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Sustainable production of WMA with pine gum wax modification Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 8 – 16, 31.07.2024
İslam Gokalp Ramazan Yani
https://doi.org/10.53635/jit.1452224
Öz Warm mix asphalt (WMA) (S®-WMA) produced with Sasobit® (S®), a widely used organic admixture, shows a significant increase in softening point value and a decrease in stripping resistance. These two characteristics of S®-WMA are considered as some problems to be solved. Therefore, this study was established to evaluate possible solutions to these two problems through another modification process. In this study, it was investigated whether modifying S®-WMA using a previously unstudied product, pine gum wax (PGW), could be a solution to the problem. In this context, WMA was produced with S® at 1, 2 and 3 in percent by mass of bitumen. As PGW has not been previously used as an additive to modify S®-WMA, it was added within a limit of 1% (by bitumen mass) for initial investigation. Physical and rheological standard tests were performed on each sample to demonstrate the change in properties of S®-WMA produced with 1% PGW compared to S®-WMA. The results indicated that the addition of 1% PGW to S®-WMA resulted in a significant reduction in softening point and an improvement in stripping resistance compared to S®-WMA. Thus, it seems that the use of PGW could be a potential solution for the two mentioned problems. It can also be pointed out that modifying the S®-WMA specimen with PGW without compromising its properties can help in an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly solution. However, due to the use of PGW, more in-depth research is required.
Anahtar Kelimeler Warm mix asphalt (WMA), Sasobit®, Pine Gum Warm Wax, Softening Point, Stripping Resistance
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Characteristics, mechanisms, and environmental LCA of WMA containing sasobit: An analysis perspective combing viscosity-temperature regression and interface bonding strength. Journal of Cleaner Production, 391, 136255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136255 Sengoz, B., Topal, A., & Gorkem, C. (2013). Evaluation of natural zeolite as warm mix asphalt additive and its comparison with other warm mix additives. Construction and Building Materials, 43, 242-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.026 Fazaeli, H., Amini, A. A., Nejad, F. M., & Behbahani, H. (2016). Rheological properties of bitumen modified with a combination of FT paraffin wax (sasobit®) and other additives. Journal of civil Engineering and management, 22(2), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.897977 Din, I. M. U., & Mir, M. S. (2021). Experimental investigation of low viscosity grade binder modified with Fischer Tropsch-Paraffin wax. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 14, 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-0286-7 Cheraghian, G., Falchetto, A.C., You, Z., Chen, S., Kim, Y.S., Westerhoff, J., Moon, K.H. & Wistuba, M. P. (2020). Warm mix asphalt technology: An up to date review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 268, 122128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122128 Diab, A., Sangiorgi, C., Ghabchi, R., Zaman, M., & Wahaballa, A. M. (2016). Warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies: Benefits and drawbacks—A literature review. Functional pavement design, 1145-1154. Sukhija, M., & Saboo, N. (2021). A comprehensive review of warm mix asphalt mixtures-laboratory to field. Construction and Building Materials, 274, 121781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121781 Prakash, G., & Suman, S. K. (2022). An intensive overview of warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies towards sustainable pavement construction. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 7(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00712-9 Abdullah, M.E., Zamhari, K.A., Buhari, R., Bakar, S.K.A., Kamaruddin, N.H.M., Nayan, N., Hainin, M.R., Hassan, N.A., Hassan, S.A. & Yusoff, N. I. M. (2014). Warm mix asphalt technology: a review. Jurnal Teknologi, 71(3). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v71.3757 Guo, M., Liu, H., Jiao, Y., Mo, L., Tan, Y., Wang, D., & Liang, M. (2020). Effect of WMA-RAP technology on pavement performance of asphalt mixture: A state-of-the-art review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 266, 121704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121704 Porto, M., Caputo, P., Loise, V., Eskandarsefat, S., Teltayev, B., & Oliviero Rossi, C. (2019). Bitumen and bitumen modification: A review on latest advances. Applied sciences, 9(4), 742. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9040742 Gokalp, İ., Çetin, H. M., Özinal, Y., Gündoğan, H., & Uz, V. E. (2019). Polimer modifiye bitüm modifikasyonuna etki eden parametreler üzerine bir literatür araştırması. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 954-964. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.479148 Çubuk, M., Gürü, M., & Çubuk, M. K. (2009). Improvement of bitumen performance with epoxy resin. Fuel, 88(7), 1324-1328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2008.12.024 Zhu, J., Birgisson, B., & Kringos, N. (2014). Polymer modification of bitumen: Advances and challenges. European Polymer Journal, 54, 18-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.02.005 Abed, A., Thom, N., Lo Presti, D., & Airey, G. (2020). Thermo-rheological analysis of WMA-additive modified binders. Materials and Structures, 53, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-01480-1 Ameri, M., Yazdipanah, F., Rahimi Yengejeh, A., & Afshin, A. (2020). Production temperatures and mechanical performance of rubberized asphalt mixtures modified with two warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives. Materials and Structures, 53, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-01542-4 Diab, A., You, Z., & Wang, H. (2013). Rheological evaluation of foamed WMA modified with nano hydrated lime. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 96, 2858-2866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.318 Ghabchi, R., Rani, S., Zaman, M., & Ali, S. A. (2021). Effect of WMA additive on properties of PPA-modified asphalt binders containing anti-stripping agent. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 22(4), 418-431. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2019.1614584 Rahmad, S., Rosyidi, S.A.P., Memon, N.A., Badri, K.H., Widyatmoko, I., Arshad, A.K., Koting, S., Yusoff, N.I.M. & Hainin, M. R. (2021). Physical, thermal and micro-surface characteristics of PG76 binder incorporated with liquid chemical WMA additive. Construction and Building Materials, 272, 121626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121626 Belc, A. L., Coleri, E., Belc, F., & Costescu, C. (2021). Influence of different warm mix additives on characteristics of warm mix asphalt. Materials, 14(13), 3534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133534 CEN. (2015) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of needle penetration. EN 1426. CEN. (2015) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of the softening point. Ring and Ball method. EN 1427. ASTM. (2015) Standard test method for viscosity determination of asphalt at elevated temperatures using a rotational viscometer. ASTM D4402. Yildirim, Y., Ideker, J., & Hazlett, D. (2006). Evaluation of viscosity values for mixing and compaction temperatures. Journal of materials in civil engineering, 18(4), 545-553. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:4(545) CEN. (2020) Bituminous mixtures – Test methods – Part 11: Determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen. EN 12697-11. McGennis, R. B., Anderson, R. M., Kennedy, T. W., & Solaimanian, M. (1995). Background of SUPERPAVE asphalt mixture design and analysis (No. FHWA-SA-95-003). United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Technology Applications. D'angelo, J., & Dongr, R. (2002). Superpave binder specifications and their performance relationship to modified binders. In Proceedings of the forty-seventh annual conference of the Canadian Technical Asphalt Association (CTAA): Calgary, Alberta. Kennedy, T. W., Huber, G. A., Harrigan, E. T., Cominsky, R. J., Hughes, C. S., Von Quintus, H., & Moulthrop, J. S. (1994). Superior performing asphalt pavements (Superpave): The product of the SHRP asphalt research program. CEN. (2012) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of complex shear modulus and phase angle. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). EN 14770. CEN. (2012) Determination of the flexural creep stiffness – Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR), EN 14771. CEN. (2014) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of the resistance to hardening under influence of heat and air RTFOT method. EN 12607-1. CEN. (2012) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Accelerated long-term ageing conditioning by a Pressure Ageing Vessel (PAV). EN 14769. Bairgi, B. K., Tarefder, R. A., & Ahmed, M. U. (2018). Long-term rutting and stripping characteristics of foamed warm-mix asphalt (WMA) through laboratory and field investigation. Construction and Building Materials, 170, 790-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.055 Julaganti, A., Choudhary, R., & Kumar, A. (2017). Rheology of modified binders under varying doses of WMA additive–Sasobit. Petroleum Science and Technology, 35(10), 975-982. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2017.1297827 Raveesh, J., Dhumagond, R., & Bijjur, S. (2018). Experimental Study of WMA by Using Sasobit Additive. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 13, 163-165.
Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 8 – 16, 31.07.2024
İslam Gokalp Ramazan Yani
https://doi.org/10.53635/jit.1452224
Öz Kaynakça Almeida-Costa, A., & Benta, A. (2016). Economic and environmental impact study of warm mix asphalt compared to hot mix asphalt. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 2308-2317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.077 Robinette, C., & Epps, J. (2010). Energy, emissions, material conservation, and prices associated with construction, rehabilitation, and material alternatives for flexible pavement. Transportation research record, 2179(1), 10-22. https://doi.org/10.3141/2179-02 Alaloul, W. S., Altaf, M., Musarat, M. A., Faisal Javed, M., & Mosavi, A. (2021). Systematic review of life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis for pavement and a case study. Sustainability, 13(8), 4377. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084377 Caputo, P., Abe, A. A., Loise, V., Porto, M., Calandra, P., Angelico, R., & Oliviero Rossi, C. (2020). The role of additives in warm mix asphalt technology: An insight into their mechanisms of improving an emerging technology. Nanomaterials, 10(6), 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061202 Zaumanis, M. (2014). Warm mix asphalt. In Climate change, energy, sustainability and pavements (pp. 309-334). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44719-2_10 d’Angelo, J., Harm, E., Bartoszek, J., Baumgardner, G., Corrigan, M., Cowsert, J., Harman, T., Jamshidi, M., Jones, W., Newcomb, D. & Prowell, B. (2008). Warm-mix asphalt: European practice (No. FHWA-PL-08-007). United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of International Programs. Kristjánsdóttir, Ó., Muench, S. T., Michael, L., & Burke, G. (2007). Assessing potential for warm-mix asphalt technology adoption. Transportation Research Record, 2040(1), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.3141/2040-10 Caputo, P., Abe, A. A., Loise, V., Porto, M., Calandra, P., Angelico, R., & Oliviero Rossi, C. (2020). The role of additives in warm mix asphalt technology: An insight into their mechanisms of improving an emerging technology. Nanomaterials, 10(6), 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061202 Ji, J., Yao, H., Yuan, Z., Suo, Z., Xu, Y., Li, P., & You, Z. (2019). Moisture Susceptibility of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) with an Organic Wax Additive Based on X‐Ray Computed Tomography (CT) Technology. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2019(1), 7101982. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7101982 Rodríguez-Alloza, A. M., Gallego, J., & Giuliani, F. (2017). Complex shear modulus and phase angle of crumb rubber modified binders containing organic warm mix asphalt additives. Materials and Structures, 50, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0950-1 Sedaghat, B., Taherrian, R., Hosseini, S. A., & Mousavi, S. M. (2020). Rheological properties of bitumen containing nanoclay and organic warm-mix asphalt additives. Construction and Building Materials, 243, 118092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118092 Liu, Z., Sun, L., Gu, X., Wang, X., Dong, Q., Zhou, Z., & Tang, J. (2023). Characteristics, mechanisms, and environmental LCA of WMA containing sasobit: An analysis perspective combing viscosity-temperature regression and interface bonding strength. Journal of Cleaner Production, 391, 136255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136255 Sengoz, B., Topal, A., & Gorkem, C. (2013). Evaluation of natural zeolite as warm mix asphalt additive and its comparison with other warm mix additives. Construction and Building Materials, 43, 242-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.026 Fazaeli, H., Amini, A. A., Nejad, F. M., & Behbahani, H. (2016). Rheological properties of bitumen modified with a combination of FT paraffin wax (sasobit®) and other additives. Journal of civil Engineering and management, 22(2), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.897977 Din, I. M. U., & Mir, M. S. (2021). Experimental investigation of low viscosity grade binder modified with Fischer Tropsch-Paraffin wax. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 14, 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-0286-7 Cheraghian, G., Falchetto, A.C., You, Z., Chen, S., Kim, Y.S., Westerhoff, J., Moon, K.H. & Wistuba, M. P. (2020). Warm mix asphalt technology: An up to date review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 268, 122128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122128 Diab, A., Sangiorgi, C., Ghabchi, R., Zaman, M., & Wahaballa, A. M. (2016). Warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies: Benefits and drawbacks—A literature review. Functional pavement design, 1145-1154. Sukhija, M., & Saboo, N. (2021). A comprehensive review of warm mix asphalt mixtures-laboratory to field. Construction and Building Materials, 274, 121781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121781 Prakash, G., & Suman, S. K. (2022). An intensive overview of warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies towards sustainable pavement construction. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 7(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00712-9 Abdullah, M.E., Zamhari, K.A., Buhari, R., Bakar, S.K.A., Kamaruddin, N.H.M., Nayan, N., Hainin, M.R., Hassan, N.A., Hassan, S.A. & Yusoff, N. I. M. (2014). Warm mix asphalt technology: a review. Jurnal Teknologi, 71(3). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v71.3757 Guo, M., Liu, H., Jiao, Y., Mo, L., Tan, Y., Wang, D., & Liang, M. (2020). Effect of WMA-RAP technology on pavement performance of asphalt mixture: A state-of-the-art review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 266, 121704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121704 Porto, M., Caputo, P., Loise, V., Eskandarsefat, S., Teltayev, B., & Oliviero Rossi, C. (2019). Bitumen and bitumen modification: A review on latest advances. Applied sciences, 9(4), 742. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9040742 Gokalp, İ., Çetin, H. M., Özinal, Y., Gündoğan, H., & Uz, V. E. (2019). Polimer modifiye bitüm modifikasyonuna etki eden parametreler üzerine bir literatür araştırması. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 954-964. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.479148 Çubuk, M., Gürü, M., & Çubuk, M. K. (2009). Improvement of bitumen performance with epoxy resin. Fuel, 88(7), 1324-1328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2008.12.024 Zhu, J., Birgisson, B., & Kringos, N. (2014). Polymer modification of bitumen: Advances and challenges. European Polymer Journal, 54, 18-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.02.005 Abed, A., Thom, N., Lo Presti, D., & Airey, G. (2020). Thermo-rheological analysis of WMA-additive modified binders. Materials and Structures, 53, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-01480-1 Ameri, M., Yazdipanah, F., Rahimi Yengejeh, A., & Afshin, A. (2020). Production temperatures and mechanical performance of rubberized asphalt mixtures modified with two warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives. Materials and Structures, 53, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-01542-4 Diab, A., You, Z., & Wang, H. (2013). Rheological evaluation of foamed WMA modified with nano hydrated lime. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 96, 2858-2866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.318 Ghabchi, R., Rani, S., Zaman, M., & Ali, S. A. (2021). Effect of WMA additive on properties of PPA-modified asphalt binders containing anti-stripping agent. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 22(4), 418-431. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2019.1614584 Rahmad, S., Rosyidi, S.A.P., Memon, N.A., Badri, K.H., Widyatmoko, I., Arshad, A.K., Koting, S., Yusoff, N.I.M. & Hainin, M. R. (2021). Physical, thermal and micro-surface characteristics of PG76 binder incorporated with liquid chemical WMA additive. Construction and Building Materials, 272, 121626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121626 Belc, A. L., Coleri, E., Belc, F., & Costescu, C. (2021). Influence of different warm mix additives on characteristics of warm mix asphalt. Materials, 14(13), 3534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133534 CEN. (2015) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of needle penetration. EN 1426. CEN. (2015) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of the softening point. Ring and Ball method. EN 1427. ASTM. (2015) Standard test method for viscosity determination of asphalt at elevated temperatures using a rotational viscometer. ASTM D4402. Yildirim, Y., Ideker, J., & Hazlett, D. (2006). Evaluation of viscosity values for mixing and compaction temperatures. Journal of materials in civil engineering, 18(4), 545-553. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:4(545) CEN. (2020) Bituminous mixtures – Test methods – Part 11: Determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen. EN 12697-11. McGennis, R. B., Anderson, R. M., Kennedy, T. W., & Solaimanian, M. (1995). Background of SUPERPAVE asphalt mixture design and analysis (No. FHWA-SA-95-003). United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Technology Applications. D'angelo, J., & Dongr, R. (2002). Superpave binder specifications and their performance relationship to modified binders. In Proceedings of the forty-seventh annual conference of the Canadian Technical Asphalt Association (CTAA): Calgary, Alberta. Kennedy, T. W., Huber, G. A., Harrigan, E. T., Cominsky, R. J., Hughes, C. S., Von Quintus, H., & Moulthrop, J. S. (1994). Superior performing asphalt pavements (Superpave): The product of the SHRP asphalt research program. CEN. (2012) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of complex shear modulus and phase angle. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). EN 14770. CEN. (2012) Determination of the flexural creep stiffness – Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR), EN 14771. CEN. (2014) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of the resistance to hardening under influence of heat and air RTFOT method. EN 12607-1. CEN. (2012) Bitumen and bituminous binders. Accelerated long-term ageing conditioning by a Pressure Ageing Vessel (PAV). EN 14769. Bairgi, B. K., Tarefder, R. A., & Ahmed, M. U. (2018). Long-term rutting and stripping characteristics of foamed warm-mix asphalt (WMA) through laboratory and field investigation. Construction and Building Materials, 170, 790-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.055 Julaganti, A., Choudhary, R., & Kumar, A. (2017). Rheology of modified binders under varying doses of WMA additive–Sasobit. Petroleum Science and Technology, 35(10), 975-982. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2017.1297827 Raveesh, J., Dhumagond, R., & Bijjur, S. (2018). Experimental Study of WMA by Using Sasobit Additive. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 13, 163-165. Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil İngilizce Konular Ulaştırma Mühendisliği Bölüm Research Articles Yazarlar İslam Gokalp BATMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0003-3198-3508 Türkiye
Ramazan Yani Batman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü 0009-0008-0021-9412 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 18 Temmuz 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1
Kaynak Göster APA Gokalp, İ., & Yani, R. (2024). Sustainable production of WMA with pine gum wax modification. Journal of Innovative Transportation, 5(1), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.53635/jit.1452224
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