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Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Perspektifinden Nefs Psikolojisinde Ölüm Skip to content Yıl 2024, Sayı: 9, 101 – 138, 30.06.2024
Feyza Nur Taşkaya
https://doi.org/10.56432/tmdrd.1466208
Öz Manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik, bireyin manevi temelli anlam arayışlarına cevap bulma ve yaşadığı zorluklarla başa çıkma süreç-lerine katkı sağlar. Fiziksel sağlıkta kaydedilen gelişmelere karşın psikolojik sağlıkta modern psikolojinin bireye yaklaşımda kullandı-ğı kuramlar, bazı faktörleri göz ardı ettiğinden dolayı etkisiz kala-bilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, özellikle varoluşsal temele dayalı psiko-lojik sorunların rehabilite edilmesi ve bunun sürdürülebilir olması amacıyla yeni bir bakış açısına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Tam bu noktada nefs psikolojisi, modern psikolojinin eksik yönlerini belir-leyerek aşkın boyuta vurgu yapmayı amaçlayan yerli bir psikoloji ekolüdür. Bu ekol tarafından sunulan perspektif, bireyin ruhsal doyumunun sadece maddi olanla değil; aynı zamanda manevi olanla ilişkili olduğunu savunur. Nefs psikolojisinin üzerinde önemle durduğu konulardan biri de varoluşsal boyutları olan ölüm fenomenidir. Ölüm, modern bireyin iç ve dış dünyasını önemli ölçüde etkileyen varoluşsal bir gerçektir. Bireyin ölüme karşı hissettiği korku, kaygı ve ölümsüzlük arzusu gibi duygu du-rumları, çeşitli tutum ve davranışlarla kendini açığa vurur. Bu ma-kalenin amacı, manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik perspektifinden, nefs psikolojisi ekolünde ölüm fenomenini merkeze alarak birey-lerine bu konudaki duygu ve düşüncelerini açıklayıp ölüm korku-su ve kaygısıyla başa çıkma yollarını betimlemektir. Makalede, ölüm korkusu ve kaygısıyla başa çıkabilmek için nefs psikoterapi-sinin iyileştirici etkisi vurgulanmış, bireyin bakış açısını değiştire-rek ölümle daha sağlıklı ve gerçekçi bir ilişki kurması önerilmiştir. Makalede sonuç olarak; (i) Türk manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik ekolü olarak nefs psikolojisinde önerilen ölüme ilişkin düşünce, duygu, tutum ve davranışları etkileyen yaklaşım ve uygulamaların birey için psiko-sosyal yönden terapötik etkilerinin olduğu; (ii) sö-zü edilen bu terapötik etkilerin ise ‘(a) nefs psikolojisinin ölümü, ölüm ötesi yaşam inancını temel alarak modern bireyin varoluşsal konumunu aşan bir perspektife yükseltme, (b) ölüm bilincini te-mel alıp bireyin içsel huzurunu sağlayarak ölüm gerçekliğini ka-bullenip psiko-sosyal uyum düzeyini artırma gibi faktörlerle ilişki-lendirildiği; (iii) ayrıca ölüm korkusu ve kaygısıyla başa çıkma stra-tejilerinin bireyin öznel ölüm algısı ve yorumu ile dindarlık düze-yine bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler Manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik, Nefs psikolojisi, Ölüm, Ölüm kaygısı, Ölüm korkusu, Ölümsüzlük arzusu
Kaynakça Akoğlan, C. (2020). Irvin Yalom'da ölüm kaygısı. [içinde] Ölüm üzerine (Ed. N. Gökalp). Nobel Yayınları. Akot, B. (2017a). Tasavvufun 100’ü. Otto Yayınları. Akot, B. (2017b). Tasavvufun 200’ü. Otto Yayınları. Akşahin, M. A. (2016). İnsanların ölüme karşı geliştirdikleri psikolojik tutumlar ve kaderci kabullenmenin ölüm kaygısı üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Haliç Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Aktay, E. N. (2023). Manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik perspekti-finden nefs psikolojisi ve nefs psikoterapisi. Türk Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 8, 75-110. Alparslan, K. (2022). Ölüm kaygısı ve dindarlık arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir değerlendirme. Dinî Araştırmalar, 25(63), 529-552. Apaydın, H. (2016). Din psikolojisi terimler sözlüğü. Bilimkent Yayınları. Atak, M. (2021). Nefs psikolojisi: Kuram & uygulama. Büyüyenay Yayınları. Atak, Z. (2020). Ölüm algısının bireydeki terapötik etkisi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Erciyes Üniversitesi. Bardakçı, M. N. (2010). Ölümsüzlük düşüncesi ve ölüm sezgisi üzerine. Sufi Journal of Scientific & Academic Research, 26(2), 71-90. Bashırol, D. (2021). Tasavvufta ölüm. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Bauman, Z. (2000). Ölümlülük ölümsüzlük ve diğer hayat stratejileri (çev. N. Demirdöven). Ayrıntı Yayınları. Bayzan, A. R. (2013). Sufi ile terapist. Etkileşim Yayınları. Budak, S. (2017). Psikoloji sözlüğü. Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları. Bulut, H. (2020). Tasavvufi bir bakış açısıyla nefs. Mesned İlahiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11, 165-188. Bulut, M. B. (2022). Tanrıya bağlanmanın yordayıcıları: Ölüm korkusu ve tanrı inanç biçimleri. (Doktora tezi). Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ceylan, U. E. (2018). Ölümlülük bilincinin dini başa çıkma, Tanrı al-gısı, ölüm kaygısı ve psikolojik iyi olma ile ilişkisi. (Doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Çağrıcı, M. (2007). "Ölüm" maddesi. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi-34 (36-37). Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları. Çelik, İ. (2009). Türk tasavvuf düşüncesinde ölüm. A.Ü. Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, 40, 119-146. Demirci, M. (1987). Mutasavvıflara göre ölüm. İslami Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3, 89-104. Demirci, M. (2000). Ölümdeki hayat: Tasavvuf düşüncesinde ölüm. Tasavvuf İlmî ve Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, (4), 9-16. Doğanay, E. (2023). Varoluşçu bağlamda ölüm kaygısı ve ölüm kaygısını etkileyen faktörler. Premium e-Journal of Social Science, 7(36), 1713-1723. Egemen, B. Z. (1963). Ölüm üzerine. Ankara İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9, 31-34. Ekşi, H., Kaya, Ç., & Okan, N. (2022). Maneviyat ve psikolojik danışma. [içinde] Manevi yönelimli psikolojik danışma (Ed. H. Ekşi). Nobel Yayınları. Erginli, Z. (2008). Temel tasavvuf klasiklerinde hal kavramına toplu bir bakış. Din Bilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, 8(4), 153-198. Forsyth, J. (2017). Sigmund Freud. [içinde] Psikolojik din kuramları (çev. M. Güven). Kimlik Yayınları. Frager, R. (2009). Manevi rehberlik ve ben ötesi psikolojisi üzerine pay-laşımlar. Kaknüs Yayınları. Frager, R. (2021). Kalp, nefs ve ruh tasavvuf psikolojisinde gelişim, denge ve uyum (çev. İ. Kapaklıkaya). Sufi Kitap Yayınları. Fromm, E. (2003). Sahip olmak ya da olmak (çev. A. Arıtan). Arıtan Yayınevi. Gashi, F. (2021). Ölüm psikolojisi ve ölüm konusunda dini inan-cın etkisi. Rumeli İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7, 80-99. Gowins, P. (2015). Sufizm ruhani yoldaki bilgelerin uygulama teknikleri (çev. A. Yıldız & A. Çelebi). Şira Yayınları. Göcen, G. (2020). Kavram atlası din psikolojisi-I. Gazi Kitabevi. Gürsu, O. (2022). Manevi danışmanlar için kılavuz. Çamlıca Yayınları. Hökelekli, H. (1991). Ölüm ve ölüm ötesi psikolojisi. Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(3), 151-165. Hökelekli, H. (2017). Ölüm, ölüm ötesi psikolojisi ve din. Dem Yayınları. Işıtan, İ. (2020). Sufi psikolojisi ve sulemi’ye göre sufi benlik dönüşümü. Divan Kitap. Jung, C. G. (2006). Analitik psikoloji (çev. E. Gürol). Payel Yayınları. Jung, C. G. (2018). Anılar, düşler, düşünceler. Can Yayınları. Kalyoncu, H. (2017). Ölüm korkusu ve panik atak. Boğaziçi Yayınları. Karakuş, G., Öztürk, Z., & Tamam, L. (2012). Ölüm ve ölüm kaygısı. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 21(1), 42-79. Kazancı, F. A. (2009). Mevlana’nın ölüm algısının Kur’ani arka planı. Şarkiyat İlmi Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2, 67-79. Kıraç, F. (2007). Dindarlık eğilimi, varoluşsal kaygı ve psikolojik sağlık. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Kızılgeçit, M. (2020). Din psikolojisinin 300’ü. Otto Yayınları. Koç, M. (2000). Ölümsüzlük arzusu ve birey üzerindeki etkileri. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 2(3), 61-69. Koç, M. (2002a). Ölüm korkusu üzerine kuramsal açıdan bir değerlendirme. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 6, 7-20. Koç, M. (2002b). Ölüm psikolojisi-I. Tasavvuf İlmi ve Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 117-146. Kübler-Ross, E. (2010). Ölüm ve ölmek üzerine (çev. E. Uşşaklı). April Yayıncılık. Maslow, A. (1996). Dinler, değerler, doruk deneyimler. Kuraldışı Yayınları. Merter, M. (2007). Dokuz yüz katlı insan. Kaknüs Yayınları. Merter, M. (2014). Psikolojinin üçüncü boyutu: Nefs psikolojisi ve rüya-ların dili. Kaknüs Yayınları. Merter, M. (2019). Psikolojiye tasavvufi açıdan bakmak. Nefs Psi-kolojisi. https://www.youtube.com. (Erişim: Ocak 2023). Miskeveyh, İ. (2011). Ölüm korkusu, mahiyeti ve nefsin ölümden sonraki durumu. (çev. İ. Aslan). Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 52(2), 327-332. Muslu, R. (2009). Türk tasavvuf kültüründe sûfîlerin ölüme bakı-şı ve cenaze merasimleri. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, (38), 61-86. Onur, B. (2004). Gelişim psikolojisi: Yetişkinlik yaşlılık ölüm. İmge Kitabevi. Özcan, G. (2022). Erken dönem İslam geleneğinde dört duygu: Hüzün, ölüm kaygısı, mutluluk, korku – İbn Sina, Farabi, Kindi, Ebu Bekir Razi, Ebu Zeyd Ahmed el Belhi -Terapi merkezli bir bakış. Kaknüs Yayınları. Öztürk, Z. K. (2010). Yaşlı bireylerde ölüm kaygısı. (Tıpta Uzmanlık tezi). Çukurova Üniversitesi Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı. Parıltı, U., & Huri, A. (2018). Geçmişten bugüne ölüm olgusuna ve ritüellere bilimsel yaklaşım. TÜBA-AR Özel Sayı, 13-28. Pattabanoğlu, F. Z. (2015). İslam filozoflarının ölüm hakkındaki düşüncelerinde Stoacı filozofların etkisi. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 19(64), 73-90. Roy, P. (2009). Manevi rehberlikte dört unsur. [içinde] Manevi rehberlik ve ben ötesi psikolojisi üzerine paylaşımlar (Ed. R. Frager, çev. Ö. Çolakoğlu). Kaknüs Yayınları. Sağır, A. (2017). Ölüm sosyolojisi. Phoenix Yayınları. Sarıkaya, S. (2019). Gösteri toplumunda geleneksel törenlerin dönüşümü: doğum, düğün, cenaze törenleri üzerine bir inceleme. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Saruhan, M. S. (2006). İslam filozof ve düşünürlerinde ölüm korkusu ve tedavisi. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 47(1), 18-36. Sayar, K. (2021). Olmak cesareti. Kapı Yayınları. Sezer, S., & Saya, P. (2009). Gelişimsel açıdan ölüm kavramı. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (13), 151-165. Soysaldı, İ. (2006). Sufilerin ölüme yaklaşımı. Harran Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, (16), 135-148. Şimşek, İ. (2015). Felsefeden tasavvufa ruh anlayışı. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 62, 549-566. Tanhan, F. (2007). Ölüm kaygısıyla baş etme eğitiminin ölüm kaygısı ve psikolojik iyi olma düzeyine etkisi. (Doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Tepe, F. (2020). Varoluşsal bir sorun olarak ölüm kaygısının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Biruni Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Uludağ, S. (2006). "Nefis" maddesi. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi-32 (526-529). Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları. Uysal, S. (2019). Ölüme uyanmak: Yaşayanların dilinden ölüm eşiği deneyimleri. Marmara Akademi Yayınları. Yalom, I. D. (2018). Varoluşçu psikoterapi (çev. Z. Babayiğit). Pegasus Yayıncılık. Yalom, I. D. (2021). Güneşe bakmak ölümle yüzleşmek (çev. Z. Babayiğit). Pegasus Yayınları. Yazoğlu, R. (2014). Ruh, ölüm ve ötesi gazali üzerine bir araştırma. İz Yayıncılık. Yıldırım, E. A. (2018). Anksiyete bozukluğu bulgularında ölüm anksiyetesinin sıklığının incelenmesi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Yıldız, A. (2004). Çocuk, ölüm ve kayıp. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(12), 125-144. Zafer, C. (2019). Ölüm olgusu ve ölümün sosyolojik etkileri. Munzur Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(15), 64-82. Zarcona, T. (2016). Tasavvufta ölüm deneyimi ve ölüme hazır-lanma: Türkiye Nakşibendîleri örneği. (Haz. G. Veinstein, çev. E. Gün-tekin) Osmanlılar ve ölüm. İletişim Yayınları.
Death in Nafs Psychology from the Perspective of Spiritual Counseling and Care Yıl 2024, Sayı: 9, 101 – 138, 30.06.2024
Feyza Nur Taşkaya
https://doi.org/10.56432/tmdrd.1466208
Öz Spiritual counseling and guidance contribute to addressing individuals’ spiritual quest for meaning and coping with life challenges. Despite advancements in physical health, the theories utilized by modern psychology in approaching individuals can prove ineffective due to overlooking certain factors. Hence, there is a need for a new perspective, particularly for rehabilitating existential-based psychological issues and ensuring their sustainability. At this juncture, nafs psychology emerges as a native psychological paradigm that aims to identify the deficiencies of modern psychology and accentuate the transcendent dimension. This paradigm posits that an individual’s spiritual fulfillment is not solely tied to material aspects but also to the spiritual realm. One significant area emphasized by nafs psychology is the existential phenomenon of death, which profoundly impacts the internal and external worlds of modern individuals. Feelings such as fear, anxiety, and the desire for immortality towards death manifest through various attitudes and behaviors. The strategies for coping with death-related fears and anxieties vary depending on an individual’s subjective perception and interpretation of death, as well as their level of religiosity. This article aims to explore individuals’ emotions and thoughts regarding death through the lens of spiritual counseling and guidance within the nafs psychology framework, while delineating coping mechanisms for fear and anxiety surrounding death. The article underscores the therapeutic efficacy of nafs psychotherapy in addressing the fear and anxiety of death, advocating for a shift in perspective to foster a healthier and more realistic relationship with death. In conclusion, the article posits that (i) the approaches and practices influencing thoughts, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors concerning death proposed by nafs psychology, as a school of Turkish spiritual counseling and guidance, have psycho-social therapeutic effects on individuals; (ii) these therapeutic effects are associated with factors such as (a) transcending the modern individual’s existential stance by framing death within the belief in an afterlife, and (b) enhancing psycho-social adjustment levels by accepting the reality of death and attaining inner peace through heightened death awareness; (iii) additionally, it highlights that strategies for coping with the fear and anxiety of death vary based on individual subjective perceptions and interpretations of death, and their level of religiosity.
Anahtar Kelimeler Spiritual counseling and care, Nafs pychology, Death, Fear of death, Death anxiety, Desire for immortality
Kaynakça Akoğlan, C. (2020). Irvin Yalom'da ölüm kaygısı. [içinde] Ölüm üzerine (Ed. N. Gökalp). Nobel Yayınları. Akot, B. (2017a). Tasavvufun 100’ü. Otto Yayınları. Akot, B. (2017b). Tasavvufun 200’ü. Otto Yayınları. Akşahin, M. A. (2016). İnsanların ölüme karşı geliştirdikleri psikolojik tutumlar ve kaderci kabullenmenin ölüm kaygısı üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Haliç Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Aktay, E. N. (2023). Manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik perspekti-finden nefs psikolojisi ve nefs psikoterapisi. Türk Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 8, 75-110. Alparslan, K. (2022). Ölüm kaygısı ve dindarlık arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir değerlendirme. Dinî Araştırmalar, 25(63), 529-552. Apaydın, H. (2016). Din psikolojisi terimler sözlüğü. Bilimkent Yayınları. Atak, M. (2021). Nefs psikolojisi: Kuram & uygulama. Büyüyenay Yayınları. Atak, Z. (2020). Ölüm algısının bireydeki terapötik etkisi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Erciyes Üniversitesi. Bardakçı, M. N. (2010). Ölümsüzlük düşüncesi ve ölüm sezgisi üzerine. Sufi Journal of Scientific & Academic Research, 26(2), 71-90. Bashırol, D. (2021). Tasavvufta ölüm. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Bauman, Z. (2000). Ölümlülük ölümsüzlük ve diğer hayat stratejileri (çev. N. Demirdöven). Ayrıntı Yayınları. Bayzan, A. R. (2013). Sufi ile terapist. Etkileşim Yayınları. Budak, S. (2017). Psikoloji sözlüğü. Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları. Bulut, H. (2020). Tasavvufi bir bakış açısıyla nefs. Mesned İlahiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11, 165-188. Bulut, M. B. (2022). Tanrıya bağlanmanın yordayıcıları: Ölüm korkusu ve tanrı inanç biçimleri. (Doktora tezi). Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ceylan, U. E. (2018). Ölümlülük bilincinin dini başa çıkma, Tanrı al-gısı, ölüm kaygısı ve psikolojik iyi olma ile ilişkisi. (Doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Çağrıcı, M. (2007). "Ölüm" maddesi. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi-34 (36-37). Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları. Çelik, İ. (2009). Türk tasavvuf düşüncesinde ölüm. A.Ü. Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, 40, 119-146. Demirci, M. (1987). Mutasavvıflara göre ölüm. İslami Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3, 89-104. Demirci, M. (2000). Ölümdeki hayat: Tasavvuf düşüncesinde ölüm. Tasavvuf İlmî ve Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, (4), 9-16. Doğanay, E. (2023). Varoluşçu bağlamda ölüm kaygısı ve ölüm kaygısını etkileyen faktörler. Premium e-Journal of Social Science, 7(36), 1713-1723. Egemen, B. Z. (1963). Ölüm üzerine. Ankara İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9, 31-34. Ekşi, H., Kaya, Ç., & Okan, N. (2022). Maneviyat ve psikolojik danışma. [içinde] Manevi yönelimli psikolojik danışma (Ed. H. Ekşi). Nobel Yayınları. Erginli, Z. (2008). Temel tasavvuf klasiklerinde hal kavramına toplu bir bakış. Din Bilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, 8(4), 153-198. Forsyth, J. (2017). Sigmund Freud. [içinde] Psikolojik din kuramları (çev. M. Güven). Kimlik Yayınları. Frager, R. (2009). Manevi rehberlik ve ben ötesi psikolojisi üzerine pay-laşımlar. Kaknüs Yayınları. Frager, R. (2021). Kalp, nefs ve ruh tasavvuf psikolojisinde gelişim, denge ve uyum (çev. İ. Kapaklıkaya). Sufi Kitap Yayınları. Fromm, E. (2003). Sahip olmak ya da olmak (çev. A. Arıtan). Arıtan Yayınevi. Gashi, F. (2021). Ölüm psikolojisi ve ölüm konusunda dini inan-cın etkisi. Rumeli İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7, 80-99. Gowins, P. (2015). Sufizm ruhani yoldaki bilgelerin uygulama teknikleri (çev. A. Yıldız & A. Çelebi). Şira Yayınları. Göcen, G. (2020). Kavram atlası din psikolojisi-I. Gazi Kitabevi. Gürsu, O. (2022). Manevi danışmanlar için kılavuz. Çamlıca Yayınları. Hökelekli, H. (1991). Ölüm ve ölüm ötesi psikolojisi. Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(3), 151-165. Hökelekli, H. (2017). Ölüm, ölüm ötesi psikolojisi ve din. Dem Yayınları. Işıtan, İ. (2020). Sufi psikolojisi ve sulemi’ye göre sufi benlik dönüşümü. Divan Kitap. Jung, C. G. (2006). Analitik psikoloji (çev. E. Gürol). Payel Yayınları. Jung, C. G. (2018). Anılar, düşler, düşünceler. Can Yayınları. Kalyoncu, H. (2017). Ölüm korkusu ve panik atak. Boğaziçi Yayınları. Karakuş, G., Öztürk, Z., & Tamam, L. (2012). Ölüm ve ölüm kaygısı. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 21(1), 42-79. Kazancı, F. A. (2009). Mevlana’nın ölüm algısının Kur’ani arka planı. Şarkiyat İlmi Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2, 67-79. Kıraç, F. (2007). Dindarlık eğilimi, varoluşsal kaygı ve psikolojik sağlık. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Kızılgeçit, M. (2020). Din psikolojisinin 300’ü. Otto Yayınları. Koç, M. (2000). Ölümsüzlük arzusu ve birey üzerindeki etkileri. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 2(3), 61-69. Koç, M. (2002a). Ölüm korkusu üzerine kuramsal açıdan bir değerlendirme. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 6, 7-20. Koç, M. (2002b). Ölüm psikolojisi-I. Tasavvuf İlmi ve Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 117-146. Kübler-Ross, E. (2010). Ölüm ve ölmek üzerine (çev. E. Uşşaklı). April Yayıncılık. Maslow, A. (1996). Dinler, değerler, doruk deneyimler. Kuraldışı Yayınları. Merter, M. (2007). Dokuz yüz katlı insan. Kaknüs Yayınları. Merter, M. (2014). Psikolojinin üçüncü boyutu: Nefs psikolojisi ve rüya-ların dili. Kaknüs Yayınları. Merter, M. (2019). Psikolojiye tasavvufi açıdan bakmak. Nefs Psi-kolojisi. https://www.youtube.com. (Erişim: Ocak 2023). Miskeveyh, İ. (2011). Ölüm korkusu, mahiyeti ve nefsin ölümden sonraki durumu. (çev. İ. Aslan). Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 52(2), 327-332. Muslu, R. (2009). Türk tasavvuf kültüründe sûfîlerin ölüme bakı-şı ve cenaze merasimleri. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, (38), 61-86. Onur, B. (2004). Gelişim psikolojisi: Yetişkinlik yaşlılık ölüm. İmge Kitabevi. Özcan, G. (2022). Erken dönem İslam geleneğinde dört duygu: Hüzün, ölüm kaygısı, mutluluk, korku – İbn Sina, Farabi, Kindi, Ebu Bekir Razi, Ebu Zeyd Ahmed el Belhi -Terapi merkezli bir bakış. Kaknüs Yayınları. Öztürk, Z. K. (2010). Yaşlı bireylerde ölüm kaygısı. (Tıpta Uzmanlık tezi). Çukurova Üniversitesi Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı. Parıltı, U., & Huri, A. (2018). Geçmişten bugüne ölüm olgusuna ve ritüellere bilimsel yaklaşım. TÜBA-AR Özel Sayı, 13-28. Pattabanoğlu, F. Z. (2015). İslam filozoflarının ölüm hakkındaki düşüncelerinde Stoacı filozofların etkisi. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 19(64), 73-90. Roy, P. (2009). Manevi rehberlikte dört unsur. [içinde] Manevi rehberlik ve ben ötesi psikolojisi üzerine paylaşımlar (Ed. R. Frager, çev. Ö. Çolakoğlu). Kaknüs Yayınları. Sağır, A. (2017). Ölüm sosyolojisi. Phoenix Yayınları. Sarıkaya, S. (2019). Gösteri toplumunda geleneksel törenlerin dönüşümü: doğum, düğün, cenaze törenleri üzerine bir inceleme. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Saruhan, M. S. (2006). İslam filozof ve düşünürlerinde ölüm korkusu ve tedavisi. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 47(1), 18-36. Sayar, K. (2021). Olmak cesareti. Kapı Yayınları. Sezer, S., & Saya, P. (2009). Gelişimsel açıdan ölüm kavramı. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (13), 151-165. Soysaldı, İ. (2006). Sufilerin ölüme yaklaşımı. Harran Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, (16), 135-148. Şimşek, İ. (2015). Felsefeden tasavvufa ruh anlayışı. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 62, 549-566. Tanhan, F. (2007). Ölüm kaygısıyla baş etme eğitiminin ölüm kaygısı ve psikolojik iyi olma düzeyine etkisi. (Doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Tepe, F. (2020). Varoluşsal bir sorun olarak ölüm kaygısının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Biruni Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Uludağ, S. (2006). "Nefis" maddesi. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi-32 (526-529). Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları. Uysal, S. (2019). Ölüme uyanmak: Yaşayanların dilinden ölüm eşiği deneyimleri. Marmara Akademi Yayınları. Yalom, I. D. (2018). Varoluşçu psikoterapi (çev. Z. Babayiğit). Pegasus Yayıncılık. Yalom, I. D. (2021). Güneşe bakmak ölümle yüzleşmek (çev. Z. Babayiğit). Pegasus Yayınları. Yazoğlu, R. (2014). Ruh, ölüm ve ötesi gazali üzerine bir araştırma. İz Yayıncılık. Yıldırım, E. A. (2018). Anksiyete bozukluğu bulgularında ölüm anksiyetesinin sıklığının incelenmesi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Yıldız, A. (2004). Çocuk, ölüm ve kayıp. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(12), 125-144. Zafer, C. (2019). Ölüm olgusu ve ölümün sosyolojik etkileri. Munzur Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(15), 64-82. Zarcona, T. (2016). Tasavvufta ölüm deneyimi ve ölüme hazır-lanma: Türkiye Nakşibendîleri örneği. (Haz. G. Veinstein, çev. E. Gün-tekin) Osmanlılar ve ölüm. İletişim Yayınları. Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Din Psikolojisi Bölüm Makaleler Yazarlar Feyza Nur Taşkaya OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0001-7619-2633 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Nisan 2024 Kabul Tarihi 3 Haziran 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 9
Kaynak Göster APA Taşkaya, F. N. (2024). Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Perspektifinden Nefs Psikolojisinde Ölüm. Türk Manevi Danışmanlık Ve Rehberlik Dergisi (9 ), 101-138. https://doi.org/10.56432/tmdrd.1466208
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