Moisture-Dependent Physical and Aerodynamics Properties of Cowpea Seeds

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 21 – 34, 30.06.2024

Olufemi Adetola Adenike Mary Marvelous Lawal

https://doi.org/10.46592/turkager.1378321

Öz

This study focuses on the significant impact of moisture content on the engineering properties of cowpea seeds, which is vital for designing effective agricultural tools, equipment, and machines. We specifically examined two cowpea seed varieties, SAMPEA-16 and SAMPEA-14, across different moisture levels (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% wb). Our findings show distinct variations in the physical characteristics of these seeds as the moisture content changes. For both SAMPEA-16 and SAMPEA-14, we observed changes in average length, width, and thickness at each moisture level. At moisture contents ranging from 10% to 30% wb, the dimensions for SAMPEA-16 were 11.20 mm by 9.10 mm by 8.61 mm, gradually changing to 10.60 mm by 8.80 mm by 8.50 mm, and for SAMPEA-14, they ranged from 8.30 mm by 6.50 mm by 6.50 mm to 8.40 mm by 6.50 mm by 6.40 mm. Significantly, the 1000 seed mass for SAMPEA-16 increased from 302.30 g to 404.80 g within the 15% to 30% moisture range, while the sphericity varied from 0.849 to 0.877. For SAMPEA-14, similar trends were observed with the sphericity shifting from 0.848 to 0.852. Additionally, the true density for SAMPEA-14 and SAMPEA-16 changed from 1034.12 kg m-³ to 1074.40 kg m-³ and 1089.61 kg m-³ to 1116.87 kg m-3, respectively. Another notable finding is the increase in the angle of repose with moisture content. For SAMPEA-16, it rose from 22.40˚ to 30.23˚, and for SAMPEA-14, from 23.22˚ to 34.28˚, as moisture content increased from 10% to 30%. Furthermore, the terminal velocity for both varieties increased with moisture, with SAMPEA-14 ranging from 4.92 to 5.25, and SAMPEA-16 from 5.72 to 6.16, at 10% to 25% moisture content. The insights from this study are crucial for the design of agricultural machinery, processing units, and storage facilities, aiming to enhance the quality and quantity of cowpea produce.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Density, Evaluate, Repose, Sphericity, Terminal Velocity, Varieties

Kaynakça

• Abalone R, Cassinera A, Gaston A and Lara MA (2004). Some physical properties of amaranth seeds. Biosystems Engineering, 89(1): 109-117. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.06.012
• Adejumo OI, Alfa AA and Mohammed A (2007). Physical Properties of Kano white Variety of Bambara Groundnut. Nigerian Academic Forum, (12)1: 68-77.
• Adekanye AT and Olaoye JO (2018). Performance evaluation of motorized and treadle cowpea threshers. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal (CIGR), 15(4): 300-306.
• Aderinlewo AA, Raji AO and Olayanju TMA (2011). Effect of variety and moisture content on aerodynamic properties of four Nigerian cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties. Journal of Natural Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 10(1): 106-115.
• Adetola OA, Olukunle OJ, Olalusi AP and Olubanjo OO (2020). Effect of tillage practices on selected engineering properties of cassava (Manihot esculenta) tubers. Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, 17(3): 205-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v17i3.7
• Adewumi BA, Ademosun OC and Ogunlowo AS (2007). Design, fabrication and preliminary testing of athresher-cleaner for grain legume. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 44(3): 276-280.
• Altuntas E and Yildiz M (2007). Effect of moisture content on some physical and mechanical properties of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grain. Journal of Food Engineering, 78:174-183. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.09.013
• AOAC (1995). Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
• Aydin C, Ogut H and Konak M (2002). Some physical properties of Turkish Mahaleb. Biosystems Engineering, 82(2): 231-234. https://doi.org/10.1006/bioe.2002.0062
• Baumler E, Cuniberti A Nolasco SM and Riccobene IC (2006). Moisture dependent physical and compression properties of safflower seed. Journal of Food Engineering, 73: 134-140. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.11.029
• Carman K (1996). Some physical properties of lentil seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 63(2), 87-92. https://doi.org/ 10.1006/jaer.1996.0010
• Cetin M (2007). Physical properties of barbunia bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L. cv. burbuniz) seed. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 80: 353-362. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.06.004
• Chukwu O and Sunmonu MO (2010). Determination of selected engineering properties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) related to design of processing machines. 2(6): 373-377.
• Davies RM and El-Okene AM (2009). Moisture-dependent physical of soybeans. International Agrophysics, 23: 299-303.
• Davies RM and Zibokere DS (2011). Effect of moisture content on some physical and mechanical properties of three varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR, 13(1): 1-16.
• Deshpande SD, Bal S and Ojha TP (1993). Physical properties of soybean. Journal of Food Engineering, 56: 89-98. https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2006.74.78
• Dursun E and Dursun I (2005). Some physical properties of caper seed. Biosystems Engineering, 92(2), 237-245. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2005.06.003
• Gómez C (2004). COWPEA Post-harvest Operations. In FAO.
• Gupta RK and Das SK (1997). Physical properties of sunflower seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 56(1): 49-57. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijar.2007.677.686 Isa J and Aderotoye MA (2017). Effect of moisture content on the physical andaerodynamics properties of cashew nut. Journal of Engineering and Engineering Technology, 11(2): 96-102. https://doi.org/0.13140/RG.2.2.35988.94082
• Krishnakumar T (2019). Engineering properties of agricultural materials. htpss:/doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20324.83842
• Mohsenin NN (1978). Physical properties of plant and animal materials. Gordon and Breach Publ. Inc., New York.758 pages.
• Muhammed-Bashir O, Oriola KO, Ogundeji BA and Adesokan MA (2018). Fabrication and performance evaluation of cowpea thresher for small scale cowpea farm holders in Nigeria. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 31(6): 1-11. https://doi.org/0.9734/CJAST/2018/43751
• Narayana M and Angamuthu M (2021). The beans and the peas, Woodhead Publishing, Pages 241-272.
• Olalusi AP, Bolaji OT and Adebayo SS (2009). Some Engineering Properties of Tiger Nut. Journal of 3rd International Conference of WASAE and 9th International Conference of NIAE. p. 244-248.
• Olawale C, Aderibigbe D, and Femi O (2018). Effect of soaking time on some engineering properties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal (CIGR), 20(1): 143-149.
• Olukunle OJ and Akinnuli BO (2012). Investigating some engineering properties of coffee seeds and beans. Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(5): 743-747. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.01.052
• Ozarslan C (2002). Physical properties of cotton seed. Biosystems Engineering, 83(2): 169-174. https://doi.org/ 10.1006/bioe.2002.0105
• Sacilik K, Ozturk R and Keskin R (2003). Some physical properties of hemp seed. Biosystems Engineering, 86(2): 191-198. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S1537-5110(03)00130-2
• Singh KK and Goswami TK (1996). Physical properties of cumin seed. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 64(2): 93-98. https://doi.org/ 10.1006/jaer.1996.0049
• Suthar SH and Das SK (1996). Some physical properties of karingda [Citrullus lanatus (thumb) mansf] seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 65(1): 15-22. https://doi.org/ 10.1006/jaer.1996.0075
• Tabatabaeefar A (2003). Moisture-dependent physical properties of wheat. International Agrophysics, 17: 207-211.
• Timothy A and Olaoye JO (2013). Performance evaluation of motorized and treadle cowpea threshers. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal (CIGR), 15(4): 300-306.
• Yalçın İ (2007). Physical properties of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) seed. Journal of Food Engineering, 79(1): 57-62. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.01.026

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 21 – 34, 30.06.2024

Olufemi Adetola Adenike Mary Marvelous Lawal

https://doi.org/10.46592/turkager.1378321

Öz

Kaynakça

• Abalone R, Cassinera A, Gaston A and Lara MA (2004). Some physical properties of amaranth seeds. Biosystems Engineering, 89(1): 109-117. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.06.012
• Adejumo OI, Alfa AA and Mohammed A (2007). Physical Properties of Kano white Variety of Bambara Groundnut. Nigerian Academic Forum, (12)1: 68-77.
• Adekanye AT and Olaoye JO (2018). Performance evaluation of motorized and treadle cowpea threshers. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal (CIGR), 15(4): 300-306.
• Aderinlewo AA, Raji AO and Olayanju TMA (2011). Effect of variety and moisture content on aerodynamic properties of four Nigerian cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties. Journal of Natural Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 10(1): 106-115.
• Adetola OA, Olukunle OJ, Olalusi AP and Olubanjo OO (2020). Effect of tillage practices on selected engineering properties of cassava (Manihot esculenta) tubers. Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, 17(3): 205-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v17i3.7
• Adewumi BA, Ademosun OC and Ogunlowo AS (2007). Design, fabrication and preliminary testing of athresher-cleaner for grain legume. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 44(3): 276-280.
• Altuntas E and Yildiz M (2007). Effect of moisture content on some physical and mechanical properties of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grain. Journal of Food Engineering, 78:174-183. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.09.013
• AOAC (1995). Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
• Aydin C, Ogut H and Konak M (2002). Some physical properties of Turkish Mahaleb. Biosystems Engineering, 82(2): 231-234. https://doi.org/10.1006/bioe.2002.0062
• Baumler E, Cuniberti A Nolasco SM and Riccobene IC (2006). Moisture dependent physical and compression properties of safflower seed. Journal of Food Engineering, 73: 134-140. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.11.029
• Carman K (1996). Some physical properties of lentil seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 63(2), 87-92. https://doi.org/ 10.1006/jaer.1996.0010
• Cetin M (2007). Physical properties of barbunia bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L. cv. burbuniz) seed. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 80: 353-362. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.06.004
• Chukwu O and Sunmonu MO (2010). Determination of selected engineering properties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) related to design of processing machines. 2(6): 373-377.
• Davies RM and El-Okene AM (2009). Moisture-dependent physical of soybeans. International Agrophysics, 23: 299-303.
• Davies RM and Zibokere DS (2011). Effect of moisture content on some physical and mechanical properties of three varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR, 13(1): 1-16.
• Deshpande SD, Bal S and Ojha TP (1993). Physical properties of soybean. Journal of Food Engineering, 56: 89-98. https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2006.74.78
• Dursun E and Dursun I (2005). Some physical properties of caper seed. Biosystems Engineering, 92(2), 237-245. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2005.06.003
• Gómez C (2004). COWPEA Post-harvest Operations. In FAO.
• Gupta RK and Das SK (1997). Physical properties of sunflower seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 56(1): 49-57. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijar.2007.677.686 Isa J and Aderotoye MA (2017). Effect of moisture content on the physical andaerodynamics properties of cashew nut. Journal of Engineering and Engineering Technology, 11(2): 96-102. https://doi.org/0.13140/RG.2.2.35988.94082
• Krishnakumar T (2019). Engineering properties of agricultural materials. htpss:/doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20324.83842
• Mohsenin NN (1978). Physical properties of plant and animal materials. Gordon and Breach Publ. Inc., New York.758 pages.
• Muhammed-Bashir O, Oriola KO, Ogundeji BA and Adesokan MA (2018). Fabrication and performance evaluation of cowpea thresher for small scale cowpea farm holders in Nigeria. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 31(6): 1-11. https://doi.org/0.9734/CJAST/2018/43751
• Narayana M and Angamuthu M (2021). The beans and the peas, Woodhead Publishing, Pages 241-272.
• Olalusi AP, Bolaji OT and Adebayo SS (2009). Some Engineering Properties of Tiger Nut. Journal of 3rd International Conference of WASAE and 9th International Conference of NIAE. p. 244-248.
• Olawale C, Aderibigbe D, and Femi O (2018). Effect of soaking time on some engineering properties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal (CIGR), 20(1): 143-149.
• Olukunle OJ and Akinnuli BO (2012). Investigating some engineering properties of coffee seeds and beans. Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(5): 743-747. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.01.052
• Ozarslan C (2002). Physical properties of cotton seed. Biosystems Engineering, 83(2): 169-174. https://doi.org/ 10.1006/bioe.2002.0105
• Sacilik K, Ozturk R and Keskin R (2003). Some physical properties of hemp seed. Biosystems Engineering, 86(2): 191-198. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S1537-5110(03)00130-2
• Singh KK and Goswami TK (1996). Physical properties of cumin seed. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 64(2): 93-98. https://doi.org/ 10.1006/jaer.1996.0049
• Suthar SH and Das SK (1996). Some physical properties of karingda [Citrullus lanatus (thumb) mansf] seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 65(1): 15-22. https://doi.org/ 10.1006/jaer.1996.0075
• Tabatabaeefar A (2003). Moisture-dependent physical properties of wheat. International Agrophysics, 17: 207-211.
• Timothy A and Olaoye JO (2013). Performance evaluation of motorized and treadle cowpea threshers. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal (CIGR), 15(4): 300-306.
• Yalçın İ (2007). Physical properties of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) seed. Journal of Food Engineering, 79(1): 57-62. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.01.026

Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

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