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Baca Kelimesi ve Erzurum’da Baca/Dam Üstü Kültürü Üzerine Bir Araştırma Skip to content Yıl 2024, Sayı: 21, 126 – 146, 10.06.2024
Bünyamin Dönmez
https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1472887
Öz Tarihin her döneminde, konut mimarisi ile bireylerin yaşama biçimleri ve kültür düzeyleri arasında sıkı bir ilişki olmuştur. Yerleşim alanları ve konutların sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik özelliklerinin; çevre, iklim veya fiziksel faktörlerden oldukça etkilendiği gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, baca kelimesinin anlamlarını ayrıntılı bir şekilde izah etmek ve günümüzde niteliğini kaybetmiş fakat belli bir dönem için Erzurum’un yaşam kültürüne renk katan baca (dam üstü) adını verdiğimiz mekânların karakterini ve kültüre olan yansımalarını değerlendirmektir. Erzurum, coğrafyası, tarihi ve kültürel zenginliği ile kendisinden hep bahsettirmiş önemli bir şehirdir. Erzurum bacaları üzerine kapsamlı bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu araştırmada, eski Erzurum evlerinin kısa bir tanıtımı yapılmış, baca kelimesinin anlamları üzerinde durulmuş ve bir dönem Erzurum’un sosyal ve kültürel yaşamına katkıda bulunmuş ve zaman zaman türkülere de konu olmuş olan bacaların işlevleri anlatılmıştır. Kültürel birikimlerle biçimlenmiş ve o günün koşullarına göre yaşanmış bu tür kültürel faaliyetlerin gelecek nesillere aktarılması büyük önem arz etmektedir. Ayrıca, böyle bir çalışmanın, Anadolu’nun farklı bölgelerinde de kısmen görülen dam üstü kültürüne ait araştırmaların yapılmasına katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler baca kelimesi, baca türleri, eski Erzurum konutları, Erzurum bacaları, sosyal yaşam
Teşekkür Çalışmanın dil kontrolünde ve yönlendirilmesinde katkı sunan Prof. Dr. Lokman Turan ve Dr. Zerrin Köşklü’ye teşekkür ederim.
Kaynakça Altıparmak, Oğuz ve Akgün, Muammer (2019). “Endüstriyel Bacalar ve Saha Uygulamaları”. 14. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi (İzmir, 17-20 Nisan 2019). İzmir: 1582-1595. Bacak, Fatma Nur & Yaldız, Esra (2023). “Akseki İlçesi Emiraşıklar Mahallesi Geleneksel Konut Mimarisi Tescilli Yapıları Üzerine Bir Çalışma”. Konya Sanat, 6: 1-24. Bertram, Carel (2008). Imagining the Turkish House Collective Visions of Home. Austin: University of Texas Press. Efe, Kürşat (2019). “Tarihî ve Çağdaş Türk Lehçelerinde ‘Bark, Ev, Dam, Yurt’ Kelimelerinin Kullanım Alanları”. International Journal of Languages' Education and Teaching, 5(3): 399-421. Göğebakan, Yüksel (2015). “Karakteristik Bir Değer Olan Geleneksel Türk Evi’nin Oluşumunu Belirleyen Unsurlar ve Bu Evlerin Genel Özellikleri”. İnönü Üniversitesi Kültür ve Sanat Dergisi, 1(1): 41-55. Gök, Yaşar & Kayserili, Alperen (2013). “Geleneksel Erzurum Evlerinin Kültürel Coğrafya Perspektifinden İncelenmesi”. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 18 (30): 175-216. Gök, Yaşar vd. (2007) “Aşkale Depremleri ve Etkileri”. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 17: 161-184. Güzel, Erdal (2015). Güzel Erzurum. İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları. Karpuz, Haşim (1984). Türk İslam Mesken Mimarisinde Erzurum Evleri. Ankara: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayınları. Kırbaş, Berrak & Hızlı, Neslihan (2016). “Learning from Vernacular Architecture: Ecological Solutions in Traditional Erzurum Houses”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216: 788-799. Kukaracı, İshak Umut (2001). Günümüz Erzurum Evinde Geleneksel Unsurların Kullanımına Yönelik Bir Sentez Çalışması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Muşkara, Üftade (2017). “Kırsal Ölçekte Geleneksel Konut Mimarisinin Korunması: Özgünlük”. Selçuk Ü. Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 37: 437-448. Nişanyan, Sevan (2018). Nişanyan Sözlük: Çağdaş Türkçenin Etimolojisi. İstanbul: Liber Plus Yayınları. Özdemir, İlker (2003) Yapı Elemanları Ders Notları. Eskişehir: Osmangazi Üniversitesi Teknoloji Eğitim Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi. Philokyprou, Maria (2011). “Teaching Conservation and Vernacular Architecture”. Journal of Architectural Conservation, 17(2): 7–24. Soylu, Hasbi (2000). “Köprüköy’ün Tarihi Gelişimi ve Mesken Tipleri”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14: 187-211. Subramanian, Navaneethan & Madejski, Pawel (2023). “Analysis of CO2 Capture Process from Flue-Gases in Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Using Post-Combustion Capture Technology”. Energy, 282: 1-16. Şimşek Tolacı, Seda & Karagöz, Mehmet Ali (2020). “Endüstri Mirası Onarım Önerisi: Isparta/Yalvaç Birlik ve Fil Tuğla-Kiremit Fabrika Bacaları”. Akdeniz Sanat, 14(25): 45-70. TDK (1965). Türkiye’de Halk Ağzından Derleme Sözlüğü 2. Ankara: TDK. Tozlu, Selahattin & Küçükuğurlu, Murat (2002). “Erzurum Evleri (Tarihi Kayıt ve Şahitlere Göre)”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20: 313-329. Tuğaç, Çiğdem (2021). “Tarihsel Gelişim Süreci İçinde Anadolu’daki Yerleşimler ve Konut Tipolojileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Mimarlık ve Yaşam, 6(1): 223-248. URL-1: http://aktifdogalgaz.com.tr/tag/baca-havalandirma-sistemleri (Erişim: 18.02.2024). URL-2: http//demsabacasistemleri.com/endustriyel-baca-sistemleri.php (Erişim: 20.02.2024). URL-3: https://gazete.firat.edu.tr/tastan-cikarilan-ekmek-logculuk.html (Erişim: 26.01.2024). URL-4: https://erzurumportali.com/shf/3180/Erzurum-Kalesi-Ve-Cevresi-10-Nostaljik-Resim (Erişim: 02.03.2024). URL-5: https://houshamadyan.org/tur/haritalar/erzurum-vilayeti.html (Erişim: 02.03.2024). URL-6: https://finansgundem.com/foto-galeri/iste-il-il-eski-turkiye-fotograflari-galeri/1301766/74 (Erişim: 02.03.2024). URL-7: https://www.eskiturkiye.net/779/erzurum (Erişim: 10.03.2024). URL-8: http://erzurummedya.com/foto-galeri/erzurumun-eski-fotograflari-45 (Erişim: 18.01.1024). URL-9: https://facebook.com/gazimahallesi38/photos/a.1015235326779-748/10156946571298748/type=3&locale=zh_CN (Erişim: 18.01.2024). URL-10: https://erzurumportali.com/shf/6513/Erzurumda-Soguk-Kis-Gecelerinin-Vazgecilmezi-Tel-Helvasi (Erişim: 11.01.2024). URL-11: https://malatyasoz.com/makale/16776189/kemal-deniz/malatyada-dam-ustu-kulturu-1 (Erişim: 22.03.2024). URL-12: https://malatyasoz.com/makale/16782209/kemal-deniz/malatyada-dam-ustu-kulturu-2 (Erişim: 22.03.2024). URL-13: https://www.repertukul.com/TurkuSozleri (Erişim: 12.01.2024). Yalman, Emine Nurcan (2005). Çağdaş Köylerde Yapılan Yerleşim Mantığı Çalışmalarının Arkeolojik Yerleşmelerin Yorumuna Katkısı. Doktora Tezi. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Yıldırım, Fatma (2019). Yaş Baca Gazı Desülfürizasyonunda Mazıdağı Fosfat Cevher Boyutunun Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimler Enstitüsü. Yılmaz, Âdem & Durman, Mustafa (2015). “25.Türkiye’de Doğalgaz Kullanımı ve Kalkınmanın Mekânsal Analizi”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 43: 233-252 Yılmaz, Alparslan (2011). Bilinmeyen Erzurum. Erzurum: Zafer Form Ofset. Yılmaz, Didem Güneş (2013). “Stone Masonry Walls and Woodworks as Architectural Heritages in Rural Areas of the Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey: Case Studies from Erzurum, Kars and Ardahan”. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 131: 51-60.
A Research on the Word Chimney and Chimney/Rooftop Culture in Erzurum Yıl 2024, Sayı: 21, 126 – 146, 10.06.2024
Bünyamin Dönmez
https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1472887
Öz In every period of history, there has been a close relationship between residential architecture and individuals’ lifestyles and cultural levels. Social, cultural and economic characteristics of residential areas and houses; It has been observed that it is highly affected by environment, climate or physical factors. The aim of this study is to explain the meanings of the word chimney in detail and to evaluate the character and cultural reflections of the places we call chimney (rooftop), which have lost their quality today but added color to the life culture of Erzurum for a certain period. Erzurum is an important city that has always made a name for itself with its geography, history and cultural richness. No comprehensive study has been found on Erzurum chimneys. In this research, a brief introduction of old Erzurum houses was made, the meanings of the word chimney were emphasized, and the functions of chimneys, which contributed to the social and cultural life of Erzurum for a period and were the subject of folk songs from time to time, were explained. It is of great importance to transfer such cultural activities, which were shaped by cultural accumulation and experienced according to the conditions of that day, to future generations. In addition, it is thought that such a study will contribute to research on the roof top culture, which is partially seen in different regions of Anatolia.
Anahtar Kelimeler word chimney, chimney types, old Erzurum houses, Erzurum chimneys, social life
Teşekkür I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Lokman Turan and Dr. Zerrin Köşklü for their contribution to the language control and guidance of the study.
Kaynakça Altıparmak, Oğuz ve Akgün, Muammer (2019). “Endüstriyel Bacalar ve Saha Uygulamaları”. 14. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi (İzmir, 17-20 Nisan 2019). İzmir: 1582-1595. Bacak, Fatma Nur & Yaldız, Esra (2023). “Akseki İlçesi Emiraşıklar Mahallesi Geleneksel Konut Mimarisi Tescilli Yapıları Üzerine Bir Çalışma”. Konya Sanat, 6: 1-24. Bertram, Carel (2008). Imagining the Turkish House Collective Visions of Home. Austin: University of Texas Press. Efe, Kürşat (2019). “Tarihî ve Çağdaş Türk Lehçelerinde ‘Bark, Ev, Dam, Yurt’ Kelimelerinin Kullanım Alanları”. International Journal of Languages' Education and Teaching, 5(3): 399-421. Göğebakan, Yüksel (2015). “Karakteristik Bir Değer Olan Geleneksel Türk Evi’nin Oluşumunu Belirleyen Unsurlar ve Bu Evlerin Genel Özellikleri”. İnönü Üniversitesi Kültür ve Sanat Dergisi, 1(1): 41-55. Gök, Yaşar & Kayserili, Alperen (2013). “Geleneksel Erzurum Evlerinin Kültürel Coğrafya Perspektifinden İncelenmesi”. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 18 (30): 175-216. Gök, Yaşar vd. (2007) “Aşkale Depremleri ve Etkileri”. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 17: 161-184. Güzel, Erdal (2015). Güzel Erzurum. İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları. Karpuz, Haşim (1984). Türk İslam Mesken Mimarisinde Erzurum Evleri. Ankara: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayınları. Kırbaş, Berrak & Hızlı, Neslihan (2016). “Learning from Vernacular Architecture: Ecological Solutions in Traditional Erzurum Houses”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216: 788-799. Kukaracı, İshak Umut (2001). Günümüz Erzurum Evinde Geleneksel Unsurların Kullanımına Yönelik Bir Sentez Çalışması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Muşkara, Üftade (2017). “Kırsal Ölçekte Geleneksel Konut Mimarisinin Korunması: Özgünlük”. Selçuk Ü. Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 37: 437-448. Nişanyan, Sevan (2018). Nişanyan Sözlük: Çağdaş Türkçenin Etimolojisi. İstanbul: Liber Plus Yayınları. Özdemir, İlker (2003) Yapı Elemanları Ders Notları. Eskişehir: Osmangazi Üniversitesi Teknoloji Eğitim Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi. Philokyprou, Maria (2011). “Teaching Conservation and Vernacular Architecture”. Journal of Architectural Conservation, 17(2): 7–24. Soylu, Hasbi (2000). “Köprüköy’ün Tarihi Gelişimi ve Mesken Tipleri”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14: 187-211. Subramanian, Navaneethan & Madejski, Pawel (2023). “Analysis of CO2 Capture Process from Flue-Gases in Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Using Post-Combustion Capture Technology”. Energy, 282: 1-16. Şimşek Tolacı, Seda & Karagöz, Mehmet Ali (2020). “Endüstri Mirası Onarım Önerisi: Isparta/Yalvaç Birlik ve Fil Tuğla-Kiremit Fabrika Bacaları”. Akdeniz Sanat, 14(25): 45-70. TDK (1965). Türkiye’de Halk Ağzından Derleme Sözlüğü 2. Ankara: TDK. Tozlu, Selahattin & Küçükuğurlu, Murat (2002). “Erzurum Evleri (Tarihi Kayıt ve Şahitlere Göre)”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20: 313-329. Tuğaç, Çiğdem (2021). “Tarihsel Gelişim Süreci İçinde Anadolu’daki Yerleşimler ve Konut Tipolojileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Mimarlık ve Yaşam, 6(1): 223-248. URL-1: http://aktifdogalgaz.com.tr/tag/baca-havalandirma-sistemleri (Erişim: 18.02.2024). URL-2: http//demsabacasistemleri.com/endustriyel-baca-sistemleri.php (Erişim: 20.02.2024). URL-3: https://gazete.firat.edu.tr/tastan-cikarilan-ekmek-logculuk.html (Erişim: 26.01.2024). URL-4: https://erzurumportali.com/shf/3180/Erzurum-Kalesi-Ve-Cevresi-10-Nostaljik-Resim (Erişim: 02.03.2024). URL-5: https://houshamadyan.org/tur/haritalar/erzurum-vilayeti.html (Erişim: 02.03.2024). URL-6: https://finansgundem.com/foto-galeri/iste-il-il-eski-turkiye-fotograflari-galeri/1301766/74 (Erişim: 02.03.2024). URL-7: https://www.eskiturkiye.net/779/erzurum (Erişim: 10.03.2024). URL-8: http://erzurummedya.com/foto-galeri/erzurumun-eski-fotograflari-45 (Erişim: 18.01.1024). URL-9: https://facebook.com/gazimahallesi38/photos/a.1015235326779-748/10156946571298748/type=3&locale=zh_CN (Erişim: 18.01.2024). URL-10: https://erzurumportali.com/shf/6513/Erzurumda-Soguk-Kis-Gecelerinin-Vazgecilmezi-Tel-Helvasi (Erişim: 11.01.2024). URL-11: https://malatyasoz.com/makale/16776189/kemal-deniz/malatyada-dam-ustu-kulturu-1 (Erişim: 22.03.2024). URL-12: https://malatyasoz.com/makale/16782209/kemal-deniz/malatyada-dam-ustu-kulturu-2 (Erişim: 22.03.2024). URL-13: https://www.repertukul.com/TurkuSozleri (Erişim: 12.01.2024). Yalman, Emine Nurcan (2005). Çağdaş Köylerde Yapılan Yerleşim Mantığı Çalışmalarının Arkeolojik Yerleşmelerin Yorumuna Katkısı. Doktora Tezi. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Yıldırım, Fatma (2019). Yaş Baca Gazı Desülfürizasyonunda Mazıdağı Fosfat Cevher Boyutunun Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimler Enstitüsü. Yılmaz, Âdem & Durman, Mustafa (2015). “25.Türkiye’de Doğalgaz Kullanımı ve Kalkınmanın Mekânsal Analizi”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 43: 233-252 Yılmaz, Alparslan (2011). Bilinmeyen Erzurum. Erzurum: Zafer Form Ofset. Yılmaz, Didem Güneş (2013). “Stone Masonry Walls and Woodworks as Architectural Heritages in Rural Areas of the Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey: Case Studies from Erzurum, Kars and Ardahan”. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 131: 51-60. Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Türkiye Sahası Türk Halk Bilimi Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri Yazarlar Bünyamin Dönmez ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0002-7680-0755 Türkiye
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 5 Haziran 2024 Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Nisan 2024 Kabul Tarihi 26 Mayıs 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 21
Kaynak Göster APA Dönmez, B. (2024). Baca Kelimesi ve Erzurum’da Baca/Dam Üstü Kültürü Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi (21 ), 126-146. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1472887 AMA Dönmez B. Baca Kelimesi ve Erzurum’da Baca/Dam Üstü Kültürü Üzerine Bir Araştırma. KAD. Haziran 2024;(21):126-146. doi:10.46250/kulturder.1472887 Chicago Dönmez, Bünyamin. “Baca Kelimesi Ve Erzurum’da Baca/Dam Üstü Kültürü Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 21 (Haziran 2024): 126-46. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1472887. EndNote Dönmez B (01 Haziran 2024) Baca Kelimesi ve Erzurum’da Baca/Dam Üstü Kültürü Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi 21 126–146. IEEE B. Dönmez, “Baca Kelimesi ve Erzurum’da Baca/Dam Üstü Kültürü Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, KAD , sy. 21, ss. 126–146, Haziran 2024, doi: 10.46250/kulturder.1472887. ISNAD Dönmez, Bünyamin. “Baca Kelimesi Ve Erzurum’da Baca/Dam Üstü Kültürü Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi 21 (Haziran 2024), 126-146. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1472887. JAMA Dönmez B. Baca Kelimesi ve Erzurum’da Baca/Dam Üstü Kültürü Üzerine Bir Araştırma. KAD . 2024;:126–146. MLA Dönmez, Bünyamin. “Baca Kelimesi Ve Erzurum’da Baca/Dam Üstü Kültürü Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 21, 2024, ss. 126-4, doi:10.46250/kulturder.1472887. Vancouver Dönmez B. Baca Kelimesi ve Erzurum’da Baca/Dam Üstü Kültürü Üzerine Bir Araştırma. KAD. 2024(21):126-4.
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