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Vehb b. Münebbih Rivâyeti Bağlamında ‘On Emir’ Skip to content Yıl 2024, Sayı: 41, 61 – 81, 30.06.2024
Erhan Turan
https://doi.org/10.56361/usul.1453486
Öz İslami ilimlerin temel kaynaklarından olan Sünnet, hadislerin davranışa dönüşmesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu anlamda Hz. Muhammed’e s.a.v. ait olduğu ifade edilen sözlerle birlikte sahâbe ve tâbiûn sözleri de davranış oluşturması bakımından önem kazanarak temel eserlerde yer almıştır. Maktû‘ olarak adlandırılan, nadir de olsa muhtevasının önceki vahiy kaynaklı dini geleneklere ait kitaplardaki bilgilere benzerliği sebebiyle tenkit edilen tâbiûn sözlerinden bazıları, İslam âlimlerince ilgili eserlerde yer verilerek bilgi kaynağı olmuştur. Bu bağlamda bazı âlimler tarafından aktardığı rivâyetlerle tenkit edilen Vehb b. Münebbih, nakilleriyle önem arz etmiş ve ayrı bir araştırma konusu yapılmıştır. Aynı şekilde oryantalistler de O’nu özel ilgi alanı olarak araştırma konusu ederek, Tevrat ve İncil esaslı anlatımlara benzer nakillerinin fazlalığıyla tenkitlerinde odak noktası yapmışlardır. Bu bağlamda Vehb b. Münebbih’e izafe edilerek tenkide konu edilen, Yahudilik ve Hıristiyanlıkta önemli bir yere sahip ‘On Emir’ rivayeti örnek gösterilebilir. İlgili rivayet, on emre dair maddelerle birlikte Tevrat, İncil ve Kur’ân’da kastedilen anlamlarıyla incelenerek kıyas edilmiştir. Yapılan kıyas sonrasında elde edeceğimiz bilgi, tekst-kontekst bağlamında ayrı bir değer taşımaktadır. Bu kıyas, ehli-i kitapla ilgili nakledilen bilginin doğruluğu noktasında ve interdisipliner düşünceye katkı sağlaması bakımından da önem kazanmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler Hadis, İslâmî İlimler, Vehb b. Münebbih, Nakil, On Emir
Kaynakça Buhârî, Ebû Abdillâh Muhammed b. İsmail. “Ehâdîsü’l-Enbiyâ”. Mevsûatü’l-Hadisi’ş-Şerif el-Kütübü’s-Sitte. -Sahihi’l-Buhâri, Sahihi’l-Müslim, Sünen-i Ebû Davud, Câmiü’t-Tirmizî, Süneni’n-Nesâi, Sünen-i İbn Mâce-. 50/1-670. Riyad: Dârü’s-Selâm, 3. Baskı, 1421/2000. Abd Al-Aziz. The Rise Of Historical Writing Among The Arabs. ed. ve çev. Lawrence I. Conrad. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983. Ekiz, Necmettin Salih. Oryantalizm ve Kur’ân: Alman-Yahudi Oryantalizminde Kur’ân’a Bakış. İstanbul: Ketebe Yayınları, 1. Baskı, 2023. Günther, Sebastian. “O People of the Scripture! Come to a Word Common to You and Us (Q. 3:64): The Ten Commandments and the Qur'an”. Journal of Qur'anic Studies. University Of Toronto. 9/1, (April 2007), 28-58. Hakîm Tirmizî, Ebû Abdillâh Muhammed b. Alî b. Hasen Hakîm Tirmizî. Nevâdirü’l-Usûl fî Ma'rifeti Ehâdîsi’r-Resûl, Selvetü’l-Ârifîn ve Büstânü’l-Muvahhidîn. thk. Tevfik Mahmud Tekle. 4. Cilt. Beyrût: Dâru Sadır, 2. Baskı, 1432/2011. Harman, Ömer Faruk, “On Emir”, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), 33/347-350. İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, 1. Baskı, 2007. Hıdır, Özcan. Yahûdi Kültürü ve Hadisler (İsrâiliyyât-Hadis İlişkisi). İstanbul: İnsan Yayınları, 4. Baskı, 2018. İbn Ebî Hâtim, Ebû Muhammed Abdurrahmân b. Muhammed b. İdrîs İbn Ebî Hâtim. Tefsîrü’l-Kur’âni’l-Azîm Müsneden an Rasûlillâh s.a.v. ve’s-Sâhabe ve’t-Tâbiîn. thk. Es’ad Muhammed et-Tayyîb. 1. Cilt. Mekke: Mektebetü Nizâr Mustafa el-Bâz, 1. Baskı, 1417/1997. İbn Kesîr, Ebü’l-Fidâ İmâdüddîn İsmâîl b. Ömer İbn Kesîr. Tefsîru'l-Kur'âni'l-Azîm. 1. Cilt. Beyrut: Müessesetü’l-Kütübi’s-Sekafiyye, 1. Baskı, 1416/1996. Kitâb-ı Mukaddes. İstanbul: Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi, 1. Baskı, 2000. Kisâî, Ebü’l-Hasan Ali b. Hamza b. Abdullâh. Kısasü’l-Enbiyâ. nşr. Isaac Eisenberg. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1. Baskı, 1340/1922. Lowın, Sharı L.. The Making of a Forefather: Abraham In Islamıc And Jewısh Exegetıcal Narratıves. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 5. Baskı, 2006. Mukâtil b. Süleymân, Ebü’l-Hasan Mukâtil b. Süleymân b. Beşîr. et-Tefsirü’l-Kebîr. thk. Abdullâh Mahmûd Şehhâte. Kahire: el-Hey’etü’l-Mısriyyetü’l-Âmme li’l-Kitâb, 1. Baskı, 1400/1980. Pregill, Michael. Isrâiliyyât myth and pseudepigraphy: Wahb b. Munabbih and the early Islamic versions of the fall of Adam and Eve. Kudüs: The Hebrew Unıversıty Of Jerusalem The Faculty Of Humanıtıes, The Institute of Asian and African Studies The Max Schloessinger Memorial Foundation, Jerusalem Studıes In Arabıc And Islam, 2008. Râzî, Ebû Abdillâh (Ebü’l-Fazl) Fahrüddîn Muhammed b. Ömer b. Hüseyn Fahreddîn Râzî. et-Tefsîru’l-Kebîr, Mefâtîhu’l-Gayb. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kütübi’l-İlmiyye, 3. Baskı, 1411/1990. Sa‘lebî, Ebû İshâk Ahmed b. Muhammed b. İbrâhîm en-Nisâbûrî. Kasasü’l-Enbiyâ. Beyrût: Dâru’l-Kütübi’l-İlmiyye, 4. Baskı, 1405/1985. Taberî, Ebû Câfer İbn Cerîr Muhammed b. Cerîr b. Yezîd. Câmiü’l-Beyân fî Tefsîri’l-Kur’ân. thk. Mahmûd Muhammed Şakir, Ahmed Muhammed Şakir. Beyrut: Dârü'l-Ma‘rife, 2. Baskı, 1406/1986.
" الوصايا العشر " في سياق رواية وهب بن منبه Yıl 2024, Sayı: 41, 61 – 81, 30.06.2024
Erhan Turan
https://doi.org/10.56361/usul.1453486
Öz يمكن تعريف السنة النبوية التي هي أحد المصادر الرئيسية للعلوم الإسلامية بأنها تحويل الأحاديث النبوية إلى السلوك. وبهذا المعنى اكتسبت أقوال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وأقوال الصحابة والتابعين أهمية من حيث تحويلها إلى سلوك، وأدرجت في المصنفات الأساسية. وبعض أحاديث التابعيين، وهي التي تسمى بالمقطوع والمنقول، وإن كان ذلك نادرًا؛ لتشابه المعلومات التي تحتويها مع المعلومات الموجودة في كتب أصحاب الديانات السابقة التي تستند إلى الوحي، وقد استفاد منها علماء الإسلام وأدرجوها في المصنفات ذات الصلة، وأصبحت مصدرًا من مصادر المعلومات. غير أن وهب بن منبه الذي انتقده بعض علماء المسلمين في بعض مروياته، كان مهماً برواياته وكان موضوع بحث مستقل، وقد استندوا إلى مروياته في بعض مروياته. وكذلك المستشرقون جعلوه أيضاً موضوعاً لبحثهم اهتماماً خاصاً وجعلوه محور نقدهم لكثرة مروياته على غرار المرويات التي تستند إلى التوراة والإنجيل. وفي هذا السياق يمكن أن نضرب مثالاً على ذلك الرواية ” الوصايا العشر ” المنسوبة إلى وهب بن منبه التي نسبت إلى وهب بن منبه ونقدها، والتي لها مكانة هامة في اليهودية والمسيحية. بعدما تم مقارنة الرواية عن وهب بالرواية التي يرويها قد تم تحليل الرواية ذات الصلة ومقارنتها مع معناها في اليهودية والمسيحية والإسلام و مواد الوصايا العشر.
Anahtar Kelimeler الحديث, العلوم الإسلامية, وهب بن منبه, النقل, الوصايا العشر
Kaynakça Buhârî, Ebû Abdillâh Muhammed b. İsmail. “Ehâdîsü’l-Enbiyâ”. Mevsûatü’l-Hadisi’ş-Şerif el-Kütübü’s-Sitte. -Sahihi’l-Buhâri, Sahihi’l-Müslim, Sünen-i Ebû Davud, Câmiü’t-Tirmizî, Süneni’n-Nesâi, Sünen-i İbn Mâce-. 50/1-670. Riyad: Dârü’s-Selâm, 3. Baskı, 1421/2000. Abd Al-Aziz. The Rise Of Historical Writing Among The Arabs. ed. ve çev. Lawrence I. Conrad. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983. Ekiz, Necmettin Salih. Oryantalizm ve Kur’ân: Alman-Yahudi Oryantalizminde Kur’ân’a Bakış. İstanbul: Ketebe Yayınları, 1. Baskı, 2023. Günther, Sebastian. “O People of the Scripture! Come to a Word Common to You and Us (Q. 3:64): The Ten Commandments and the Qur'an”. Journal of Qur'anic Studies. University Of Toronto. 9/1, (April 2007), 28-58. Hakîm Tirmizî, Ebû Abdillâh Muhammed b. Alî b. Hasen Hakîm Tirmizî. Nevâdirü’l-Usûl fî Ma'rifeti Ehâdîsi’r-Resûl, Selvetü’l-Ârifîn ve Büstânü’l-Muvahhidîn. thk. Tevfik Mahmud Tekle. 4. Cilt. Beyrût: Dâru Sadır, 2. Baskı, 1432/2011. Harman, Ömer Faruk, “On Emir”, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), 33/347-350. İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, 1. Baskı, 2007. Hıdır, Özcan. Yahûdi Kültürü ve Hadisler (İsrâiliyyât-Hadis İlişkisi). İstanbul: İnsan Yayınları, 4. Baskı, 2018. İbn Ebî Hâtim, Ebû Muhammed Abdurrahmân b. Muhammed b. İdrîs İbn Ebî Hâtim. Tefsîrü’l-Kur’âni’l-Azîm Müsneden an Rasûlillâh s.a.v. ve’s-Sâhabe ve’t-Tâbiîn. thk. Es’ad Muhammed et-Tayyîb. 1. Cilt. Mekke: Mektebetü Nizâr Mustafa el-Bâz, 1. Baskı, 1417/1997. İbn Kesîr, Ebü’l-Fidâ İmâdüddîn İsmâîl b. Ömer İbn Kesîr. Tefsîru'l-Kur'âni'l-Azîm. 1. Cilt. Beyrut: Müessesetü’l-Kütübi’s-Sekafiyye, 1. Baskı, 1416/1996. Kitâb-ı Mukaddes. İstanbul: Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi, 1. Baskı, 2000. Kisâî, Ebü’l-Hasan Ali b. Hamza b. Abdullâh. Kısasü’l-Enbiyâ. nşr. Isaac Eisenberg. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1. Baskı, 1340/1922. Lowın, Sharı L.. The Making of a Forefather: Abraham In Islamıc And Jewısh Exegetıcal Narratıves. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 5. Baskı, 2006. Mukâtil b. Süleymân, Ebü’l-Hasan Mukâtil b. Süleymân b. Beşîr. et-Tefsirü’l-Kebîr. thk. Abdullâh Mahmûd Şehhâte. Kahire: el-Hey’etü’l-Mısriyyetü’l-Âmme li’l-Kitâb, 1. Baskı, 1400/1980. Pregill, Michael. Isrâiliyyât myth and pseudepigraphy: Wahb b. Munabbih and the early Islamic versions of the fall of Adam and Eve. Kudüs: The Hebrew Unıversıty Of Jerusalem The Faculty Of Humanıtıes, The Institute of Asian and African Studies The Max Schloessinger Memorial Foundation, Jerusalem Studıes In Arabıc And Islam, 2008. Râzî, Ebû Abdillâh (Ebü’l-Fazl) Fahrüddîn Muhammed b. Ömer b. Hüseyn Fahreddîn Râzî. et-Tefsîru’l-Kebîr, Mefâtîhu’l-Gayb. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kütübi’l-İlmiyye, 3. Baskı, 1411/1990. Sa‘lebî, Ebû İshâk Ahmed b. Muhammed b. İbrâhîm en-Nisâbûrî. Kasasü’l-Enbiyâ. Beyrût: Dâru’l-Kütübi’l-İlmiyye, 4. Baskı, 1405/1985. Taberî, Ebû Câfer İbn Cerîr Muhammed b. Cerîr b. Yezîd. Câmiü’l-Beyân fî Tefsîri’l-Kur’ân. thk. Mahmûd Muhammed Şakir, Ahmed Muhammed Şakir. Beyrut: Dârü'l-Ma‘rife, 2. Baskı, 1406/1986.
‘The Ten Commandments’ in the Context of the Narration of Wahb Ibn Munabbih Yıl 2024, Sayı: 41, 61 – 81, 30.06.2024
Erhan Turan
https://doi.org/10.56361/usul.1453486
Öz Sunnah, one of the main sources of Islamic sciences, is the transformation of hadith into behaviour. In this sense, the sayings of the ashāb (companions) and the tabi‘ūn (successors) have gained importance in terms of behaviour and have been included in the works. Some of the sayings of the tabi‘ūn, which are called maqtu‘ and criticized for being similar to revelation-based religions, were included by Islamic scholars in their works and became a source of information, albeit rare. In this context, although Wahb ibn Munabbih was criticized, he gained importance with his narrations and became the subject of research. Again, orientalists have made him the centre of their criticism by investigating the similarity of his narrations with the texts of the Torah and the Bible. The ‘Ten Commandments’ narrative, which is also important in Judaism and Christianity, is an example of this claim. The narrative was compared with the Torah, the Bible and the Qur’an, which contains the Ten Commandments. The information to be obtained from the comparison is of particular value in the context of text-context. This comparison is important in terms of the accuracy of information about Ahl al-Bayt and its contribution to interdisciplinary thinking.
Anahtar Kelimeler Hadith, Islamic Sciences, Wahb ibn Munabbih, Narrative, Ten Commandments
Kaynakça Buhârî, Ebû Abdillâh Muhammed b. İsmail. “Ehâdîsü’l-Enbiyâ”. Mevsûatü’l-Hadisi’ş-Şerif el-Kütübü’s-Sitte. -Sahihi’l-Buhâri, Sahihi’l-Müslim, Sünen-i Ebû Davud, Câmiü’t-Tirmizî, Süneni’n-Nesâi, Sünen-i İbn Mâce-. 50/1-670. Riyad: Dârü’s-Selâm, 3. Baskı, 1421/2000. Abd Al-Aziz. The Rise Of Historical Writing Among The Arabs. ed. ve çev. Lawrence I. Conrad. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983. Ekiz, Necmettin Salih. Oryantalizm ve Kur’ân: Alman-Yahudi Oryantalizminde Kur’ân’a Bakış. İstanbul: Ketebe Yayınları, 1. Baskı, 2023. Günther, Sebastian. “O People of the Scripture! Come to a Word Common to You and Us (Q. 3:64): The Ten Commandments and the Qur'an”. Journal of Qur'anic Studies. University Of Toronto. 9/1, (April 2007), 28-58. Hakîm Tirmizî, Ebû Abdillâh Muhammed b. Alî b. Hasen Hakîm Tirmizî. Nevâdirü’l-Usûl fî Ma'rifeti Ehâdîsi’r-Resûl, Selvetü’l-Ârifîn ve Büstânü’l-Muvahhidîn. thk. Tevfik Mahmud Tekle. 4. Cilt. Beyrût: Dâru Sadır, 2. Baskı, 1432/2011. Harman, Ömer Faruk, “On Emir”, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), 33/347-350. İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, 1. Baskı, 2007. Hıdır, Özcan. Yahûdi Kültürü ve Hadisler (İsrâiliyyât-Hadis İlişkisi). İstanbul: İnsan Yayınları, 4. Baskı, 2018. İbn Ebî Hâtim, Ebû Muhammed Abdurrahmân b. Muhammed b. İdrîs İbn Ebî Hâtim. Tefsîrü’l-Kur’âni’l-Azîm Müsneden an Rasûlillâh s.a.v. ve’s-Sâhabe ve’t-Tâbiîn. thk. Es’ad Muhammed et-Tayyîb. 1. Cilt. Mekke: Mektebetü Nizâr Mustafa el-Bâz, 1. Baskı, 1417/1997. İbn Kesîr, Ebü’l-Fidâ İmâdüddîn İsmâîl b. Ömer İbn Kesîr. Tefsîru'l-Kur'âni'l-Azîm. 1. Cilt. Beyrut: Müessesetü’l-Kütübi’s-Sekafiyye, 1. Baskı, 1416/1996. Kitâb-ı Mukaddes. İstanbul: Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi, 1. Baskı, 2000. Kisâî, Ebü’l-Hasan Ali b. Hamza b. Abdullâh. Kısasü’l-Enbiyâ. nşr. Isaac Eisenberg. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1. Baskı, 1340/1922. Lowın, Sharı L.. The Making of a Forefather: Abraham In Islamıc And Jewısh Exegetıcal Narratıves. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 5. Baskı, 2006. Mukâtil b. Süleymân, Ebü’l-Hasan Mukâtil b. Süleymân b. Beşîr. et-Tefsirü’l-Kebîr. thk. Abdullâh Mahmûd Şehhâte. Kahire: el-Hey’etü’l-Mısriyyetü’l-Âmme li’l-Kitâb, 1. Baskı, 1400/1980. Pregill, Michael. Isrâiliyyât myth and pseudepigraphy: Wahb b. Munabbih and the early Islamic versions of the fall of Adam and Eve. Kudüs: The Hebrew Unıversıty Of Jerusalem The Faculty Of Humanıtıes, The Institute of Asian and African Studies The Max Schloessinger Memorial Foundation, Jerusalem Studıes In Arabıc And Islam, 2008. Râzî, Ebû Abdillâh (Ebü’l-Fazl) Fahrüddîn Muhammed b. Ömer b. Hüseyn Fahreddîn Râzî. et-Tefsîru’l-Kebîr, Mefâtîhu’l-Gayb. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kütübi’l-İlmiyye, 3. Baskı, 1411/1990. Sa‘lebî, Ebû İshâk Ahmed b. Muhammed b. İbrâhîm en-Nisâbûrî. Kasasü’l-Enbiyâ. Beyrût: Dâru’l-Kütübi’l-İlmiyye, 4. Baskı, 1405/1985. Taberî, Ebû Câfer İbn Cerîr Muhammed b. Cerîr b. Yezîd. Câmiü’l-Beyân fî Tefsîri’l-Kur’ân. thk. Mahmûd Muhammed Şakir, Ahmed Muhammed Şakir. Beyrut: Dârü'l-Ma‘rife, 2. Baskı, 1406/1986. Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Hadis Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Erhan Turan Bir kuruma bağlı değildir 0009-0004-4754-4264 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 6 Mayıs 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 41
Kaynak Göster ISNAD Turan, Erhan. “Vehb B. Münebbih Rivâyeti Bağlamında ‘On Emir’”. Usul İslam Araştırmaları 41 (Haziran 2024), 61-81. https://doi.org/10.56361/usul.1453486.
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