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Anlık Maksimum Debilerin 2025-2055 Dönemindeki Yağış ve Sıcaklık Farklılıklarına Göre Değişimi, Doğu Karadeniz Havzası İncelemesi Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 382 – 394, 18.07.2024
Hasan Törehan Babacan
https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1447159
Öz This study was carried out in the Eastern Black Sea Basin, where great loss of life and property was experienced due to heavy rains in the past years. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of climate change on instantaneous maximum flow (Qmax) rates. For this study, four Discharge Observation Stations (DOS) located at different altitudes in the central and eastern parts of the basin were selected: Flow Duration Curves (FDC) were obtained for the reference periods determined by considering the years with the longest continuous recorded data at the selected stations. Flow values corresponding to 95%, 50% and 5% probability of exceeding were obtained from FDCs and were used as estimating parameters for Qmax estimation together with annual average flow, annual total precipitation and annual average temperature data. In the study, forecasting consisted of two stages: calibration and future forecasting. In the calibration, the functions estimating the Qmax of the next year were determined with the data of the previous year by using the data observed in the reference period of the stations (Mean R = 0.975). In the second part, Qmax estimation was made 2025-2055 period using MPI-ESM-MR precipitation and temperature data under the effect of the RCP8.5 emission scenario, where it is reported that the most negative effects of climate change will be observed for the region. The findings obtained from the study showed that precipitation and temperature changes in the basin have statistically significant effects on Qmax, the level of change in the upper basins is limited, and high flow rates that may cause flooding in the lower basins can be observed in the future.
Anahtar Kelimeler Instantaneous Maximum Flow, Flood, Climate Change, Basin Water Management
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Energy, 286, Article 129566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.129566 Guo, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., & Zheng, H. X. (2021). Estimating impacts of wildfire and climate variability on streamflow in Victoria, Australia. Hydrological Processes, 35(12), Article e14439. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14439 Gürgen, G. (2004). Doğu Karadeniz Bölümünde Maksimum Yağışlar ve Taşkınlar Açısından Önemi. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(2), 79–92. Huber, C. J., Eichler, A., Mattea, E., Brütsch, S., Jenk, T. M., Gabrieli, J., Barbante, C., & Schwikowski, M. (2024). High-altitude glacier archives lost due to climate change-related melting. Nature Geoscience, 17, 110–113. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01366-1 Jehanzaib, M., Ajmal, M., Achite, M., & Kim, T-W. (2022). Comprehensive Review: Advancements in Rainfall-Runoff Modelling for Flood Mitigation. Climate, 10, Article 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10100147 Kat, C. J., & Els, P. S. (2012). Validation metric based on relative error. Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems, 18(5), 487–520. https://doi.org/10.1080/13873954.2012.663392 Longobardi, A., & Villani, P. (2013). A statistical, parsimonious, empirical framework for regional flow duration curve shape prediction in high permeability Mediterranean region. Journal of Hydrology, 507, 174–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.019 Meshram, S. G., Meshram, C., Santos, C. A. G., Benzougagh, B., & Khedher, K. M. (2022). Streamflow Prediction Based on Artificial Intelligence Techniques. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, 46, 2393–2403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-021-00696-7 Mundetia, N., Sharma, D., & Sharma, A., (2024). Groundwater sustainability assessment under climate change scenarios using integrated modelling approach and multi-criteria decision method. Ecological Modelling, 487, Article 110544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110544 Müller, M. F. & Thompson, S. E., (2016). Comparing statistical and process-based flow duration curve models in ungauged basins and changing rain regimes. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 20, 669–683. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-669-2016 Nyaupane, S., Poudel M. R., Panthi, B., Dhakal, A., Paudel, H., & Bhandari, R. (2024). Drought stress effect, tolerance, and management in wheat–a review. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 10(1), Article 2296094. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2296094 Prather, C. M., Pelini, S. L., Laws, A., Rivest, E., Woltz, M., Bloch, C. P., Del Toro, I., Ho, C-K., Kominoski, J., Newbold, T. A. S., Parsons, S., & Joern, A. (2013). Invertebrates, ecosystem services and climate change. Biological Reviews, 88(2), 327–348. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12002 Saka, F., & Yüksek, Ö. (2017). Belli aşılma olasılığına sahip debilerinin bölgeselleştirilmesi ve Doğu Karadeniz Havzası örneği. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering & Architecture of Gazi University, 32(2), 335–342. Searcy, J. K. (1959). Flow-duration curves (No. 1542). US Government Printing Office. Sharma, N., Mishra, B. K., & Baral, S. (2024). Climate change impacts on Seti Gandaki River flow from hydropower perspectives, Nepal. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 10, Article 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-01017-8 Smakhtin, V. U. (2001). Low flow hydrology: a review. Journal of Hydrology, 240(3–4), 147-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00340-1 Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G. K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J. & Midgley, P. M., (2014). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge University Press. Tsakiri, K., Marsellos, A., & Kapetanakis, S. (2018). Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression for Flood Prediction in Mohawk River, New York. Water, 10(9), Article 1158. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10091158 Tsarouchi, G. M., (2014). Modelling land-use and climate change impacts on hydrology: The upper ganges river basin [PhD thesis, Imperial Collage London]. Vogel, R. M., & Fennessey, N. M. (1994). Flow-duration curves. I: New interpretation and confidence intervals. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 120(4), 485–504. Wu, S., Yin, Y., Zheng, D., & Yang, Q. (2006), Moisture conditions and climate trends in China during the period 1971–2000. International Journal of Climatology, 26(2), 193-206. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1245 Yüksek, Ö., Babacan, H. T., & Yüksek, O. (2022). Doğu Karadeniz Havzası’nda taşkın sebepleri, zararları ve taşkın yönetimi çalışmaları. Türk Hidrolik Dergisi, 6(2), 36–46.
Anlık Maksimum Debilerin 2025-2055 Dönemindeki Yağış ve Sıcaklık Farklılıklarına Göre Değişimi, Doğu Karadeniz Havzası İncelemesi Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 382 – 394, 18.07.2024
Hasan Törehan Babacan
https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1447159
Öz Bu çalışma geçmiş yıllarda şiddetli yağışlara bağlı, büyük can ve maddi kayıpların yaşandığı Doğu Karadeniz Havzası’nda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacı iklim değişikliğinin anlık maksimum debilere etki düzeyinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu araştırma için havzanın orta ve doğu kesimlerinde farklı rakımlarda bulunan dört Akım Gözlem İstasyonu (AGİ) seçilmiştir Seçilen istasyonlarda en uzun süre kesintisiz kaydedilmiş verilerin bulunduğu yıllar göz önüne alınarak belirlenen referans dönemler için Debi Süreklilik Eğrileri (DSE) elde edilmiştir. DSE’lerden %95, %50 ve %5 aşılma olasılığına karşılık gelen debi değerleri elde edilmiş ve yıllık ortalama debi, yıllık toplam yağış ve yıllık ortalama sıcaklık verileriyle birlikte anlık maksimum debi (Qmaks) tahmini için tahminleyici parametre olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada tahminleme kalibrasyon ve gelecek tahmini olmak üzere iki aşamadan oluşmuştur. Kalibrasyon kısmında istasyonların referans dönemi içerisinde gözlenmiş veriler kullanılarak önceki yıl verileriyle bir sonraki yıl Qmaks değerini tahmin eden fonksiyonlar belirlenmiştir (Ortalama R=0,975). İkinci kısımda bölge için iklim değişikliğinin en olumsuz etkilerinin gözleneceği bildirilen RCP8.5 emisyon senaryosu etkisi altında MPI-ESM-MR yağış ve sıcaklık verileri kullanılarak 2025-2055 yılları aralığında Qmaks tahmini yapılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, havzada yağış ve sıcaklık değişimlerinin Qmaks üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkilerinin olduğunu, üst havzalardaki değişim düzeyinin sınırlı olduğunu ve alt havzalarda gelecekte taşkın oluşturabilecek yüksek debilerin gözlenebileceğini göstermiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler Anlık Maksimum Debi, Taşkın, İklim Değişikliği, Havza Su Yönetimi
Kaynakça Adnan, M., Liu, S., Saifullah, M., Iqbal, M., Saddique, Q., Ul Hussan, W., & Latif, Y. (2024). Estimation of changes in runoff and its sources in response to future climate change in a critical zone of the Karakoram mountainous region, Pakistan in the near and far future. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 15(1), Article 2291330. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2023.2291330 Ahlgren, P., Jarneving, B., & Rousseau, R. (2003), Requirements for a cocitation similarity measure, with special reference to Pearson's correlation coefficient. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 54(6), 550–560. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.10242 Babacan, H. T., Yüksek, Ö., & Saka, F. (2022). Yapay zeka ve sezgisel regresyon yöntemlerinin yağış-akış modellemesi için performans değerlendirmesi: Aksu Deresi için bir uygulama. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3), 744–751. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1079616 Badyalina, B., & Shabri, A. (2013). Streamflow forecasting at ungauged sites using multiple linear regression. MATEMATIKA: Malaysian Journal of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 26(1b), 67–75. Bahareh, K., Biswajeet, P., Seyed, A. N., Alireza, M., & Shattri, M. (2018). Assessment of the effects of training data selection on the landslide susceptibility mapping: a comparison between support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 9(1), 49–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2017.1407368 Cheng, W-C., Hsu, N-S., Cheng, W-M., & Yeh, W.W-G. (2011). Optimization of European call options considering physical delivery network and reservoir operation rules. Water Resources Research, 47(10), Article W10501. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010423 Demircan, M., Gürkan, H., Eskioğlu, O., Arabacı, H., & Coşkun, M. (2017). Climate change projections for Turkey: three models and two scenarios. Turkish Journal of Water Science and Management, 1(1), 22–43. https://doi.org/10.31807/tjwsm.297183 Elbaşı, E., & Özdemir, H. (2023). Akım gözlem istasyonu bulunmayan havzalarda taşkın debisi tahmini: Doğu Karadeniz örneği. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 84, 85–96. Grey, V., Smith-Miles, K., Fletcher, T. D., Hatt, B. E., & Coleman, R. A. (2023). Empirical evidence of climate change and urbanization impacts on warming stream temperatures. Water Research, 247, Article 120703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120703 Gulay, E., Sen, M., & Akgun, O. B. (2024). Forecasting electricity production from various energy sources in Türkiye: A predictive analysis of time series, deep learning, and hybrid models. Energy, 286, Article 129566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.129566 Guo, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., & Zheng, H. X. (2021). Estimating impacts of wildfire and climate variability on streamflow in Victoria, Australia. Hydrological Processes, 35(12), Article e14439. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14439 Gürgen, G. (2004). Doğu Karadeniz Bölümünde Maksimum Yağışlar ve Taşkınlar Açısından Önemi. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(2), 79–92. Huber, C. J., Eichler, A., Mattea, E., Brütsch, S., Jenk, T. M., Gabrieli, J., Barbante, C., & Schwikowski, M. (2024). High-altitude glacier archives lost due to climate change-related melting. Nature Geoscience, 17, 110–113. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01366-1 Jehanzaib, M., Ajmal, M., Achite, M., & Kim, T-W. (2022). Comprehensive Review: Advancements in Rainfall-Runoff Modelling for Flood Mitigation. Climate, 10, Article 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10100147 Kat, C. J., & Els, P. S. (2012). Validation metric based on relative error. Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems, 18(5), 487–520. https://doi.org/10.1080/13873954.2012.663392 Longobardi, A., & Villani, P. (2013). A statistical, parsimonious, empirical framework for regional flow duration curve shape prediction in high permeability Mediterranean region. Journal of Hydrology, 507, 174–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.019 Meshram, S. G., Meshram, C., Santos, C. A. G., Benzougagh, B., & Khedher, K. M. (2022). Streamflow Prediction Based on Artificial Intelligence Techniques. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, 46, 2393–2403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-021-00696-7 Mundetia, N., Sharma, D., & Sharma, A., (2024). Groundwater sustainability assessment under climate change scenarios using integrated modelling approach and multi-criteria decision method. Ecological Modelling, 487, Article 110544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110544 Müller, M. F. & Thompson, S. E., (2016). Comparing statistical and process-based flow duration curve models in ungauged basins and changing rain regimes. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 20, 669–683. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-669-2016 Nyaupane, S., Poudel M. R., Panthi, B., Dhakal, A., Paudel, H., & Bhandari, R. (2024). Drought stress effect, tolerance, and management in wheat–a review. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 10(1), Article 2296094. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2296094 Prather, C. M., Pelini, S. L., Laws, A., Rivest, E., Woltz, M., Bloch, C. P., Del Toro, I., Ho, C-K., Kominoski, J., Newbold, T. A. S., Parsons, S., & Joern, A. (2013). Invertebrates, ecosystem services and climate change. Biological Reviews, 88(2), 327–348. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12002 Saka, F., & Yüksek, Ö. (2017). Belli aşılma olasılığına sahip debilerinin bölgeselleştirilmesi ve Doğu Karadeniz Havzası örneği. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering & Architecture of Gazi University, 32(2), 335–342. Searcy, J. K. (1959). Flow-duration curves (No. 1542). US Government Printing Office. Sharma, N., Mishra, B. K., & Baral, S. (2024). Climate change impacts on Seti Gandaki River flow from hydropower perspectives, Nepal. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 10, Article 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-01017-8 Smakhtin, V. U. (2001). Low flow hydrology: a review. Journal of Hydrology, 240(3–4), 147-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00340-1 Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G. K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J. & Midgley, P. M., (2014). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge University Press. Tsakiri, K., Marsellos, A., & Kapetanakis, S. (2018). Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression for Flood Prediction in Mohawk River, New York. Water, 10(9), Article 1158. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10091158 Tsarouchi, G. M., (2014). Modelling land-use and climate change impacts on hydrology: The upper ganges river basin [PhD thesis, Imperial Collage London]. Vogel, R. M., & Fennessey, N. M. (1994). Flow-duration curves. I: New interpretation and confidence intervals. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 120(4), 485–504. Wu, S., Yin, Y., Zheng, D., & Yang, Q. (2006), Moisture conditions and climate trends in China during the period 1971–2000. International Journal of Climatology, 26(2), 193-206. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1245 Yüksek, Ö., Babacan, H. T., & Yüksek, O. (2022). Doğu Karadeniz Havzası’nda taşkın sebepleri, zararları ve taşkın yönetimi çalışmaları. Türk Hidrolik Dergisi, 6(2), 36–46. Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular İnşaat Mühendisliği (Diğer), Hidroloji (Diğer) Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Hasan Törehan Babacan AMASYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0001-9570-1966 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Temmuz 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 10 Nisan 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2
Kaynak Göster APA Babacan, H. T. (2024). Anlık Maksimum Debilerin 2025-2055 Dönemindeki Yağış ve Sıcaklık Farklılıklarına Göre Değişimi, Doğu Karadeniz Havzası İncelemesi. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi, 10(2), 382-394. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1447159 AMA Babacan HT. Anlık Maksimum Debilerin 2025-2055 Dönemindeki Yağış ve Sıcaklık Farklılıklarına Göre Değişimi, Doğu Karadeniz Havzası İncelemesi. Doğ Afet Çev Derg. Temmuz 2024;10(2):382-394. doi:10.21324/dacd.1447159 Chicago Babacan, Hasan Törehan. “Anlık Maksimum Debilerin 2025-2055 Dönemindeki Yağış Ve Sıcaklık Farklılıklarına Göre Değişimi, Doğu Karadeniz Havzası İncelemesi”. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi 10, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2024): 382-94. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1447159. EndNote Babacan HT (01 Temmuz 2024) Anlık Maksimum Debilerin 2025-2055 Dönemindeki Yağış ve Sıcaklık Farklılıklarına Göre Değişimi, Doğu Karadeniz Havzası İncelemesi. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 10 2 382–394. IEEE H. T. Babacan, “Anlık Maksimum Debilerin 2025-2055 Dönemindeki Yağış ve Sıcaklık Farklılıklarına Göre Değişimi, Doğu Karadeniz Havzası İncelemesi”, Doğ Afet Çev Derg , c. 10, sy. 2, ss. 382–394, 2024, doi: 10.21324/dacd.1447159. ISNAD Babacan, Hasan Törehan. “Anlık Maksimum Debilerin 2025-2055 Dönemindeki Yağış Ve Sıcaklık Farklılıklarına Göre Değişimi, Doğu Karadeniz Havzası İncelemesi”. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 10/2 (Temmuz 2024), 382-394. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1447159. JAMA Babacan HT. Anlık Maksimum Debilerin 2025-2055 Dönemindeki Yağış ve Sıcaklık Farklılıklarına Göre Değişimi, Doğu Karadeniz Havzası İncelemesi. Doğ Afet Çev Derg . 2024;10:382–394. MLA Babacan, Hasan Törehan. “Anlık Maksimum Debilerin 2025-2055 Dönemindeki Yağış Ve Sıcaklık Farklılıklarına Göre Değişimi, Doğu Karadeniz Havzası İncelemesi”. Doğal Afetler Ve Çevre Dergisi, c. 10, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 382-94, doi:10.21324/dacd.1447159. Vancouver Babacan HT. Anlık Maksimum Debilerin 2025-2055 Dönemindeki Yağış ve Sıcaklık Farklılıklarına Göre Değişimi, Doğu Karadeniz Havzası İncelemesi. Doğ Afet Çev Derg. 2024;10(2):382-94.
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