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Amerika’da Kalvinciliğe Karşı Arminciliğin Etkisi ve Yayılışı Skip to content Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 161 – 188, 31.12.2023
Harun Ceylan
https://doi.org/10.51490/oksident.1373988
Öz Within Protestant theology, Arminianism is a theological perception based on the views of Jacob Arminius (1559-1609), who lived in the Netherlands in the 16th century, and it opposes Calvinism’s theological propositions on fate, grace, human will, the atonement of Jesus, and the perseverance of believers. Arminianism, which started to find a place in England with the influence of Remonstrants, later moved to America with intense migrations. In America especially John Wesley and Methodists played an important role in the spread of Arminianism. Many Protestant denominations in America prefer the belief in destiny based on the emphasis of Arminianism on universal atonement and the will of man in salvation rather than the principles of Calvinism. In this article, firstly, the life of Arminius will be presented, and then his objections to Calvin’s Reformed theology will be discussed. Later, the spread of Arminianism in America will be mentioned. At this point, John Wesley’s Arminianism will be discussed. Then the Protestant communities that are closer to the Arminian approach rather than Calvinism will be mentioned. By this study, Arminian Protestant theology in America will be explained although this theology is not completely based on the arguments of classical Arminianism. Thus, the origin and course of the theological debates between Calvinism and Arminianism that have continued until today in America will be revealed.
Anahtar Kelimeler Arminianism, Calvinism, America, Methodism, Protestant denominations, History of Religions, Christianity
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Illinois: Intervarsity Press, 2009. Ostler, Blake T. “The Concept of Grace in Christian Thought”. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 23/4 (1990): 13-43. Patacı, Bilal. Pelagius ve Hristiyan Düşüncesindeki Yeri (IV. ve V. Yüzyıl). Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul: İstanbul Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2014. Peterson, Robert A. & Michael D. Williams. Why I am not an Arminian. Illinois: Intervarsity Press, 2004. Picirilli, Robert E. Free Will Revisited: A Respectful Response to Luther, Calvin, and Edwards. Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2017. Pinson, J. Matthew (ed.). Four Views on Eternal Security. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002. Polat, Bayram. Evanjelik Bir Hareket: Metodist Kilisesi. İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 2008. Rhodes, Ron. The Complete Guide to Christian Denominations: Understanding the History, Beliefs, and Differences. Oregon: Harvest House Publishers, 2005. Shipley, David Clark. Methodist Arminianism in the Theology of John Fletcher. Doktora Tezi, New Haven: Yale University, 1947. Slaatte, Howard A. The Arminian Arm of Theology: The Theologies of John Fletcher, First Methodist Theologian, and His Precursor, James Arminius. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1977. Sproul, R. C. Bilinmeyen Lütuf (Grace Unknown), Reform Teolojisinin Kalbi. Çev. Hande Taylan, İstanbul: Kaya Basım, 1999. Stanglin, Keith D. Arminius on the Assurance of Salvation: The Context, Roots, and Shape of the Leiden Debate, 1603-1609. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2007. Stanglin, Keith D. & Thomas H. McCall. Jacob Arminius: Theologian of Grace. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. Stanglin, Keith D. & Mark G. Bilby & Mark H. Mann (ed.). Reconsidering Arminius, Beyond the Reformed and Wesleyan Divide. Nashville: Kingswood Books, 2014. Sutton, Jerry. “Another Look at James Arminius and the Dutch Reformation”. Midwestern Journal of Theology 10/2 (2011): 103-134. Thuesen, Peter J. Predestination: The American Career of a Contentious Doctrine. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Van Holk, Lambertus Jacobus. “From Arminius to Arminianism in Dutch Theology”. Man’s Faith and Freedom: The Theological Influence of Jacobus Arminius, ed. Gerald O. McCulloh, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2006, 27-45. Vickers, Jason E. “Wesley’s Theological Emphases”. The Cambridge Companion to John Wesley, ed. Randy L. Maddox & Jason E. Vickers, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010, 190-206.
Amerika'da Kalvinciliğe Karşı Arminciliğin Etkisi ve Yayılışı Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 161 – 188, 31.12.2023
Harun Ceylan
https://doi.org/10.51490/oksident.1373988
Öz Protestan teoloji içerisinde Armincilik, 16. yüzyılda Hollanda’da yaşamış olan Jacob Arminius’un (1559-1609) teolojik görüşlerine dayanan ve Kalvinciliğin kader, lütuf, insan iradesi, İsa’nın kefareti, inananların korunmuşluğu konularındaki teolojik önermelerine karşı çıkan bir anlayıştır. Arminius’tan sonra onun takipçileri olan Remonstrantların etkisiyle İngiltere’de yer bulmaya başlayan Armincilik, yoğun göçlerle birlikte Amerika’ya da taşınmıştır. Özellikle John Wesley ve Metodistler Arminciliğin yayılmasında önemli bir rol üstlenmişlerdir. Amerika’da ortaya çıkmış olan birçok Protestan cemaat, Kalvinciliğin ilkelerinden çok Arminciliğin evrensel kefarete ve insanın kurtuluştaki iradesine vurguya dayanan kader inancını tercih etmiştir. Bu makalede, öncelikle Arminius’un hayatından bahsedilecek, sonra onun Calvin’in Reform teolojisine olan itirazları ele alınacaktır. Daha sonra Arminciliğin Amerika’da yayılışından bahsedilecek, bu noktada John Wesley’in Arminciliği ele alındıktan sonra kader, kefaret, lütuf, irade konularında Kalvincilik yerine Arminciliğe yakın olan Protestan cemaatlerden bahsedilecektir. Böylelikle klasik Arminciliğin argümanlarına tamamen dayanmasa da Amerika’da Arminci olarak nitelenen Protestan teoloji ortaya konmuş olacak ve Amerika’da Kalvincilik ile Armincilik arasında günümüzde de devam eden teolojik tartışmaların kökeni ve seyri ortaya konmuş olacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler Armincilik, Kalvincilik, Amerika, Metodizm, Protestan cemaatler, Dinler Tarihi, Hıristiyanlık
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Harvey, Van A. A Handbook of Theological Terms: Their Meaning and Background Exposed in over 300 Articles. New York: Touchstone, 1992. Hoenderdaal, G. J. “The Debate about Arminius Outside the Netherlands”. Leiden University in the Seventeenth Century: An Exchange of Learning, ed. Th. H. Lunsingh Scheurleer & G. H. M. Posthumus Meyjes, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975, 137-159. Hoenderdaal, G. J. “The Life and Struggle of Arminius in the Dutch Republic”. Man’s Faith and Freedom: The Theological Influence of Jacobus Arminius, ed. Gerald McCulloh, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2006, 11-26. Israel, Jonathan I. Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. Londra & Rio Grande: The Hambledon Press, 1997. Malkoç, Numan. Türkiye’de Protestanlık ve Protestan Kiliseleri. İstanbul: Yalın Yayıncılık, 2011. McCulloh, Gerald O. “The Influence of Arminius on American Theology”. Man’s Faith and Freedom: The Theological Influence of Jacobus Arminius, ed. Gerald O. McCulloh, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2006, 64-87. Mead, Frank S. & Samuel S. Hill. Handbook of Denominations in the United States. 11. bs., Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2001. Meeuwsen, James. “Original Arminianism and Methodistic Arminianism Compared”. Reformed Review 14/1 (1960): 21-36. Nuttall, Geoffrey F. “The Influence of Arminianism in England”. Man’s Faith and Freedom: The Theological Influence of Jacobus Arminius, ed. Gerald O. McCulloh, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2006, 46-63. Olgun, Hakan. “John Calvin”. Doğudan Batıya Düşüncenin Serüveni: Antikçağ Yunan & Ortaçağ Düşüncesi, ed. Bayram Ali Çetinkaya & Celal Türer & Hakan Olgun, İstanbul: İnsan Yayınları, 2015, 2: 781-804. Ollerton, Andrew J. The Crisis of Calvinism and Rise of Arminianism in Cromwellian England. Doktora Tezi, Leicester: University of Leicester, 2016. Olson, Roger E. Arminian Theology: Myths and Realities. Illinois: Intervarsity Press, 2009. Ostler, Blake T. “The Concept of Grace in Christian Thought”. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 23/4 (1990): 13-43. Patacı, Bilal. Pelagius ve Hristiyan Düşüncesindeki Yeri (IV. ve V. Yüzyıl). Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul: İstanbul Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2014. Peterson, Robert A. & Michael D. Williams. Why I am not an Arminian. Illinois: Intervarsity Press, 2004. Picirilli, Robert E. Free Will Revisited: A Respectful Response to Luther, Calvin, and Edwards. Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2017. Pinson, J. Matthew (ed.). Four Views on Eternal Security. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002. Polat, Bayram. Evanjelik Bir Hareket: Metodist Kilisesi. İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 2008. Rhodes, Ron. The Complete Guide to Christian Denominations: Understanding the History, Beliefs, and Differences. Oregon: Harvest House Publishers, 2005. Shipley, David Clark. Methodist Arminianism in the Theology of John Fletcher. Doktora Tezi, New Haven: Yale University, 1947. Slaatte, Howard A. The Arminian Arm of Theology: The Theologies of John Fletcher, First Methodist Theologian, and His Precursor, James Arminius. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1977. Sproul, R. C. Bilinmeyen Lütuf (Grace Unknown), Reform Teolojisinin Kalbi. Çev. Hande Taylan, İstanbul: Kaya Basım, 1999. Stanglin, Keith D. Arminius on the Assurance of Salvation: The Context, Roots, and Shape of the Leiden Debate, 1603-1609. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2007. Stanglin, Keith D. & Thomas H. McCall. Jacob Arminius: Theologian of Grace. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. Stanglin, Keith D. & Mark G. Bilby & Mark H. Mann (ed.). Reconsidering Arminius, Beyond the Reformed and Wesleyan Divide. Nashville: Kingswood Books, 2014. Sutton, Jerry. “Another Look at James Arminius and the Dutch Reformation”. Midwestern Journal of Theology 10/2 (2011): 103-134. Thuesen, Peter J. Predestination: The American Career of a Contentious Doctrine. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Van Holk, Lambertus Jacobus. “From Arminius to Arminianism in Dutch Theology”. Man’s Faith and Freedom: The Theological Influence of Jacobus Arminius, ed. Gerald O. McCulloh, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2006, 27-45. Vickers, Jason E. “Wesley’s Theological Emphases”. The Cambridge Companion to John Wesley, ed. Randy L. Maddox & Jason E. Vickers, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010, 190-206. Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Dinler Tarihi, Hrıstiyanlık Araştırmaları Bölüm Makaleler Yazarlar Harun Ceylan ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İLAHİYAT FAKÜLTESİ 0000-0002-9802-7476 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023 Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Ekim 2023 Kabul Tarihi 24 Kasım 2023 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2
Kaynak Göster ISNAD Ceylan, Harun. “Amerika’da Kalvinciliğe Karşı Arminciliğin Etkisi Ve Yayılışı”. Oksident 5/2 (Aralık 2023), 161-188. https://doi.org/10.51490/oksident.1373988.
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