Cognitive Mapping and Space Syntax Analysis of Universal Design Principles: The Case of the Üsküdar Barrier-Free Life Center

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 422 – 443, 30.07.2024

Emine Banu Burkut Bilgehan Yılmaz Çakmak

https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1410694

Öz

The purpose of this research was to examine universal design concepts and principles. Within the scope of the research, the spatial and structural features of the Istanbul-Üsküdar Barrier-Free Life Center were examined. The space syntax analysis method was applied in order to access the numerical data of the syntactic analysis of the space, and cognitive mapping analysis was performed in order to reflect the spaces formed in the minds of individuals in the cognitive maps of the space on the drawings. The participants and the sample were selected among individuals who use this place via the random sampling method. As a result of this research, the design features of a space used by disabled and non-disabled individuals, design criteria, syntagmatic features of the space, and cognitive features of the space were determined, and inferences that can serve as examples for the spaces to be built in the future were presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Design for all, inclusive design, universal design, accessibility, architecture.

Teşekkür

This article, Konya Technical University Instıtute of Graduate Studies Master's Thesis Seminar in the Department of Architecture. The data for this article were collected during the master's thesis seminar. This research was presented as a master thesis seminar on June 20, 2023. Before the research, necessary permissions were obtained from Üsküdar Municipality and Üsküdar Barrier-Free Life Center managers and administrators. This article was presented at the XIIth International Üsküdar Symposium on October 13-15, 2023. The article complies with national and international research and publication ethics. Ethics Committee approval in the study, Ethics Committee of the University of Konya Technical University 02.06.2023 dated, meeting number 2023/05 and E-2443673-051.99-115602 decision number.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, M. & Sungur Ergenoğlu, A. (2016). An assessment of street design with Universal Design principles: case in Aswan/As-Souq. Megaron, 11(4). Access Address (22.10.2023): https://megaronjournal.com/jvi.aspx?pdir=megaron&plng=eng&un=MEGARON-98704
  • Al Şensoy, S. & Sarı, R. M. (2019). Re-design of schoolyard for effective development of child from a universal design perspective. Megaron. 2019; 14(3): 443-459. Access Address (16.10.2023): https://megaronjournal.com/jvi.aspx?pdir=megaron&plng=eng&un=MEGARON-72677
  • Alinam, Z. (2017). The effects of individual factors on the formation of cognitive maps. ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://gcris.ktun.edu.tr/bitstream/20.500.13091/1816/1/document%20%286%29.pdf
  • Arsenault P., (2023).Universal Design Incorporating Architectural Linear Drains Designing buildings and spaces for all people, with or without disabilities, 211 (6), Architectural Record, pp.184-185
  • ASHB. (2023). T.C. Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı. Engelli ve Yaşlı Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Access Address (19.10.2023): https://www.aile.gov.tr/eyhgm
  • Arslan, H. D. & Ergener, H. (2023). Comparative analysis of shopping malls with different plans by using space syntax method. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 14(9), 102063. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090447922003744
  • Aylin, A., Kaya, B. Y. & Dagdeviren, M. (2019). An ergonomic investigation of working environment with Kano Model and Universal Design Principles. Gazi University Journal of Science, 32(2), 582-593. Access Address (21.10.2023): https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/726177
  • Bakar, S., & Şimşek, O. (2023). Mimarlık eğitiminde evrensel tasarım içerikli derslerin yeri. Kırklareli Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 57-69.
  • Banerjee, T. (2024). Cognitive mapping as a research method: The childhood city. The Routledge Handbook of Urban Design Research Methods, 115-126.
  • Behzadfar, M., & Mazarei, M. (2024). Utilization of space syntax technique in spatial structure analysis; Case Study: Resalat Square, Tehran. Naqshejahan-Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning, 13(4), 49-72.
  • Bekar, İ. (2021). Kütüphane iç mekânlarının evrensel tasarım ilkeleri bağlamında değerlendirilmesi: Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Faik Ahmet Barutçu Kütüphanesi. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 6 (1), 178-194. DOI: 10.30785/mbud.875137. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article- file/1558440
  • Besiktas (2023). Beşiktaş Engelsiz Yaşam Evi. Access Address (5.10.2023): https://besiktas.bel.tr/merkezler/hizmet-merkezleri/engelsiz-yasam-evi
  • Bock, O., Huang, J. Y., Onur, O. A., & Memmert, D. (2024). The structure of cognitive strategies for wayfinding decisions. Psychological Research, 88(2), 476-486.
  • Boduroğlu, Ş. (2014). Universal design of instruction: definition, principles, and examples. Iconarp International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 2 (1), 37-53. Access Address (5.10.2023): https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iconarp/issue/7900/103992
  • Bulut, B., & Halaç, H. H. (2023). Üniversitelerde evrensel tasarım yaklaşımı çalışmaları üzerine sistematik bir literatür analizi. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(1), 74-91.
  • Burkut, E. B. (2023). Evrensel Tasarım, Engelsiz Tasarım ve Teknoloji Konusunda Yapılan Araştırmaların Bibliyometrik Analizi. Teknolojik Gelişmeler Işığında Evrensel Tasarım (Editörler: Havva Filiz Meşhur, Bilgehan Yılmaz Çakmak, Ceyhun Şekerci). Serüven Yayınevi. Ankara. Access Address (12.10.2023): https://gazikitabevi.com.tr/urun/teknolojik-gelismeler-isiginda-evrensel-tasarim
  • Cao, P., & Li, W. (2024). Evaluation and optimization of outdoor wind environment in block based on space syntax and CFD simulation. Plos one, 19(3), e0297683.
  • CEUD (2024). The 7 Principles. The Center for Excellenge in Universal Design. Access Address (5.05.2024): https://universaldesign.ie/about-universal-design/the-7-principles
  • Chiang, N. C. R., Huang, S. C. L., Kuo, N. F. & Shih, C. C. (2023). Understanding cognitive maps from landmark and configurational representations. Learning and Motivation, 83, 101910. Access Address (19.10.2023): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0023969023000413
  • Çekmeköy (2023). Çekmeköy Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://www.cekmekoy.bel.tr/tesis/engelsiz-yasam-merkezi
  • Dan‐Rakedzon, N., Fleming, W., Lissovsky, N., Clayton, S., & Shwartz, A. (2024). A framework for understanding the human experience of nature through cognitive mapping. Conservation Biology, e14283.
  • Demirci, A. (2020). Erişilebilirliğe Yönelik Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi Tasarım Yaklaşımları: Etimesgut Belediyesi Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi Örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Başkent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İç Mimarlık ve Çevre Tasarımı Ana Bilim Dalı, Ankara. Access Address (1.10.2023): http://acikerisim.baskent.edu.tr/handle/11727/6504
  • Dostoğlu, N., Şahin, E. & Taneli, Y. (2009). Evrensel tasarım: Tanımlar, hedefler, ilkeler, Mimarlık, 347. Access Address (6.10.2023): http://www.mimarlikdergisi.com/index.cfm?sayfa=mimarlik&dergisayi=361&recid=2062
  • Doussard, C., Garbe, E., Morales, J., & Billion, J. (2024). Universal design for the Workplace: Ethical considerations regarding the inclusion of workers with disabilities. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-12. Access Address (23.03.2024): ://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-023-05582-y
  • Duman, Ü., & Asilsoy, B. (2022). Developing an evidence-based framework of universal design in the context of sustainable urban planning in Northern Nicosia. Sustainability, 14(20), 13377.
  • Elsafty, M. W. M. (2024). Biophilic design patterns and universal design principles application in the long-term residential care centers for the elderly. International Design Journal, 14(2), 405-415. https://idj.journals.ekb.eg/article_339514_43337.html
  • Ensarioğlu, S. A. (2020). Pandemi sürecinin “evrensel tasarım” ilkelerine etkileri. International Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 7(55), 1673-1680.
  • Ergün, R., Kutlu, İ. & Kılınç, C. (2022). A comparitive study of space syntax analysis between traditional Antakya houses and social housing complexes by TOKI. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 7 (1), 284- 297. DOI: 10.30785/mbud.1068659. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2234372
  • Fan, M., Hedayati Marzbali, M., Abdullah, A., & Maghsoodi Tilaki, M. J. (2024). Using a space syntax approach to enhance pedestrians’ accessibility and safety in the Historic City of George Town, Penang. Urban Science, 8(1), 6. Access Address (19.03.2024):
  • Farzanfar, D., Spiers, H. J., Moscovitch, M., & Rosenbaum, R. S. (2023). From cognitive maps to spatial schemas. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 24(2), 63-79.
  • Filová, N., Rollová, L. & Čerešňová, Z. (2022). Universal Design Principles Applied in Museums’ Historic Buildings. Prostor: Znanstveni Časopis Za Arhitekturu I Urbanizam, 30(1 (63)), 92-105. Access Address (19.10.2023): https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/405238
  • Garau, C., Annunziata, A., & Yamu, C. (2024). A walkability assessment tool coupling multi-criteria analysis and space syntax: The case study of Iglesias, Italy. European Planning Studies, 32(2), 211-233. Access Address (11.03.2024): https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09654313.2020.1761947
  • Gaziosmanpaşa. (2023). Gaziosmanpaşa Engelsiz Yaşam ve Sağlık Merkezi. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://www.gaziosmanpasa.bel.tr/det/739/engelsiz-yasam-ve-saglik-merkezi
  • Ghods, H., Bemanian, M., & Moradinasab, H. (2023). Investigating the effect of cognitive mapping of users on the legibility of the environment, Tehran City: Sattarkhan Street, First Sadeghieh Square to Second Sadeghieh Square. Journal of Urban Ecology Researches, 14(Series 31), 67-84.
  • Goldsmith, S. (2007). Universal design. Routledge. Access Address (11.10.2023): https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780080520209/universal-design-selwyn-goldsmith
  • Grimley, C. & Smith, K. H. (2021). Universal Principles of Interior Design: 100 Ways to Develop Innovative Ideas, Enhance Usability, and Design Effective Solutions. Rockport Publishers. Access Address (6.10.2023): https://www.amazon.com/Universal-Principles-Interior-Design-Innovative/dp/0760372128
  • Günaydın, A. S., & Selçuk, E. B. (2024). How urban growth influences the spatial characteristics of cities: empirical research in Malatya/Türkiye based on space syntax. GeoJournal, 89(2), 1-16.
  • Haghlesan, M. (2024). Analyzing the legibility of the spaces of urban metro stations using the method of space syntax (case study: El Goli and Kohen stations in Tabriz). Journal of Transportation Research, 21(1), 167-180.
  • Hall, T. E., Robinson, K. H., & Gordon, D. (2024). Universal Design for Learning in the Classroom: Practical Applications for K-12 and Beyond. Guilford Press. Access Address (1.03.2024): https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED643793
  • Heiss, O., Degenhart, C. & Ebe, J. (2010). Barrier-Free Design. Traduzido do Alemão por G. Soffker, P. Thrift. Munique: Edição Detail. Access Address (13.10.2023):https://www.detail.de/de_en/barrier-free-design
  • Hilmioğlu, S., & Seçer Kariptaş, F. (2022). Erişilebilir üniversite kavramı üzerine bir inceleme: üniversite mekânlarının erişilebilirlik ve evrensel tasarım yönünden değerlendirilmesi. Online Journal of Art and Design, 10(2), 40-51.
  • Hurst, K., Lee, C., & Ndubisi, F. (2023). Universal design in playground environments: A place‐based evaluation of amenities, use, and physical activity. Landscape Journal, 42(2), 55-80.
  • Ishikawa, T. (2023). Individual differences and skill training in cognitive mapping: How and why people differ. Topics in Cognitive Science, 15(1), 163-186.
  • Istiani, N. F. F., Alkadri, M. F., van Nes, A., & Susanto, D. (2023). Investigating the spatial network of playgrounds during covid-19 based on a space syntax analysis case study: 10 playgrounds in Delft, the Netherlands. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 2163754.
  • Īle, U., & Bergmane, L. (2023). Development Patterns of Universal Design in Residential Courtyards in the Jugla Neighbourhood. Landscape Architecture and Art, 109.
  • Ielegems, E., & Vanrie, J. (2023). The cost of universal design for public buildings: exploring a realistic, context- dependent research approach. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research.
  • İşanç, D., & Yılmaz, S. (2024). Ticari yapıların evrensel tasarım ilkelerine göre incelenmesi: alışveriş merkezi örneği. Mimarlık, Planlama ve Tasarım Alanında Uluslararası Araştırmalar V, 53.
  • Jang, K. M. & Kim, Y. (2019). Crowd-sourced cognitive mapping: A new way of displaying people’s cognitive perception of urban space. PloS one, 14(6), e0218590. Access Address (16.10.2023): https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0218590
  • Karimi, K. (2012). A configurational approach to analytical urban design: ‘Space syntax ‘methodology. Urban Design International, 17(4), 297-318. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/udi.2012.19
  • Karimi, K. (2018). Space syntax: consolidation and transformation of an urban research field. Journal of Urban Design, 23(1), 1-4. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13574809.2018.1403177
  • Karimi, K. (2023). The configurational structures of social spaces: Space syntax and urban morphology in the context of analytical, evidence-based design. Land, 12(11), 2084. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01490400.2013.856722
  • Keleş, B. N., Takva, Ç., & Çakıcı, F. Z. (2023). Accessibility analysis of public buildings with graph theory and the space syntax method: government houses. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 1-15.
  • Koohsari, M. J., Kaczynski, A. T., Mcormack, G. R. & Sugiyama, T. (2014). Using space syntax to assess the built environment for physical activity: applications to research on parks and public open spaces. Leisure Sciences, 36(2), 206-216. Access Address (1.10.2023):
  • Körmeçli, P. Ş. (2023). Evaluating accessibility of street network in neighborhood by space syntax method: The case of Çankırı. ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 11(2), 625-649.
  • Laouar, D., Mokrane, Y., & Claramunt, C. (2024). Do urban renewal programs make suburbs safer? A fine- grained GIS and space syntax study of an urban renewal project in the city of Toulouse. Journal of Urban Design, 1-26.
  • Lee, J. H. (2024). Public Memory, Architectural Language, and Its Configurational Relationship in the Memorial Museum: A Case Study of the War Memorial of Korea Using Space Syntax and Movement Tracking. Buildings, 14(3), 590.
  • Liu, D., & Wang, K. (2024). Study on the classification of villages in Jilin Province based on space syntax and machine learning. Architectural Science Review, 1-16.
  • Lyu, Y., Abd Malek, M. I., Jaafar, N. H., Sima, Y., Han, Z., & Liu, Z. (2023). Unveiling the potential of space syntax approach for revitalizing historic urban areas: A case study of Yushan Historic District, China. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 12(6), 1144-1156.
  • McNaughton, B. L., & Saksena, R. (2022). Route selection with a cognitive map. Neuron, 1441-1442.
  • Meshur, H. F. A. (2016). Evaluation of urban spaces from the perspective of universal design principles: The case of Konya/Turkey. TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 9(2), 191-208. Access Address (13.10.2023): http://www.serena.unina.it/index.php/tema/article/view/3786
  • Meşhur, H. F., & Yılmaz Çakmak, B. (2018). Universal design in urban public spaces: the case of Zafer Pedestrian Zone/Konya-Turkey. Iconarp International Journal of Architecture and Planning. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/223
  • Meyer, A. & Rose, D. H. (2000). Universal design for individual differences. Educational leadership, 58(3), 39-43. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ617848
  • Mijani, M., Gharehbeiglu, M., Reshad, L., & Nejadebrahimi, A. (2023). Evaluation of Students' Cognitive Maps from an Urban Perspective as a Mental Image Output. Geographical Researches, 38(3), 381-389.
  • Mohamed, A. A., & van der Laag Yamu, C. (2024). Space syntax has come of age: A bibliometric review from 1976 to 2023. Journal of Planning Literature, 39(2), 203-217.
  • Mounia, B., & Foued, B. (2024). Space Syntax: a Method for assessing the urban policies in Ain M’lila city. Tobacco Regulatory Science (TRS), 1393-1405.
  • Molaei, M., Safari, H., & Asadi Malek Jahan, F. (2024). Configuration analysis of the passage of historical fabric of cities with the space syntax method (Case study: Sharbafan neighborhood in Lahijan). Geographical Engineering of Territory, 8(1), 1-18.
  • Moore, A., Boyle, B., & Lynch, H. (2023). Designing public playgrounds for inclusion: A scoping review of grey literature guidelines for Universal Design. Children's Geographies, 21(3), 422-441. Access Address (21.10.2023): https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14733285.2022.2073197
  • Moore, A., Lynch, H., & Boyle, B. (2022). A national study of playground professionals universal design implementation practices. Landscape Research, 47(5), 611-627.
  • Mustaquim, M. M. (2012). A study of universal design principles assessment. Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Safety, 271. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://www.routledge.com/Advances-in-Physical-Ergonomics- and-Safety/Ahram-Karwowski/p/book/9781439870389
  • Null, R. (Ed.). (2013). Universal design: Principles and models. CRC Press. Access Address (6.10.2023): https://www.routledge.com/Universal-Design-Principles-and-Models/Null/p/book/9781138076006
  • NLC, (2022). Using Universal Design to Create Safe Welcoming and Joyful Spaces. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://www.nlc.org/article/2022/05/31/using-universal-design-to-create-safe-welcoming-and-joyful- spaces/
  • Olguntürk, N., & Demirkan, H. (2009). Ergonomics and universal design in interior architecture education. METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 26(2). 123-138 Access Address (1.10.2023): http://jfa.arch.metu.edu.tr/archive/0258-5316/2009/cilt26/sayi_2/123-138.pdf
  • Oliynyk, O., & Troshkina, O. (2023). Analysis of architectural urban spaces based on space syntax and scenario methods. Spatium, 24-32.
  • Qzalp, Y (2022). Barrier-Free Living Centers. Access Address (15.10.2023): https://epale.ec.europa.eu/en/blog/barrier-free-living-centers
  • Peer, M., Nadar, C., & Epstein, R. A. (2023, January 31). The format of the cognitive map depends on the structure of the environment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001498
  • Pendik (2023). Pendik Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi. Access Address (7.10.2023): https://www.pendik.bel.tr/yer/detay/pendik-engelsiz-yasam-merkezi#ad-image-0
  • Peponis, J. (2024). Space syntax and design. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 51(5), 1073-1078.
  • Polykretis, I., & Danielescu, A. (2024). Mapless mobile robot navigation at the edge using self-supervised cognitive map learners. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 11.
  • Qanazi, S., Hijazi, I. H., Shahrour, I., & Meouche, R. E. (2024). Exploring urban service location suitability: Mapping social behavior dynamics with space syntax theory. Land, 13(5), 609.
  • Qu, H., Nordin, N. A., Tsong, T. B., & Feng, X. (2023). A Bibliometrics and Visual Analysis of Global Publications for Cognitive Map (1970-2022). IEEE Access.
  • Safizadeh, M., Hedayati Marzbali, M., Abdullah, A., & Maghsoodi Tilaki, M. J. (2024). Integrating space syntax and CPTED in assessing outdoor physical activity. Geographical Research.
  • Sarmiento, I., Cockcroft, A., Dion, A., Belaid, L., Silver, H., Pizarro, K., … & Andersson, N. (2024). Fuzzy cognitive mapping in participatory research and decision making: a practice review. Archives of Public Health, 82(1), 76.
  • Savaş, B., (2021). Üsküdar Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezine Sürdürülebiirlik Ödülü. Access Address (21.03.2024): https://www.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2021/03/24/uskudar-engelsiz-yasam-merkezine-surdurulebilirlik- odulu#:~:text=%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar%20Belediyesince%20hayata%20ge%C3%A7irilen%20Engelsiz,a%C3%A7%C 4%B1k%20ara%20farkla%201'incilik
  • Sayar, G., & Arat, Y. (2024). Evrensel tasarım kriterleri bağlamında konya kelebekler vadisi müzesinin incelenmesi. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 149(149), 354-367.
  • Selanon, P., & Chuangchai, W. (2024). Improving Accessibility to Urban Greenspaces for People with Disabilities: A Modified Universal Design Approach. Journal of Planning Literature, 39(1), 79-83. Access Address (21.03.2024): https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/08854122231212662
  • Seçme, M. & Küçük, V. (2020). Denizli Vali Recep Yazıcıoğlu (İncilipınar) Parkı evrensel tasarım ve planlama bağlamında değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 5 (1), 93-107. DOI: 10.30785/mbud.667598. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1136619
  • Steinfeld, E. & Maisel, J. (2012). Universal design: Creating inclusive environments. John Wiley & Sons. Access Address (8.10.2023): https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Universal+Design%3A+Creating+Inclusive+Environments-p- 9780470399132
  • Stein, E. (2022). De-imaging New York: cognitive mapping and the city symphony. GeoJournal, 87(Suppl 1), 33- 41.
  • Süvari, A. (2023). Kamusal mekânlarda evrensel tasarım ile ilgili lisansüstü tezlerin incelenmesi. Online Journal of Art & Design, 11(4).
  • SSS14 (2024). 14th International Space Syntax Symposium. Access Address (8.10.2023): https://cyprusconferences.org/14sss/
  • Şahin Körmeçli, P. (2024). Accessibility of urban tourism in historical areas: Analysis of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Safranbolu. Sustainability, 16(6), 2485.
  • Tomberg, V., Schulz, T. & Kelle, S. (2015). Applying universal design principles to themes for wearables. In Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Access to Interaction: 9th International Conference, UAHCI 2015, Held as Part of HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2-7, 2015, Proceedings, Part II 9 (pp. 550-560). Springer International Publishing. Access Address (11.10.2023): https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-20681-3_52
  • Tchertov, L. (2024). Mental models of urban space and their semiotic means. In Semiotic Approaches to Urban Space (pp. 158-174). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Tutal, O., & Topcu, M. (2018). Thinking with universal design in historical environment. ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 6, 63-80. Access Address (61.10.2023): https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/229
  • Tuzla (2023). Tuzla Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi. Access Address (11.10.2023): https://www.tuzla.bel.tr/icerik/1178/7975/engelsiz-yasam-merkezi.aspx
  • Usal, S. S. Y. & Evcil, A. N. (2019). Universal Design in Interior Architecture Education: The Case of Store Design. ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/273
  • Uskudar, (2023). Üsküdar Belediyesi Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi, Access Address (5.10.2023): https://www.uskudar.bel.tr/tr/main/pages/engelsiz-yasam-merkezi/431
  • Van Nes, A., & Yamu, C. (2021). Introduction to space syntax in urban studies (p. 250). Springer Nature. Access Address (8.10.2023): https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/50404
  • Watchorn, V., Hitch, D., Tucker, R., Frawley, P., Aedy, K., & Grant, C. (2023). Evaluating universal design of built environments: an empirical study of stakeholder practice and perceptions. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 38(3), 1491-1510.
  • WOS (2024). Web of Science Database, Search. Access Address (1.07.2023): https://www.webofknowledge.com/
  • Widiastuti, R. & Harsritanto, B. I. (2018). Study of Universal Design Principles on Old City Open Space Elements. Advanced Science Letters, 24(12), 9764-9766. Access Address (1.06.2024): https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/asp/asl/2018/00000024/00000012/art00183
  • Wu, C. M., Schulz, E., Garvert, M. M., Meder, B., & Schuck, N. W. (2020). Similarities and differences in spatial and non-spatial cognitive maps. Plos Computational Biology, 16(9), e1008149. Access Address (1.03.2024): https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008149
  • Wu, Y., Liu, Q., Hang, T., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., & Cao, L. (2024). Integrating restorative perception into urban street planning: A framework using street view images, deep learning, and space syntax. Cities, 147, 104791. Access Address (1.03.2024): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275124000052
  • X, (2024). Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi. Access Address (1.06.2024): https://x.com/engelsizyasamrk
  • Yang, L., Jin, Q., & Fu, F. (2024). Research on urban street network structure based on spatial syntax and POI Data. Sustainability, 16(5), 1757. Access Address (1.03.2024): https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/5/1757
  • Yang, M., Duha, M. S. U., Kirsch, B. A., Glaser, N., Crompton, H., & Luo, T. (2024). Universal design in online education: A systematic review. Distance Education, 45(1), 23-59.
  • Yeşiltepe, M., & Demirkan, H. (2023). Reflection of Empathic design process on interior architecture students’ Universal Design Solutions. ODTÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(1), 59–82. https://hdl.handle.net/11511/104798
  • Zanon, L. G., Bertassini, A. C., Sigahi, T. F. A. C., Anholon, R., & Carpinetti, L. C. R. (2024). Relations between supply chain performance and circular economy implementation: A fuzzy cognitive map‐based analysis for sustainable development. Business Strategy & Development, 7(2), e373.
  • Zhan, Z., Huang, H., Winter, S., & Van de Weghe, N. (2024). Cognitive mapping of indoor environments: constructing an indoor navigation network from crowdsourced indoor route descriptions. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 1-19. Access Address (20.03.2025): https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15230406.2024.2305450
  • Zhang, D., Setola, N., & Chen, Y. (2024). Analysis of cross-generational co-living space configuration in residential communities—case study in China and Italy Based on Space Syntax. Buildings, 14(2), 346.
  • Zheng, J., Bai, X., Wu, Z., Zhang, S., Zhang, T. & Wang, H. (2022). Research on the spatial behavior conflict in suburban village communities based on GPS tracking and cognitive mapping. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 21(6), 2605-2620. Access Address (14.10.2023): https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13467581.2021.1971680

Evrensel Tasarım İlkelerinin Bilişsel ve Dizimsel Analizi: Üsküdar Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi Örneği

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 422 – 443, 30.07.2024

Emine Banu Burkut Bilgehan Yılmaz Çakmak

https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1410694

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, evrensel tasarım kavramları ve ilkeleri incelenerek Üsküdar Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi örneği üzerinden açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır. Araştırma kapsamında Üsküdar Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi yapısal, mekânsal ve iç mekân özellikleri incelemektir. Bu araştırmada uygulanan yöntem mekânın dizimsel analizinin sayısal verilerine ulaşabilmek için mekân dizim analizi (space syntax) ve mekânın bilişsel haritalarında bireylerin zihinlerinde oluşan mekânların çizime yansıtılması amacıyla bilişsel haritalama analizi (cogntive mapping analysis) yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Üsküdar Yaşam Merkezi ve örneklemi ise bu mekânı kullanan (engelli veya engelsiz) bireyler arasından rastgele örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Bu araştırma sonucunda engelli ve engelsiz bireylerin kullandıkları bir mekânın tasarım özellikleri, tasarım kriterleri, mekânın dizimsel özellikleri ve mekânın bilişsel özellikleri tespit edilerek gelecekte yapılacak olan mekânlar için örnek teşkil edebilecek çıkarımlar ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Herkes için tasarım, kapsayıcı tasarım, evrensel tasarım, erişilebilirlik, mimari.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, M. & Sungur Ergenoğlu, A. (2016). An assessment of street design with Universal Design principles: case in Aswan/As-Souq. Megaron, 11(4). Access Address (22.10.2023): https://megaronjournal.com/jvi.aspx?pdir=megaron&plng=eng&un=MEGARON-98704
  • Al Şensoy, S. & Sarı, R. M. (2019). Re-design of schoolyard for effective development of child from a universal design perspective. Megaron. 2019; 14(3): 443-459. Access Address (16.10.2023): https://megaronjournal.com/jvi.aspx?pdir=megaron&plng=eng&un=MEGARON-72677
  • Alinam, Z. (2017). The effects of individual factors on the formation of cognitive maps. ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://gcris.ktun.edu.tr/bitstream/20.500.13091/1816/1/document%20%286%29.pdf
  • Arsenault P., (2023).Universal Design Incorporating Architectural Linear Drains Designing buildings and spaces for all people, with or without disabilities, 211 (6), Architectural Record, pp.184-185
  • ASHB. (2023). T.C. Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı. Engelli ve Yaşlı Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Access Address (19.10.2023): https://www.aile.gov.tr/eyhgm
  • Arslan, H. D. & Ergener, H. (2023). Comparative analysis of shopping malls with different plans by using space syntax method. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 14(9), 102063. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090447922003744
  • Aylin, A., Kaya, B. Y. & Dagdeviren, M. (2019). An ergonomic investigation of working environment with Kano Model and Universal Design Principles. Gazi University Journal of Science, 32(2), 582-593. Access Address (21.10.2023): https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/726177
  • Bakar, S., & Şimşek, O. (2023). Mimarlık eğitiminde evrensel tasarım içerikli derslerin yeri. Kırklareli Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 57-69.
  • Banerjee, T. (2024). Cognitive mapping as a research method: The childhood city. The Routledge Handbook of Urban Design Research Methods, 115-126.
  • Behzadfar, M., & Mazarei, M. (2024). Utilization of space syntax technique in spatial structure analysis; Case Study: Resalat Square, Tehran. Naqshejahan-Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning, 13(4), 49-72.
  • Bekar, İ. (2021). Kütüphane iç mekânlarının evrensel tasarım ilkeleri bağlamında değerlendirilmesi: Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Faik Ahmet Barutçu Kütüphanesi. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 6 (1), 178-194. DOI: 10.30785/mbud.875137. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article- file/1558440
  • Besiktas (2023). Beşiktaş Engelsiz Yaşam Evi. Access Address (5.10.2023): https://besiktas.bel.tr/merkezler/hizmet-merkezleri/engelsiz-yasam-evi
  • Bock, O., Huang, J. Y., Onur, O. A., & Memmert, D. (2024). The structure of cognitive strategies for wayfinding decisions. Psychological Research, 88(2), 476-486.
  • Boduroğlu, Ş. (2014). Universal design of instruction: definition, principles, and examples. Iconarp International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 2 (1), 37-53. Access Address (5.10.2023): https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iconarp/issue/7900/103992
  • Bulut, B., & Halaç, H. H. (2023). Üniversitelerde evrensel tasarım yaklaşımı çalışmaları üzerine sistematik bir literatür analizi. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(1), 74-91.
  • Burkut, E. B. (2023). Evrensel Tasarım, Engelsiz Tasarım ve Teknoloji Konusunda Yapılan Araştırmaların Bibliyometrik Analizi. Teknolojik Gelişmeler Işığında Evrensel Tasarım (Editörler: Havva Filiz Meşhur, Bilgehan Yılmaz Çakmak, Ceyhun Şekerci). Serüven Yayınevi. Ankara. Access Address (12.10.2023): https://gazikitabevi.com.tr/urun/teknolojik-gelismeler-isiginda-evrensel-tasarim
  • Cao, P., & Li, W. (2024). Evaluation and optimization of outdoor wind environment in block based on space syntax and CFD simulation. Plos one, 19(3), e0297683.
  • CEUD (2024). The 7 Principles. The Center for Excellenge in Universal Design. Access Address (5.05.2024): https://universaldesign.ie/about-universal-design/the-7-principles
  • Chiang, N. C. R., Huang, S. C. L., Kuo, N. F. & Shih, C. C. (2023). Understanding cognitive maps from landmark and configurational representations. Learning and Motivation, 83, 101910. Access Address (19.10.2023): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0023969023000413
  • Çekmeköy (2023). Çekmeköy Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://www.cekmekoy.bel.tr/tesis/engelsiz-yasam-merkezi
  • Dan‐Rakedzon, N., Fleming, W., Lissovsky, N., Clayton, S., & Shwartz, A. (2024). A framework for understanding the human experience of nature through cognitive mapping. Conservation Biology, e14283.
  • Demirci, A. (2020). Erişilebilirliğe Yönelik Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi Tasarım Yaklaşımları: Etimesgut Belediyesi Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi Örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Başkent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İç Mimarlık ve Çevre Tasarımı Ana Bilim Dalı, Ankara. Access Address (1.10.2023): http://acikerisim.baskent.edu.tr/handle/11727/6504
  • Dostoğlu, N., Şahin, E. & Taneli, Y. (2009). Evrensel tasarım: Tanımlar, hedefler, ilkeler, Mimarlık, 347. Access Address (6.10.2023): http://www.mimarlikdergisi.com/index.cfm?sayfa=mimarlik&dergisayi=361&recid=2062
  • Doussard, C., Garbe, E., Morales, J., & Billion, J. (2024). Universal design for the Workplace: Ethical considerations regarding the inclusion of workers with disabilities. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-12. Access Address (23.03.2024): ://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-023-05582-y
  • Duman, Ü., & Asilsoy, B. (2022). Developing an evidence-based framework of universal design in the context of sustainable urban planning in Northern Nicosia. Sustainability, 14(20), 13377.
  • Elsafty, M. W. M. (2024). Biophilic design patterns and universal design principles application in the long-term residential care centers for the elderly. International Design Journal, 14(2), 405-415. https://idj.journals.ekb.eg/article_339514_43337.html
  • Ensarioğlu, S. A. (2020). Pandemi sürecinin “evrensel tasarım” ilkelerine etkileri. International Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 7(55), 1673-1680.
  • Ergün, R., Kutlu, İ. & Kılınç, C. (2022). A comparitive study of space syntax analysis between traditional Antakya houses and social housing complexes by TOKI. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 7 (1), 284- 297. DOI: 10.30785/mbud.1068659. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2234372
  • Fan, M., Hedayati Marzbali, M., Abdullah, A., & Maghsoodi Tilaki, M. J. (2024). Using a space syntax approach to enhance pedestrians’ accessibility and safety in the Historic City of George Town, Penang. Urban Science, 8(1), 6. Access Address (19.03.2024):
  • Farzanfar, D., Spiers, H. J., Moscovitch, M., & Rosenbaum, R. S. (2023). From cognitive maps to spatial schemas. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 24(2), 63-79.
  • Filová, N., Rollová, L. & Čerešňová, Z. (2022). Universal Design Principles Applied in Museums’ Historic Buildings. Prostor: Znanstveni Časopis Za Arhitekturu I Urbanizam, 30(1 (63)), 92-105. Access Address (19.10.2023): https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/405238
  • Garau, C., Annunziata, A., & Yamu, C. (2024). A walkability assessment tool coupling multi-criteria analysis and space syntax: The case study of Iglesias, Italy. European Planning Studies, 32(2), 211-233. Access Address (11.03.2024): https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09654313.2020.1761947
  • Gaziosmanpaşa. (2023). Gaziosmanpaşa Engelsiz Yaşam ve Sağlık Merkezi. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://www.gaziosmanpasa.bel.tr/det/739/engelsiz-yasam-ve-saglik-merkezi
  • Ghods, H., Bemanian, M., & Moradinasab, H. (2023). Investigating the effect of cognitive mapping of users on the legibility of the environment, Tehran City: Sattarkhan Street, First Sadeghieh Square to Second Sadeghieh Square. Journal of Urban Ecology Researches, 14(Series 31), 67-84.
  • Goldsmith, S. (2007). Universal design. Routledge. Access Address (11.10.2023): https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780080520209/universal-design-selwyn-goldsmith
  • Grimley, C. & Smith, K. H. (2021). Universal Principles of Interior Design: 100 Ways to Develop Innovative Ideas, Enhance Usability, and Design Effective Solutions. Rockport Publishers. Access Address (6.10.2023): https://www.amazon.com/Universal-Principles-Interior-Design-Innovative/dp/0760372128
  • Günaydın, A. S., & Selçuk, E. B. (2024). How urban growth influences the spatial characteristics of cities: empirical research in Malatya/Türkiye based on space syntax. GeoJournal, 89(2), 1-16.
  • Haghlesan, M. (2024). Analyzing the legibility of the spaces of urban metro stations using the method of space syntax (case study: El Goli and Kohen stations in Tabriz). Journal of Transportation Research, 21(1), 167-180.
  • Hall, T. E., Robinson, K. H., & Gordon, D. (2024). Universal Design for Learning in the Classroom: Practical Applications for K-12 and Beyond. Guilford Press. Access Address (1.03.2024): https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED643793
  • Heiss, O., Degenhart, C. & Ebe, J. (2010). Barrier-Free Design. Traduzido do Alemão por G. Soffker, P. Thrift. Munique: Edição Detail. Access Address (13.10.2023):https://www.detail.de/de_en/barrier-free-design
  • Hilmioğlu, S., & Seçer Kariptaş, F. (2022). Erişilebilir üniversite kavramı üzerine bir inceleme: üniversite mekânlarının erişilebilirlik ve evrensel tasarım yönünden değerlendirilmesi. Online Journal of Art and Design, 10(2), 40-51.
  • Hurst, K., Lee, C., & Ndubisi, F. (2023). Universal design in playground environments: A place‐based evaluation of amenities, use, and physical activity. Landscape Journal, 42(2), 55-80.
  • Ishikawa, T. (2023). Individual differences and skill training in cognitive mapping: How and why people differ. Topics in Cognitive Science, 15(1), 163-186.
  • Istiani, N. F. F., Alkadri, M. F., van Nes, A., & Susanto, D. (2023). Investigating the spatial network of playgrounds during covid-19 based on a space syntax analysis case study: 10 playgrounds in Delft, the Netherlands. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 2163754.
  • Īle, U., & Bergmane, L. (2023). Development Patterns of Universal Design in Residential Courtyards in the Jugla Neighbourhood. Landscape Architecture and Art, 109.
  • Ielegems, E., & Vanrie, J. (2023). The cost of universal design for public buildings: exploring a realistic, context- dependent research approach. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research.
  • İşanç, D., & Yılmaz, S. (2024). Ticari yapıların evrensel tasarım ilkelerine göre incelenmesi: alışveriş merkezi örneği. Mimarlık, Planlama ve Tasarım Alanında Uluslararası Araştırmalar V, 53.
  • Jang, K. M. & Kim, Y. (2019). Crowd-sourced cognitive mapping: A new way of displaying people’s cognitive perception of urban space. PloS one, 14(6), e0218590. Access Address (16.10.2023): https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0218590
  • Karimi, K. (2012). A configurational approach to analytical urban design: ‘Space syntax ‘methodology. Urban Design International, 17(4), 297-318. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/udi.2012.19
  • Karimi, K. (2018). Space syntax: consolidation and transformation of an urban research field. Journal of Urban Design, 23(1), 1-4. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13574809.2018.1403177
  • Karimi, K. (2023). The configurational structures of social spaces: Space syntax and urban morphology in the context of analytical, evidence-based design. Land, 12(11), 2084. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01490400.2013.856722
  • Keleş, B. N., Takva, Ç., & Çakıcı, F. Z. (2023). Accessibility analysis of public buildings with graph theory and the space syntax method: government houses. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 1-15.
  • Koohsari, M. J., Kaczynski, A. T., Mcormack, G. R. & Sugiyama, T. (2014). Using space syntax to assess the built environment for physical activity: applications to research on parks and public open spaces. Leisure Sciences, 36(2), 206-216. Access Address (1.10.2023):
  • Körmeçli, P. Ş. (2023). Evaluating accessibility of street network in neighborhood by space syntax method: The case of Çankırı. ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 11(2), 625-649.
  • Laouar, D., Mokrane, Y., & Claramunt, C. (2024). Do urban renewal programs make suburbs safer? A fine- grained GIS and space syntax study of an urban renewal project in the city of Toulouse. Journal of Urban Design, 1-26.
  • Lee, J. H. (2024). Public Memory, Architectural Language, and Its Configurational Relationship in the Memorial Museum: A Case Study of the War Memorial of Korea Using Space Syntax and Movement Tracking. Buildings, 14(3), 590.
  • Liu, D., & Wang, K. (2024). Study on the classification of villages in Jilin Province based on space syntax and machine learning. Architectural Science Review, 1-16.
  • Lyu, Y., Abd Malek, M. I., Jaafar, N. H., Sima, Y., Han, Z., & Liu, Z. (2023). Unveiling the potential of space syntax approach for revitalizing historic urban areas: A case study of Yushan Historic District, China. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 12(6), 1144-1156.
  • McNaughton, B. L., & Saksena, R. (2022). Route selection with a cognitive map. Neuron, 1441-1442.
  • Meshur, H. F. A. (2016). Evaluation of urban spaces from the perspective of universal design principles: The case of Konya/Turkey. TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 9(2), 191-208. Access Address (13.10.2023): http://www.serena.unina.it/index.php/tema/article/view/3786
  • Meşhur, H. F., & Yılmaz Çakmak, B. (2018). Universal design in urban public spaces: the case of Zafer Pedestrian Zone/Konya-Turkey. Iconarp International Journal of Architecture and Planning. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/223
  • Meyer, A. & Rose, D. H. (2000). Universal design for individual differences. Educational leadership, 58(3), 39-43. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ617848
  • Mijani, M., Gharehbeiglu, M., Reshad, L., & Nejadebrahimi, A. (2023). Evaluation of Students' Cognitive Maps from an Urban Perspective as a Mental Image Output. Geographical Researches, 38(3), 381-389.
  • Mohamed, A. A., & van der Laag Yamu, C. (2024). Space syntax has come of age: A bibliometric review from 1976 to 2023. Journal of Planning Literature, 39(2), 203-217.
  • Mounia, B., & Foued, B. (2024). Space Syntax: a Method for assessing the urban policies in Ain M’lila city. Tobacco Regulatory Science (TRS), 1393-1405.
  • Molaei, M., Safari, H., & Asadi Malek Jahan, F. (2024). Configuration analysis of the passage of historical fabric of cities with the space syntax method (Case study: Sharbafan neighborhood in Lahijan). Geographical Engineering of Territory, 8(1), 1-18.
  • Moore, A., Boyle, B., & Lynch, H. (2023). Designing public playgrounds for inclusion: A scoping review of grey literature guidelines for Universal Design. Children's Geographies, 21(3), 422-441. Access Address (21.10.2023): https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14733285.2022.2073197
  • Moore, A., Lynch, H., & Boyle, B. (2022). A national study of playground professionals universal design implementation practices. Landscape Research, 47(5), 611-627.
  • Mustaquim, M. M. (2012). A study of universal design principles assessment. Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Safety, 271. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://www.routledge.com/Advances-in-Physical-Ergonomics- and-Safety/Ahram-Karwowski/p/book/9781439870389
  • Null, R. (Ed.). (2013). Universal design: Principles and models. CRC Press. Access Address (6.10.2023): https://www.routledge.com/Universal-Design-Principles-and-Models/Null/p/book/9781138076006
  • NLC, (2022). Using Universal Design to Create Safe Welcoming and Joyful Spaces. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://www.nlc.org/article/2022/05/31/using-universal-design-to-create-safe-welcoming-and-joyful- spaces/
  • Olguntürk, N., & Demirkan, H. (2009). Ergonomics and universal design in interior architecture education. METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 26(2). 123-138 Access Address (1.10.2023): http://jfa.arch.metu.edu.tr/archive/0258-5316/2009/cilt26/sayi_2/123-138.pdf
  • Oliynyk, O., & Troshkina, O. (2023). Analysis of architectural urban spaces based on space syntax and scenario methods. Spatium, 24-32.
  • Qzalp, Y (2022). Barrier-Free Living Centers. Access Address (15.10.2023): https://epale.ec.europa.eu/en/blog/barrier-free-living-centers
  • Peer, M., Nadar, C., & Epstein, R. A. (2023, January 31). The format of the cognitive map depends on the structure of the environment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001498
  • Pendik (2023). Pendik Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi. Access Address (7.10.2023): https://www.pendik.bel.tr/yer/detay/pendik-engelsiz-yasam-merkezi#ad-image-0
  • Peponis, J. (2024). Space syntax and design. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 51(5), 1073-1078.
  • Polykretis, I., & Danielescu, A. (2024). Mapless mobile robot navigation at the edge using self-supervised cognitive map learners. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 11.
  • Qanazi, S., Hijazi, I. H., Shahrour, I., & Meouche, R. E. (2024). Exploring urban service location suitability: Mapping social behavior dynamics with space syntax theory. Land, 13(5), 609.
  • Qu, H., Nordin, N. A., Tsong, T. B., & Feng, X. (2023). A Bibliometrics and Visual Analysis of Global Publications for Cognitive Map (1970-2022). IEEE Access.
  • Safizadeh, M., Hedayati Marzbali, M., Abdullah, A., & Maghsoodi Tilaki, M. J. (2024). Integrating space syntax and CPTED in assessing outdoor physical activity. Geographical Research.
  • Sarmiento, I., Cockcroft, A., Dion, A., Belaid, L., Silver, H., Pizarro, K., … & Andersson, N. (2024). Fuzzy cognitive mapping in participatory research and decision making: a practice review. Archives of Public Health, 82(1), 76.
  • Savaş, B., (2021). Üsküdar Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezine Sürdürülebiirlik Ödülü. Access Address (21.03.2024): https://www.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2021/03/24/uskudar-engelsiz-yasam-merkezine-surdurulebilirlik- odulu#:~:text=%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar%20Belediyesince%20hayata%20ge%C3%A7irilen%20Engelsiz,a%C3%A7%C 4%B1k%20ara%20farkla%201'incilik
  • Sayar, G., & Arat, Y. (2024). Evrensel tasarım kriterleri bağlamında konya kelebekler vadisi müzesinin incelenmesi. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 149(149), 354-367.
  • Selanon, P., & Chuangchai, W. (2024). Improving Accessibility to Urban Greenspaces for People with Disabilities: A Modified Universal Design Approach. Journal of Planning Literature, 39(1), 79-83. Access Address (21.03.2024): https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/08854122231212662
  • Seçme, M. & Küçük, V. (2020). Denizli Vali Recep Yazıcıoğlu (İncilipınar) Parkı evrensel tasarım ve planlama bağlamında değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 5 (1), 93-107. DOI: 10.30785/mbud.667598. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1136619
  • Steinfeld, E. & Maisel, J. (2012). Universal design: Creating inclusive environments. John Wiley & Sons. Access Address (8.10.2023): https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Universal+Design%3A+Creating+Inclusive+Environments-p- 9780470399132
  • Stein, E. (2022). De-imaging New York: cognitive mapping and the city symphony. GeoJournal, 87(Suppl 1), 33- 41.
  • Süvari, A. (2023). Kamusal mekânlarda evrensel tasarım ile ilgili lisansüstü tezlerin incelenmesi. Online Journal of Art & Design, 11(4).
  • SSS14 (2024). 14th International Space Syntax Symposium. Access Address (8.10.2023): https://cyprusconferences.org/14sss/
  • Şahin Körmeçli, P. (2024). Accessibility of urban tourism in historical areas: Analysis of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Safranbolu. Sustainability, 16(6), 2485.
  • Tomberg, V., Schulz, T. & Kelle, S. (2015). Applying universal design principles to themes for wearables. In Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Access to Interaction: 9th International Conference, UAHCI 2015, Held as Part of HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2-7, 2015, Proceedings, Part II 9 (pp. 550-560). Springer International Publishing. Access Address (11.10.2023): https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-20681-3_52
  • Tchertov, L. (2024). Mental models of urban space and their semiotic means. In Semiotic Approaches to Urban Space (pp. 158-174). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Tutal, O., & Topcu, M. (2018). Thinking with universal design in historical environment. ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 6, 63-80. Access Address (61.10.2023): https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/229
  • Tuzla (2023). Tuzla Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi. Access Address (11.10.2023): https://www.tuzla.bel.tr/icerik/1178/7975/engelsiz-yasam-merkezi.aspx
  • Usal, S. S. Y. & Evcil, A. N. (2019). Universal Design in Interior Architecture Education: The Case of Store Design. ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning. Access Address (1.10.2023): https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/273
  • Uskudar, (2023). Üsküdar Belediyesi Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi, Access Address (5.10.2023): https://www.uskudar.bel.tr/tr/main/pages/engelsiz-yasam-merkezi/431
  • Van Nes, A., & Yamu, C. (2021). Introduction to space syntax in urban studies (p. 250). Springer Nature. Access Address (8.10.2023): https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/50404
  • Watchorn, V., Hitch, D., Tucker, R., Frawley, P., Aedy, K., & Grant, C. (2023). Evaluating universal design of built environments: an empirical study of stakeholder practice and perceptions. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 38(3), 1491-1510.
  • WOS (2024). Web of Science Database, Search. Access Address (1.07.2023): https://www.webofknowledge.com/
  • Widiastuti, R. & Harsritanto, B. I. (2018). Study of Universal Design Principles on Old City Open Space Elements. Advanced Science Letters, 24(12), 9764-9766. Access Address (1.06.2024): https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/asp/asl/2018/00000024/00000012/art00183
  • Wu, C. M., Schulz, E., Garvert, M. M., Meder, B., & Schuck, N. W. (2020). Similarities and differences in spatial and non-spatial cognitive maps. Plos Computational Biology, 16(9), e1008149. Access Address (1.03.2024): https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008149
  • Wu, Y., Liu, Q., Hang, T., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., & Cao, L. (2024). Integrating restorative perception into urban street planning: A framework using street view images, deep learning, and space syntax. Cities, 147, 104791. Access Address (1.03.2024): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275124000052
  • X, (2024). Engelsiz Yaşam Merkezi. Access Address (1.06.2024): https://x.com/engelsizyasamrk
  • Yang, L., Jin, Q., & Fu, F. (2024). Research on urban street network structure based on spatial syntax and POI Data. Sustainability, 16(5), 1757. Access Address (1.03.2024): https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/5/1757
  • Yang, M., Duha, M. S. U., Kirsch, B. A., Glaser, N., Crompton, H., & Luo, T. (2024). Universal design in online education: A systematic review. Distance Education, 45(1), 23-59.
  • Yeşiltepe, M., & Demirkan, H. (2023). Reflection of Empathic design process on interior architecture students’ Universal Design Solutions. ODTÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(1), 59–82. https://hdl.handle.net/11511/104798
  • Zanon, L. G., Bertassini, A. C., Sigahi, T. F. A. C., Anholon, R., & Carpinetti, L. C. R. (2024). Relations between supply chain performance and circular economy implementation: A fuzzy cognitive map‐based analysis for sustainable development. Business Strategy & Development, 7(2), e373.
  • Zhan, Z., Huang, H., Winter, S., & Van de Weghe, N. (2024). Cognitive mapping of indoor environments: constructing an indoor navigation network from crowdsourced indoor route descriptions. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 1-19. Access Address (20.03.2025): https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15230406.2024.2305450
  • Zhang, D., Setola, N., & Chen, Y. (2024). Analysis of cross-generational co-living space configuration in residential communities—case study in China and Italy Based on Space Syntax. Buildings, 14(2), 346.
  • Zheng, J., Bai, X., Wu, Z., Zhang, S., Zhang, T. & Wang, H. (2022). Research on the spatial behavior conflict in suburban village communities based on GPS tracking and cognitive mapping. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 21(6), 2605-2620. Access Address (14.10.2023): https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13467581.2021.1971680

Toplam 111 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Evrensel ve Engelsiz Tasarım
BölümAraştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Emine Banu Burkut KONYA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY 0000-0003-0252-4054 Türkiye

Bilgehan Yılmaz Çakmak KONYA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY 0000-0003-4199-0648 Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi30 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi27 Aralık 2023
Kabul Tarihi30 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APABurkut, E. B., & Yılmaz Çakmak, B. (2024). Cognitive Mapping and Space Syntax Analysis of Universal Design Principles: The Case of the Üsküdar Barrier-Free Life Center. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 9(1), 422-443. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1410694

Download or read online: Click here