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Öne Çıkan Dil Öğretim Metotları: Temeller, Gelişimler ve Analiz Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 22, 52 – 76, 15.07.2024
Dr. Mohamad Burhan Kannas
https://doi.org/10.17050/kafkasilahiyat.1431152
Öz It has been discussed throughout history how to teach a language other than the mother tongue. Method is defined as a comprehensive plan that the teacher follows according to his/her objectives and controls the teaching activity. Technique, on the other hand, falls within the scope of method as it is the partial steps followed in classroom lessons. The method in language teaching is one of the important factors affecting the learning process. Although these methods have often emerged as a result of opposing approaches, they have been developed from the past to the present. We can say that this development process was formed on the basis of historical necessity. Each method is seen as an alternative to the previous method. The diversity in language teaching has revealed the problem of which method is more effective. In this article, the most common language teaching methods are discussed and examined. These methods are; grammar-translation method, straight-arrival method (direct method), reading method, audio-linguistic method. Teaching methodsand their positive and negative features are mentioned.
Anahtar Kelimeler Arabic Language, Arabic Language Teaching, Teaching Methods, Mother tongue, Style
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Öne Çıkan Dil Öğretim Metotları: Temeller, Gelişimler ve Analiz Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 22, 52 – 76, 15.07.2024
Dr. Mohamad Burhan Kannas
https://doi.org/10.17050/kafkasilahiyat.1431152
Öz Ana dilinden farklı bir dil öğreniminde dilin nasıl öğretileceği tarih boyunca tartışılmıştır. Yöntem, öğretmenin hedeflerine göre takip ettiği ve öğretim faaliyetini kontrol ettiği kapsamlı bir plan olarak tanımlanmıştır. Teknik ise sınıf içindeki derslerde izlenen kısmî adımlar olması itibariyle yöntemin kapsamına girer. Dil öğretiminde yöntem, öğrenme sürecini etkileyen önemli etkenlerden biridir. Bu yöntemler çoğu zaman birbirlerine karşıt yaklaşım sonucunda ortaya çıkmış olsa da geçmişten günümüze geliştirilmiştir. Bu gelişim sürecinin tarihsel gereksinim temelinde oluştuğunu söyleyebiliriz. Her yöntem kendinden önceki yöntemin de alternatifi olarak görülür. Dil öğretimindeki çeşitlilik hangi yöntemin daha etkili olduğu problemini de ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu makalede de en yaygın dil öğretim yöntemleri incelenmiştir. Bu yöntemler; dil bilgisi-çeviri yöntemi, düz varım yöntemi (direkt yöntemi), okuma yöntemi, işitsel-dilsel yöntemdir. Öğretim yöntemlerinin yanı sıra bunların olumlu ve olumsuz özelliklerine değinilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler Arapça, Arapça Eğitimi, Eğitim Metodu, Ana Dil, Üslup
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Rabâbiah, İbrahim, el-Muhteve’l-Luğaviyyu ve Tedrîsuh, Meclisu’l-Elûkeh Sitesi, https://www.alukah.net/. er-Rakıb, Muhammed Hamdân, İ’dâdü Menâhici Ta’lîmi’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyyeti li’n-Nâtıkîne bi Ğayrihâ, ve İhrâcuhâ, Meclisu’l-Elûkeh sitesi, https://www.alukah.net/. Richard, Jacques, Tatvîru Menâhici Ta’lîmi’l-Luğati’l-Arabî, trc.: Nâsır Ğâlî ve Sâlih Şuveyrih, Dâru’n-Neşr, y.y., t.y. Richards, Jack Rodgers, Theodore, Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching, İntişârâtü Ümmi’l-Kur’ân, Second Edition, Tahran, 1963. Riolfi, Alessandro, A History Of The Concept Of Parameter In Generatı ve Grammar, Doktora Tezi, Deglı Studı Dı Verona Üniversitesi, Verona, 2017. Ruveyne, Nezîhe, et-Tevâsulü fi’l-Kasası’l-Kur’ânî, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Muhammed Haydar Üniversitesi, Beskera-Cezair, 2013. Sa’dî, Abdurrezzâk, Zekeriyya, Abdulvehhâb, «Menhacü Mükterah lî Ta’lîmi’n-Nahvî’l-Arabî li’n-Nâtıkîne bi Ğayri’l-Arabiyye: min Hilâl Nakdı Kitâbey: el-Arabiyye li’n-Nâşiîn 1 ve el-Arabiyye 2», Embâr Üniversitesi İslâmi İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi, cilt. III, sayı. 10, sene 3, Irak, Haziran 2011, s. 524-529. Sanavber, Ahmed, Yüsrî, İslâm, el-Mansûr, İbrahim, Hâc, Fâris, Mudar, Ebhâsü Mü’temari İstanbul ed-Düvelî es-Sâni: Ta’lîmü’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyye li’n-Natıkîne bi Ğayrihâ: İdâât ve Meâlim, Sempozyum, Isar Yayınları, 1. Baskı, İstanbul, 2016. Sayyâh, Antûan, Ta’lumiyyetü’l-Kavâidi’l-Arabiyye, Beyrut, Dâru’n-Nahdati’l-Arabiyye, 1. Baskı, Beyrut, 2011. Şahin, Abdülhamid, İstirâtîciyâtü’t-Tedrîsi’l-Mütekaddime ve’s-Tirâticiyâtü’t-Teallüm ve Enmâtı’l-Teallüm, Eğitim Formasyonu, İskenderiyye Üniversitesi, İskenderiye, 2011. Şenîn, Belhayr, «Turuku Tedrîsi’l-Kavâidi’n-Nahviyye ve Alâkatuhâ bi Fikri İbn Haldûn», el-Eser Dergisinden Makale, sayı. 13, Cezair, 2012. Şevk, Mahmud, el-İtticâhâtü’l-Hadîse fî Tahtîtı’l-Menâhici’d-Dirâsiyye fî Davi’t-Tevcihâti’l-İslâmiyye, Dâru’l-Fikri’l-Arabî, Kahire, 2001. eş-Şüceyri, Hâdi Ahmed Ferhân, Dirâsâtü’l-Luğaviyye ve’n-Nahviyye fi Müellefâti Şeyhi’l-İslâmi İbn-i Teymiyye ve Eseruhâ fi’s-Tinbâti’l-Ahkâmı’ş-Şerıyye, Dâru’l-Beşâiri’l İslâmiyye, 1. Baskı, Beyrut, 2001. Tşuan, Yang Suad, «Tedrîsü’l-Kavâidi’n-Nahviyye li’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyye li Ğayri’n-Nâtikîne bihâ» Yabancı Bilimler Üniversitesi, Arapça Fakültesi, Pekin, (Sempozyum), s. 371-384. Tuayme, Rüşdî, el-Merciu fî Ta’limü’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyye li’n-Nâtıkîne biluğâti Uhrâ, Ummü’l-Kurâ Üniversitesi, Suudi Arabistan, 1986. Tuayme, Rüşdî, el-Üsüsü’l-Mu’cemiyye ve’s-Sekâfiyye li Ta’lîmi’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyye li Ğayrı’n-Natıkîne bihâ, Ümmü’l-Kurâ Üniversitesi, el-Memleketü’l-Arabiyyeti’s-Su’ûdiyye, 1982. el-Udvân, Zeyd, el-Havâmide Muhammed, Tesmîmu’t-Tedrîs, Dâru el-Mesîra, 1.Baskı, Amman, 2011. el-Usaylî, Abdulazîz, Esâsiyyetü Ta’lîmü’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyye li’n-Nâtıkîne bi Luğâti Uhrâ, Ümmü’l-Kurâ Üniversitesi, 1. Baskı, Mekke, 2002. Wilkins, David, el-Luğâtü’s-Sâniye Keyfe Neteallemuhâ ve Nuallimuhâ, İnternetten Makale s. 745-787, http://guidetoarabic.net/ar/. Yakup, Saliha, Dirâsetün Nakdiyye fi’t-Tefkîri’n-Nahviyyi’l-Arabî, Dâru’s-Selâm, 1. Baskı, Mısır, 2014.
أشهر طرق تعليم اللغة: الأسس والتطورات و التحليل Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 22, 52 – 76, 15.07.2024
Dr. Mohamad Burhan Kannas
https://doi.org/10.17050/kafkasilahiyat.1431152
Öz Anahtar Kelimeler اللغة العربية, تعليم العربية, طرق التعليم, اللغة الأم, الأسلوب
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Behçet, Müneccid, «el-Arabiyye ve Ta’lîmuhâ li Ğayri’n-Nâtıkîne bihâ ve Cuhûdü el-Câmiati’l-Arabiyyeti’l-İslamiyyeti’l-Âlemiyye», Uluslararası Arapça Eğitimi Sempozyumu, 2011, (SAPBA’11): Vizyon ve Zorluklar, Malezya-Çin, s. 708-727. Brown, Douglas, Ususu Teallümü’l-Luğati ve Ta’lîmihâ, trc.: Abduh Râcihî ve Ali Şaban, en-Nehdatü’l-Arabiyye, Lübnan, 1994. Bûkurbe, Lütfî, Muhâdarâtün fi’l-Lisâniyati’t-Tatbîkiyye, Beşşar Üniversitesi, Cezair, 2003. Civelek, Yakup, «Türkiyede Arapça Öğretimine Dair Bazı Teklifler», Yüzüncü Yıl İlâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, sayı. 2, Van, 1998. Ebu Amşe, Hâlid, vd., ed-Delîlü’t-Tedribî fî Tedrîsi Mehârâti’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyye ve Anâsırihâ li’n-Nâtıkîne bi Ğayrihâ, Merkezü’l-Melik Abdullah İbn-i Abdulaziz ed-Devli, 1. Baskı, Riyad, 2017. el-Ensârî, İsmail, A’lâmu'l-Magrib ve’l-Endülüs fi’l-Karnissâmin, thk.: Muhammed ed-Dâyeh, Müessetü’l-Risâle, Beyrut, 1. Baskı, 1976. Fadlullâh, Muhammed Recep, «Medhalu Tedrîsi’l-Kavâidi bi’l-Merhaleti’l-İbtidâiyye», Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Birleşmiş Arap Emirliği Üniversitesi, Yıl 16, sayı. 18, 2001. Feriha, Enîs, Nazariyyâtün fi’l-Luğa, Dâru’l-Kitabi’l-Lübnanî, 2. Baskı, Beyrut, 1981. Fethi, Tşen Jiyan Min, Miftâhu’n-Necâh fî’t-Terceme, Kapansang Üniversitesi, Malezya, s. 549-563, https://www.scribd.com/document/. el-Fevzen, Abdurrahman, İdââtün lî Muallimi el-Luğati’l-Arabiyye li Ğayri’n-Nâtıkîne bihâ, Tekin Kitabevi, Türkiye, 2005. Haddâd, Fetîha, İbn Haldûn ve Ârâuhu’l-Luğaviyye ve’t-Ta’lîmiyye, Menşûrât Muhbiri’l-Mümârasâti’l-Luğavî fi’l-Cezâir, 2011. el-Hamed, Ğânim, Ebhâsun fi’l-Arabiyyeti’l-Fushâ, Dâru Ammar, 1. Baskı, Ürdün, 2005. el-Hamevî, Şihâbuddîn, Mu’cemu’l-Udebâ, thk.: İhsan Abbas, Dâru’l-Garbi’l-İslâmiy, Beyrut, 1. Baskı, 1993. Hâmirlî, Hiktor, en-Nazariyyetü’t-Tekâmüliyye fî Tedrisi’l-Luğâti ve Netâicuhâ el-Ameliyye, trc.: Râşid Ed-Duveyş, Kral Fehd Kütüphanesi, Suudi Arabistan, 1985. Hammar, Nesime, İşkâliyyetü Ta’limi Mâddeti’n-Nahvi’l-Arabî fi’l-Câmia, Menşûrâtü Mahberi‘l-Mümârasâti’l-Luğaviyye, Yayınlanmamış Yüsek Lisans Tezi, Mevlud Ma’merî Üniversitesi, Cezair, 2011. el-Hârisî, Fehd, el-İttisâlü Luğavî fi’l-Kur’âni’l-Kerîm: Dirâsetün Te’sîliyyetün fi’l-Mefâhîmi ve’l-Mehârat, Müntedâ’l-Meârif, 1. Baskı, Beyrut, 2014. Harmâ, Naîf, Haccâc, Ali, el-Luğâtü’l-Ecnebiyye Ta’lîmuhâ ve Tağallumuhâ, Alemu’l-Mağrife Dergisi, Ulusal Kültürel Meclis, Kuveyt, 1988. Hassân, Temmâm, el-Luğatü’l-Arabiyye Mebnâhâ ve Ma’nâhâ, Dâru’s-Sekâfe, Dâru’l-Beydâ, 1994. Hatâmile, Musa: «Nazariyyâtü İktisâbi’l-Luğati’s-Sâniye ve Tatbîkâtühâ et-Terbeviyye», 2. Kısım, Mecmeğı’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyyeti’l-Ürdünî Dergisi, sayı. 70, 30. Sene, Amman, 2006. Heridî, Îmân, Medkûr, Ali, Ta’limu’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyye li Ğayri’n-Nâtıkîne bihâ: en-Nazariyyetü ve’t-Tatbîk, Dâru’l-Fikril’l-Arabi, 1. Baskı, Mısır, 2006. Hudeybî, Ali, Delîlu Muallimi’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyye li’n-Nâtıkîne bi Ğâyrihâ, Dâru Vucûh, 1. Baskı, Riyad, 2015. el-Hûlî, Muhammed Ali, Esâlîbu Tedrîsi’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyye, y.y., 3. Baskı, Suudi Arabistan, 1989. İbn Cinnî, Ebu’l-Feth Osman, el-Hasâis, thk.: Muhammed Ali Neccâr, Dâru’l-Kütübi’l-Mısriyye, 2. Baskı, Kahire, 1990. İbnü’l Gazzî, Şemsüddîn, Dîvânü’l-Îslâm, thk.: Seyyid Kesraviy, Dâru’l-Kutubî’l-İlmıyye, Beyrut, 1. Baskı, 1990. İbn Haldûn, Abdurrahman, Mukaddimetü İbn Haldûn, thk.: Abdullah Dervîş, Dâru Ya’rib, 1. Baskı, Şam, 2004. İbn Manzûr, Muhammed Bin Mukerram, Lisânü’l-Arab, Dâru’s-Sâdir, 1. Baskı, Beyrut-Lübnan, 1883. İsmail Durmuş, “Temmâm Hassân”, DİA, EK-II, 589-591. el-Kaysî, Avdetullah, el-Arabiyyetü’l-Fushâ Murûnetühâ ve Aklâniyyetühâ ve Esbâbü Hulûdihâ, Dâru’l-Bidâye, 1. Baskı, Amman, 2008. Kristal, David, Mavtü’l-Luğa, trc.: Fehdi Lehiybi, Tebük Üniversitesi, Tebük, 2013. Larsen-Freeman Diane, Esâlibu ve Mebâdiu fî Tedrîsi’l-Luğa, trc.: Aişe Said-Murâceat Mahmud Salih, en-Neşru’l-İlmî Kral Suud Üniversitesi, Suudi Arabistan, 1995. Larsen-Freeman Diane and Marti Anderson, Techniques & Principles in Language Teaching, Oxford, Third Edition, China, 2011. Medkûr, Ali, Tedrîsü Fünuni’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyye, Dâru’l-Fikri’l-Arabi, 3. Baskı, Kahire-Mısır, 2006. Muhammed, Abdunnûr, Muhtevâ Berâmicü Ta’limu’l Luğati’l-Arabiyyeti li’n-Nâtıkîne bi Ğayrihâ fî Davi’l-Lisaniyyeti’l-Hadîse, http://guidetoarabic.net/ar/categories/, Makale, 1-24. Muhtar, Ahmed Ömer, Mu’cemü’l-Lugati’l-Arabiyyeti’l-Muâsır, Alemü’l-Kütüb, 1. Baskı, Kahir-Mısır, 2008. Mutuvellî, Numan, el-Mürşidü’l-Muâsır, Dâru’l-İlmi ve’l-Îmân, 1. Baskı, Kefru’ş-Şeyh, 2012. en-Nâka, Mahmud Kamil, Ta’lîmu’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyyeti li’n-Nâtıkîne bi Luğâtin Uhrâ: Ususuhu-Medâhiluhu-Turuku Tedrîsihi, Ümmü’l-Kurâ Matbaaları, Mekke, 1985. Rabâbiah, İbrahim, el-Muhteve’l-Luğaviyyu ve Tedrîsuh, Meclisu’l-Elûkeh Sitesi, https://www.alukah.net/. er-Rakıb, Muhammed Hamdân, İ’dâdü Menâhici Ta’lîmi’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyyeti li’n-Nâtıkîne bi Ğayrihâ, ve İhrâcuhâ, Meclisu’l-Elûkeh sitesi, https://www.alukah.net/. Richard, Jacques, Tatvîru Menâhici Ta’lîmi’l-Luğati’l-Arabî, trc.: Nâsır Ğâlî ve Sâlih Şuveyrih, Dâru’n-Neşr, y.y., t.y. Richards, Jack Rodgers, Theodore, Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching, İntişârâtü Ümmi’l-Kur’ân, Second Edition, Tahran, 1963. Riolfi, Alessandro, A History Of The Concept Of Parameter In Generatı ve Grammar, Doktora Tezi, Deglı Studı Dı Verona Üniversitesi, Verona, 2017. Ruveyne, Nezîhe, et-Tevâsulü fi’l-Kasası’l-Kur’ânî, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Muhammed Haydar Üniversitesi, Beskera-Cezair, 2013. Sa’dî, Abdurrezzâk, Zekeriyya, Abdulvehhâb, «Menhacü Mükterah lî Ta’lîmi’n-Nahvî’l-Arabî li’n-Nâtıkîne bi Ğayri’l-Arabiyye: min Hilâl Nakdı Kitâbey: el-Arabiyye li’n-Nâşiîn 1 ve el-Arabiyye 2», Embâr Üniversitesi İslâmi İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi, cilt. III, sayı. 10, sene 3, Irak, Haziran 2011, s. 524-529. Sanavber, Ahmed, Yüsrî, İslâm, el-Mansûr, İbrahim, Hâc, Fâris, Mudar, Ebhâsü Mü’temari İstanbul ed-Düvelî es-Sâni: Ta’lîmü’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyye li’n-Natıkîne bi Ğayrihâ: İdâât ve Meâlim, Sempozyum, Isar Yayınları, 1. Baskı, İstanbul, 2016. Sayyâh, Antûan, Ta’lumiyyetü’l-Kavâidi’l-Arabiyye, Beyrut, Dâru’n-Nahdati’l-Arabiyye, 1. Baskı, Beyrut, 2011. Şahin, Abdülhamid, İstirâtîciyâtü’t-Tedrîsi’l-Mütekaddime ve’s-Tirâticiyâtü’t-Teallüm ve Enmâtı’l-Teallüm, Eğitim Formasyonu, İskenderiyye Üniversitesi, İskenderiye, 2011. Şenîn, Belhayr, «Turuku Tedrîsi’l-Kavâidi’n-Nahviyye ve Alâkatuhâ bi Fikri İbn Haldûn», el-Eser Dergisinden Makale, sayı. 13, Cezair, 2012. Şevk, Mahmud, el-İtticâhâtü’l-Hadîse fî Tahtîtı’l-Menâhici’d-Dirâsiyye fî Davi’t-Tevcihâti’l-İslâmiyye, Dâru’l-Fikri’l-Arabî, Kahire, 2001. eş-Şüceyri, Hâdi Ahmed Ferhân, Dirâsâtü’l-Luğaviyye ve’n-Nahviyye fi Müellefâti Şeyhi’l-İslâmi İbn-i Teymiyye ve Eseruhâ fi’s-Tinbâti’l-Ahkâmı’ş-Şerıyye, Dâru’l-Beşâiri’l İslâmiyye, 1. Baskı, Beyrut, 2001. Tşuan, Yang Suad, «Tedrîsü’l-Kavâidi’n-Nahviyye li’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyye li Ğayri’n-Nâtikîne bihâ» Yabancı Bilimler Üniversitesi, Arapça Fakültesi, Pekin, (Sempozyum), s. 371-384. Tuayme, Rüşdî, el-Merciu fî Ta’limü’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyye li’n-Nâtıkîne biluğâti Uhrâ, Ummü’l-Kurâ Üniversitesi, Suudi Arabistan, 1986. Tuayme, Rüşdî, el-Üsüsü’l-Mu’cemiyye ve’s-Sekâfiyye li Ta’lîmi’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyye li Ğayrı’n-Natıkîne bihâ, Ümmü’l-Kurâ Üniversitesi, el-Memleketü’l-Arabiyyeti’s-Su’ûdiyye, 1982. el-Udvân, Zeyd, el-Havâmide Muhammed, Tesmîmu’t-Tedrîs, Dâru el-Mesîra, 1.Baskı, Amman, 2011. el-Usaylî, Abdulazîz, Esâsiyyetü Ta’lîmü’l-Luğati’l-Arabiyye li’n-Nâtıkîne bi Luğâti Uhrâ, Ümmü’l-Kurâ Üniversitesi, 1. Baskı, Mekke, 2002. Wilkins, David, el-Luğâtü’s-Sâniye Keyfe Neteallemuhâ ve Nuallimuhâ, İnternetten Makale s. 745-787, http://guidetoarabic.net/ar/. Yakup, Saliha, Dirâsetün Nakdiyye fi’t-Tefkîri’n-Nahviyyi’l-Arabî, Dâru’s-Selâm, 1. Baskı, Mısır, 2014. Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Arap Dili ve Belagatı Bölüm MAKALELER Yazarlar Dr. Mohamad Burhan Kannas Bir kuruma bağlı değildir 0000-0002-5657-9838 Türkiye
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 14 Temmuz 2024 Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Şubat 2024 Kabul Tarihi 10 Temmuz 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 22
Kaynak Göster ISNAD Kannas, Dr. Mohamad Burhan. “Öne Çıkan Dil Öğretim Metotları: Temeller, Gelişimler Ve Analiz”. Kafkas Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 11/22 (Temmuz 2024), 52-76. https://doi.org/10.17050/kafkasilahiyat.1431152.
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