The effect of anthocyanin administration on redox balance in acute exercise: an experimental study

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 49 Sayı: 2, 471 – 478, 30.06.2024

Seyhan Taşkın , Hakim Çelik , Abdullah Taşkın

https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1440184

Öz

Amaç: Siyanidin-3-glikozit (Cy3G) antioksidan, antidiyabetik, antiinflamatuar ve sitoprotektif özelliklerine atfedilen biyolojik aktivitelerinin çeşitliliği nedeniyle geniş çapta araştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada akut egzersizde bozulan redoks dengesi üzerine Cy3G takviyesinin etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: 28 adet erkek Balb-C fare dört gruba ayrıldı: kontrol, egzersiz, Cy3G ve egzersiz+Cy3G. Deney protokolünün 1-14. günleri boyunca, Cy3G ve Egzersiz+Cy3G gruplarındaki farelere vücut ağırlığının kg’ı başına 5 mg Cy3G verildi. Kontrol ve egzersiz grubundaki fareler standart yem ile beslendi. Farelere akut tükenme egzersizinden önce 2 hafta boyunca 10 m/dak hızda her gün 10 dakika boyunca koşu bandında alıştırma egzersizi yaptırıldı. 15. günde ise akut tükenme egzersizi uygulandı. Ardından tüm gruplar sakrifiye edildi ve serum örneklerinde native thiol, total thiol, disülfit düzeyi ve thiol-disülfit indeksleri analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Egzersizle birlikte verilen Cy3G, native tiyol düzeyini diğer gruplara göre anlamlı düzeyde artırırken, disülfit düzeylerini düşürdüğü bulundu. Total tiyol düzeylerinde herhangi bir değişikliğe neden olmadı. Native tiyol 114.6±64.1, 106.4 ±57.9, 200.1±84.2, 262.1±105.9 olarak ölçüldü; Disülfid düzeyi 253.2±71.6, 257.4±31.5, 213.8±44.8 ve 188.4±32.2 olarak hesaplandı; Total tiyol ise 621.1±116.1, 621.2±100.1, 627.7±125.8, 639.0±105.3 idi (sırasıyla; kontrol, egzersiz, Cy3G ve egzersiz+Cy3G).
Sonuç: Akut egzersizde Cy3G takviyesi, antioksidan savunma sistemlerini destekleyerek ve oksidatif stresi azaltarak potansiyel olarak redoks dengesini koruyabilir. Cy3G kullanımı, spor branşlarında akut yorgunluğa neden olabilecek egzersiz kaynaklı oksidatif stresin önlenmesinde olumlu etki yaratabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antosiyanin, Oksidatif stres, Cy3G, Tiyol, Disülfit

Proje Numarası

TUBITAK Project No: 223S229

Kaynakça

• Nasri H, Baradaran A, Shirzad H, Kopaei MR. New concepts in nutraceuticals as alternative for pharmaceuticals. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5:1487-99.
• Yang MI, Koo SO, Song WK, Chun O. Food matrix affecting anthocyanin bioavailability: review. Curr Med Chem. 2011;18:291-300.
• Overall J, Lila MA, Komarnytsky S. Anthocyanins in metabolic health and disease. In: Nutrigenomics and proteomics in health and disease (Eds M Kussmann , P Stover):92-114. New York, Wiley. 2017.
• Speciale A, Cimino F, Saija A, Canali R, Virgili F. Bioavailability and molecular activities of anthocyanins as modulators of endothelial function. Genes Nutr. 2014;9:404.
• Smeriglio A, Barreca D, Bellocco E, Trombetta D. Chemistry, pharmacology and health benefits of anthocyanins. Phyther Res. 2016;30:1265-86.
• Rahman S, Mathew S, Nair P, Ramadan WS, Vazhappilly CG. Health benefits of cyanidin-3-glucoside as a potent modulator of nrf2-mediated oxidative stress. Inflammopharmacology. 2021;29:907-23.
• Guo H, Guo J, Jiang X, Li Z, Ling W. Cyanidin-3-o-β-glucoside, a typical anthocyanin, exhibits antilipolytic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during hyperglycemia: involvement of foxO1-mediated transcription of adipose triglyceride lipase. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012;50:3040-7.
• Matsukawa T, Inaguma T, Han J, Villareal MO, Isoda H. Cyanidin-3-glucoside derived from black soybeans ameliorate type 2 diabetes through the induction of differentiation of preadipocytes into smaller and insulin-sensitive adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem. 2015;26:860-7.
• Cook MD, Willems ET. Dietary anthocyanins: a review of the exercise performance effects and related physiological responses. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2019;29:322-30.
• Neufer PD, Bamman MM, Muoio DM, Bouchard C, Cooper DM, Goodpaster BH et al. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of physical activity-induced health benefits. Cell Metab. 2015;22:4-11.
• Martínez-Ferrán M, Cuadrado-Peñafiel V, Sánchez-Andreo JM, Villar-Lucas M, Castellanos-Montealegre M, Rubio-Martín A et al. Effects of acute vitamin c plus vitamin e supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage in runners: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2022;14:1-12.
• Taskin S, Celik T, Demiryurek S, Turedi S, Taskin A. Effects of different-intensity exercise and creatine supplementation on mitochondrial biogenesis and redox status in mice. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022;25:1009-15.
• Azzi A. Oxidative stress: what ıs it? can it be measured? where is it located? can it be good or bad? can it be prevented? can it be cured?. Antioxidants. 2022;11:1431.
• Liang X, Liu L, Fu T, Zhou Q, Zhou D, Xiao L et al. Exercise inducible lactate dehydrogenase b regulates mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem. 2016;291:25306-18.
• Wang P, Li CG, Zhou X, Cui D, Ouyang T, Chen W et al. A single bout of exhaustive treadmill exercise increased ampk activation associated with enhanced autophagy in mice skeletal muscle. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2022;49:536-43.
• Erel O, Neselioglu S. A novel and automated assay for thiol/disulphide homeostasis. Clin Biochem. 2014;47:326-32.
• Kurutas EB. The importance of antioxidants which play the role in cellular response against oxidative/nitrosative stress: current state. Nutr J. 2016;15:71.
• Hu N, Ren J. Reactive oxygen species regulate myocardial mitochondria through post-translational modification. React Oxyg Species. 2016;2:264-71.
• Vassalle C, Pingitore A, De Giuseppe R, Vigna L, Bamonti F. Biomarkers part II: biomarkers to estimate bioefficacy of dietary/supplemental antioxidants in sport. In Antioxidants in sport nutrition (Ed M Lamprecht):261-72. Boca Raton (FL), CRC Press, 2015.
• Pingitore A, Lima GPP, Mastorci F, Quinones A, Iervasi G, Vassalle C. Exercise and oxidative stress: potential effects of antioxidant dietary strategies in sports. Nutrition. 2015;31:916-22.
• Antonioni A, Fantini C, Dimauro I, Caporossi D. Redox homeostasis in sport: do athletes really need antioxidant support? Res Sport Med. 2019;27:147-65.
• Amir Aslani B, Ghobadi S. Studies on oxidants and antioxidants with a brief glance at their relevance to the immune system. Life Sci. 2016;146:163-73.
• Jayarathne S, Stull AJ, Park OH, Kim JH, Thompson L, Moustaid-Moussa N. Protective effects of anthocyanins in obesity-associated inflammation and changes in gut microbiome. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019;63:1-18.
• Khoo HE, Azlan A, Tang ST, Lim SM. Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits. Food Nutr Res. 2017;61:1361779.
• Min SW, Ryu SN, Kim DH. Anti-inflammatory effects of black rice, cyanidin-3-o-beta-d-glycoside, and its metabolites, cyanidin and protocatechuic acid. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2010;10:959-66.
• Tan C, Wang M, Kong Y, Wan M, Deng H, Tong Y et al. Anti-inflammatory and intestinal microbiota modulation properties of high hydrostatic pressure treated cyanidin-3-glucoside and blueberry pectin complexes on dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis mice. Food Funct. 2022;13:4384-98.
• Frountzas M, Karanikki E, Toutouza O, Sotirakis D, Schizas D, Theofilis P et al. Exploring the impact of cyanidin-3-glucoside on inflammatory bowel diseases: investigating new mechanisms for emerging interventions. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:9399.
• Willems MET, Myers SD, Gault ML, Cook MD. Beneficial physiological effects with blackcurrant intake in endurance athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015;25:367-74.
• Matsukawa T, Motojima H, Sato Y, Takahashi S, Villareal MO, Isoda H. Upregulation of skeletal muscle pgc-1α through the elevation of cyclic amp levels by cyanidin-3-glucoside enhances exercise performance. Sci Rep. 2017;7:44799.
• McLeay Y, Stannard S, Houltham S, Starck C. Dietary thiols in exercise: oxidative stress defence, exercise performance, and adaptation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14:12.
• Sentürk UK, Gündüz F, Kuru O, Aktekin MR, Kipmen D, Yalçin O et al. Exercise-induced oxidative stress affects erythrocytes in sedentary rats but not exercise-trained rats. J Appl Physiol. 2001;91:1999-2004.
• Xianchu L, Ming L, Xiangbin L, Lan Z. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract supplementation affects exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue in mice. Food Nutr Res. 2018;62:1-7.
• Chen Y, Wang J, Jing Z, Ordovas JM, Wang J, Shen L. Anti-fatigue and anti-oxidant effects of curcumin supplementation in exhaustive swimming mice via nrf2/keap1 signal pathway. Curr Res Food Sci. 2022;5:1148-57.

The effect of anthocyanin administration on redox balance in acute exercise: an experimental study

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 49 Sayı: 2, 471 – 478, 30.06.2024

Seyhan Taşkın , Hakim Çelik , Abdullah Taşkın

https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1440184

Öz

Purpose: Due to the diverse biological activities attributed to its antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties, cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy3G) has been widely studied. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Cy3G supplementation on redox balance disruption during acute exercise.
Materials and Methods: To this end, 28 male Balb-C mice were divided into four groups: control, exercise, Cy3G, and exercise+Cy3G. During the experimental period, the mice in the Cy3G and exercise+Cy3G groups were administered 5 mg of Cy3G per kg of body weight, while the control and exercise groups were fed standard chow. The mice were trained on treadmill for 10 min every day at speed of 10 m/min for 2 weeks. On the 15th day, an acute exhaustion exercise was applied. Then, all groups were sacrificed, and serum samples were taken to analyze the native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, and thiol-disulfide indices.
Results: The findings showed that the combination of Cy3G and exercise significantly increased native thiol levels and decreased disulfide levels compared to the other groups. However, it did not cause any change in total thiol levels. Native thiol were measured as 114.6±64.1, 106.4 ±57.9, 200.1±84.2, 262.1±105.9; Disulfide were determined as 253.2±71.6, 257.4±31.5, 213.8±44.8 and 188.4±32.2; Total thiol were 621.1±116.1, 621.2±100.1, 627.7±125.8 and 639.0±105.3 (respectively; control, exercise, Cy3G, and exercise+Cy3G).
Conclusion: Cy3G supplementation can potentially maintain redox balance during acute exercise by supporting antioxidant defense systems and reducing oxidative stress. The use of Cy3G may have a positive effect on preventing exercise-induced oxidative stress and acute fatigue.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anthocyanin, Oxidative stress, Cy3G, Thiol, Disulfide

Etik Beyan

The study protocol was approved by the Harran University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (No: 2023/006/03) and conformed to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK) (Project No: 223S229)

Proje Numarası

TUBITAK Project No: 223S229

Kaynakça

• Nasri H, Baradaran A, Shirzad H, Kopaei MR. New concepts in nutraceuticals as alternative for pharmaceuticals. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5:1487-99.
• Yang MI, Koo SO, Song WK, Chun O. Food matrix affecting anthocyanin bioavailability: review. Curr Med Chem. 2011;18:291-300.
• Overall J, Lila MA, Komarnytsky S. Anthocyanins in metabolic health and disease. In: Nutrigenomics and proteomics in health and disease (Eds M Kussmann , P Stover):92-114. New York, Wiley. 2017.
• Speciale A, Cimino F, Saija A, Canali R, Virgili F. Bioavailability and molecular activities of anthocyanins as modulators of endothelial function. Genes Nutr. 2014;9:404.
• Smeriglio A, Barreca D, Bellocco E, Trombetta D. Chemistry, pharmacology and health benefits of anthocyanins. Phyther Res. 2016;30:1265-86.
• Rahman S, Mathew S, Nair P, Ramadan WS, Vazhappilly CG. Health benefits of cyanidin-3-glucoside as a potent modulator of nrf2-mediated oxidative stress. Inflammopharmacology. 2021;29:907-23.
• Guo H, Guo J, Jiang X, Li Z, Ling W. Cyanidin-3-o-β-glucoside, a typical anthocyanin, exhibits antilipolytic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during hyperglycemia: involvement of foxO1-mediated transcription of adipose triglyceride lipase. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012;50:3040-7.
• Matsukawa T, Inaguma T, Han J, Villareal MO, Isoda H. Cyanidin-3-glucoside derived from black soybeans ameliorate type 2 diabetes through the induction of differentiation of preadipocytes into smaller and insulin-sensitive adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem. 2015;26:860-7.
• Cook MD, Willems ET. Dietary anthocyanins: a review of the exercise performance effects and related physiological responses. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2019;29:322-30.
• Neufer PD, Bamman MM, Muoio DM, Bouchard C, Cooper DM, Goodpaster BH et al. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of physical activity-induced health benefits. Cell Metab. 2015;22:4-11.
• Martínez-Ferrán M, Cuadrado-Peñafiel V, Sánchez-Andreo JM, Villar-Lucas M, Castellanos-Montealegre M, Rubio-Martín A et al. Effects of acute vitamin c plus vitamin e supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage in runners: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2022;14:1-12.
• Taskin S, Celik T, Demiryurek S, Turedi S, Taskin A. Effects of different-intensity exercise and creatine supplementation on mitochondrial biogenesis and redox status in mice. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022;25:1009-15.
• Azzi A. Oxidative stress: what ıs it? can it be measured? where is it located? can it be good or bad? can it be prevented? can it be cured?. Antioxidants. 2022;11:1431.
• Liang X, Liu L, Fu T, Zhou Q, Zhou D, Xiao L et al. Exercise inducible lactate dehydrogenase b regulates mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem. 2016;291:25306-18.
• Wang P, Li CG, Zhou X, Cui D, Ouyang T, Chen W et al. A single bout of exhaustive treadmill exercise increased ampk activation associated with enhanced autophagy in mice skeletal muscle. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2022;49:536-43.
• Erel O, Neselioglu S. A novel and automated assay for thiol/disulphide homeostasis. Clin Biochem. 2014;47:326-32.
• Kurutas EB. The importance of antioxidants which play the role in cellular response against oxidative/nitrosative stress: current state. Nutr J. 2016;15:71.
• Hu N, Ren J. Reactive oxygen species regulate myocardial mitochondria through post-translational modification. React Oxyg Species. 2016;2:264-71.
• Vassalle C, Pingitore A, De Giuseppe R, Vigna L, Bamonti F. Biomarkers part II: biomarkers to estimate bioefficacy of dietary/supplemental antioxidants in sport. In Antioxidants in sport nutrition (Ed M Lamprecht):261-72. Boca Raton (FL), CRC Press, 2015.
• Pingitore A, Lima GPP, Mastorci F, Quinones A, Iervasi G, Vassalle C. Exercise and oxidative stress: potential effects of antioxidant dietary strategies in sports. Nutrition. 2015;31:916-22.
• Antonioni A, Fantini C, Dimauro I, Caporossi D. Redox homeostasis in sport: do athletes really need antioxidant support? Res Sport Med. 2019;27:147-65.
• Amir Aslani B, Ghobadi S. Studies on oxidants and antioxidants with a brief glance at their relevance to the immune system. Life Sci. 2016;146:163-73.
• Jayarathne S, Stull AJ, Park OH, Kim JH, Thompson L, Moustaid-Moussa N. Protective effects of anthocyanins in obesity-associated inflammation and changes in gut microbiome. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019;63:1-18.
• Khoo HE, Azlan A, Tang ST, Lim SM. Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits. Food Nutr Res. 2017;61:1361779.
• Min SW, Ryu SN, Kim DH. Anti-inflammatory effects of black rice, cyanidin-3-o-beta-d-glycoside, and its metabolites, cyanidin and protocatechuic acid. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2010;10:959-66.
• Tan C, Wang M, Kong Y, Wan M, Deng H, Tong Y et al. Anti-inflammatory and intestinal microbiota modulation properties of high hydrostatic pressure treated cyanidin-3-glucoside and blueberry pectin complexes on dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis mice. Food Funct. 2022;13:4384-98.
• Frountzas M, Karanikki E, Toutouza O, Sotirakis D, Schizas D, Theofilis P et al. Exploring the impact of cyanidin-3-glucoside on inflammatory bowel diseases: investigating new mechanisms for emerging interventions. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:9399.
• Willems MET, Myers SD, Gault ML, Cook MD. Beneficial physiological effects with blackcurrant intake in endurance athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015;25:367-74.
• Matsukawa T, Motojima H, Sato Y, Takahashi S, Villareal MO, Isoda H. Upregulation of skeletal muscle pgc-1α through the elevation of cyclic amp levels by cyanidin-3-glucoside enhances exercise performance. Sci Rep. 2017;7:44799.
• McLeay Y, Stannard S, Houltham S, Starck C. Dietary thiols in exercise: oxidative stress defence, exercise performance, and adaptation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14:12.
• Sentürk UK, Gündüz F, Kuru O, Aktekin MR, Kipmen D, Yalçin O et al. Exercise-induced oxidative stress affects erythrocytes in sedentary rats but not exercise-trained rats. J Appl Physiol. 2001;91:1999-2004.
• Xianchu L, Ming L, Xiangbin L, Lan Z. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract supplementation affects exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue in mice. Food Nutr Res. 2018;62:1-7.
• Chen Y, Wang J, Jing Z, Ordovas JM, Wang J, Shen L. Anti-fatigue and anti-oxidant effects of curcumin supplementation in exhaustive swimming mice via nrf2/keap1 signal pathway. Curr Res Food Sci. 2022;5:1148-57.

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