. Güran, M. and Tosun, M. (2015). Türkiye ekonomisinin makro ekonomik performansı: 1951-2003 dönemi için parametrik olmayan bir ölçüm. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 60(4), 89-115. Hu, D., Zhong, C., Ge, H., Zou, Y. and Li, C. (2022). How Regional High-Quality Co-Ordinated Development Influences Green Technology Choices: Evidence from 284 Cities in China. LAND, 11(7), 1111. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11071111 Hwang, C.L. andYoon, K. (1981). Methods for Multiple Attribute Decision Making. In C.-L. Hwang & K. Yoon (Eds.), Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications A State-of-the-Art Survey (pp. 58–191). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48318-9_3 Karabulut, K., Ersungur, Ş. M. and Polat, Ö. (2010). Avrupa birliği ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin ekonomik performanslarının karşılaştırılması: veri zarflama analizi. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1), 1-11. Kiral, Y. and Esen, U.B. (2013). Avrupa Birliği’ne Üye Ülkeler ile Türkiye’ nin Ekonomik Özelliklerinin İstatistiksel Yöntemlerle İncelenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(1), 173-188. Kizil, E. (2019). Borsada İşlem Gören Şirketlerin Finansal Performansları ile Borsa Performansları Arasındaki İlişki: BİST Taş, Toprak Endeksindeki Çimento Firmaları Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 51-67. Knox Lovell, C.A., Pastor, J. T. and Turner, J.A. (1995). Measuring macroeconomic performance in the OECD: A comparison of European and non-European countries. European Journal of Operational Research, 87(3), 507–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(95)00226-X Kyereboah‐Coleman, A. and Agyire‐Tettey, K.F. (2008). Impact of macroeconomic indicators on stock market performance: The case of the Ghana Stock Exchange. The Journal of Risk Finance, 9(4), 365–378. https://doi.org/10.1108/15265940810895025 Önder, E., Taş, N. and Hepşen, A. (2015). Economic Performance Evaluation of Fragile 5 Countries after the Great Recession of 2008-2009 Using Analytic Network Process and TOPSIS Methods. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 5(1), 1-17. Öztürk, Z. and Bayramoglu, M. F. (2018). Üyelik Sürecinde Türkiye’nin Makroekonomik Performansının Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri ile Karşılaştırılması. International Congress on Afro – Eurasian Research Iv – April 27-29, 2018 / Budapest, 314-322. Pal, K. and Mittal, R. (2011). Impact of macroeconomic indicators on Indian capital markets. The Journal of Risk Finance, 12(2), 84–97. https://doi.org/10.1108/15265941111112811 Pulay, G. and Simon, J. (2020). Measuring the Macroeconomic Performance of Public Finance Management. Public Finance Quarterly, 65(1), 23–43. Ramanathan, R. (2006). Evaluating the comparative performance of countries of the Middle East and North Africa: A DEA application. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 40(2), 156–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2004.10.002 Ritenour, S. (2023). The Economics of Prosperity: Rethinking Economic Growth and Development. In The Economics of Prosperity. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://www.elgaronline.com/monobook/book/9781788117791/9781788117791.xml Sevgin, H. and Kundakcı, Y. (2017). TOPSIS ve MOORA Yöntemleri ile Avrupa Birliği’ne Üye Olan Ülkelerin ve Türkiye’nin Ekonomik Göstergelere Göre Sıralanması. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(3), 87-108. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.417281 Sharma, G.D. and Joshi, M. (2015). Impact of Macro Economic Indicators on FDI Inflows in Emerging Economies: Evidence from BRICS. Journal of Global Economics, Management and Business Research, 4(1), 44-54, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2690821 Shih, H.S., Shyur, H.J. and Lee, E. S. (2007). An extension of TOPSIS for group decision making. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 45(7), 801–813 TCMB (2022). TCMB – Finansal İstikrar Raporu – Kasım 2022, Sayı 35. https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Yayinlar/Raporlar/Finansal+Istikrar+Raporu/2022/Sayi+35/ Topcu, B.A.and Oralhan, B. (2019). Türkiye Ve OECD Ülkeleri’nin Temel Makroekonomik Göstergeler Açısından Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri İle Karşılaştırılması. Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(14), 260–277. Tuncay, M. and Dorjnaran, B. (2023). The interaction between socially responsible investment and macroeconomic indicators in the developing countries. Pressacademia, 16, 133–137. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2023.1677 Tzeng, G.H. and Huang, J.J. (2011). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications. Chapman and Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/b11032 Uludağ, A.S. and Ümit, A.Ö. (2020). Türk Dünyası Ülkelerinin Katma Değerli Üretim ve Makroekonomik Performanslarının DEMATEL ve COPRAS Yöntemleriyle Analizi. Sosyoekonomi, 28(45), 139-164. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2020.03.09 Valaskova, K. and Nagy, M. (2023). Macro-Economic Development of the Eu Countries in the Context of Performance and Competitiveness of Smes. Busıness Management And Economıcs Engıneerıng, 21(1), 124–139. https://doi.org/10.3846/bmee.2023.18958 World Bank. (2022). Indicators | Data. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ Yapa, K., Durmus, M., Tayyar, N. and Akbulut, İ. (2023). Comparison of the European Union Countries and Turkey’s Macroeconomic Indicators with Best Worst Method. In Research Anthology on Macroeconomics and the Achievement of Global Stability (pp. 675–690). https://www.igi-global.com/gateway/chapter/www.igi-global.com/gateway/chapter/310860 Yildiz, Ü.and Günsoy, B. (2017). Macroeconomics Determinants of Sovereign Credit Ratings: Panel Data Analysis. 8(11), 118-125. Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil İngilizce Konular Finans Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri Yazarlar Abdullah Kılıçarslan AKSARAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ESKİL MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, YÖNETİM VE ORGANİZASYON BÖLÜMÜ 0000-0002-7251-9990 Türkiye
Mustafa Çağrı Sucu Bir kuruma bağlı değildir 0000-0001-5124-4046 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 28 Haziran 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1
Kaynak Göster APA Kılıçarslan, A., & Sucu, M. Ç. (2024). Comparison of the Macroeconomic Performance of European Union Countries and Hungary with the TOPSIS Method. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 212-229.
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