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Selçuklularda Engellilerin Devlet ve Toplumdaki Yeri Skip to content Yıl 2023, Sayı: 18, 115 – 146, 23.06.2023
Yasemin Aktaş
https://doi.org/10.23897/usad.1319105
Öz Bireylerin fiziksel ve zihinsel yetersizliğini ifade eden engellilik hâli tarih boyunca tüm toplumlarda karşılaşılan bir durumdur. Selçuklularda da engellilerin varlığı bilinmekle birlikte bu insanlardan devlet ve toplum hayatının her alanına dâhil edilenler olmuştur. Selçuklu sultanları sağlık sorunlarını çözmek amacıyla hastaneler inşa etmiş ve tıbbî çalışmaları desteklemişlerdir. Ayrıca sosyal yardımlaşmayı sağlamak için vakıflar kurmuş ve hankâhlar inşa etmişlerdir. İhtiyaç sahibi insanlar da buralardan faydalanabilmişlerdir. Selçuklu Türkiyesi’nde Ahîlik Kurumu da kendi bünyesinde Orta Sandığı yapılanmasıyla engelli bireylerin yanında yer almıştır. Bununla birlikte sosyal hayat içerisinde himaye edilen engelli bireylerin, idarî ve siyasî yapılanma içerisinde yer almasına da imkân tanınmış, bedensel engellilik liderlik ve komutanlık yapılmasında yetersizlik olarak görülmemiştir. Bu insanlardan engeliyle isimlendirilen Çolak Bâzdâr ile Topal Fahreddin Ali gibi devlet adamları askerî faaliyetlere yön vermişlerdir. Selçuklu devletlerinde engelli bireylerle kültürel hayat içerisinde de karşılaşılmaktadır. Büyük Selçuklu Devleti’nden itibaren engelli âlimlerin yetiştiği görülmekle birlikte Türkiye Selçukluları devrinde kaleme alınan eserlerde de bedensel engellilik konusunda nakiller bulunmaktadır. Engelli bireyler, Selçuklu devletlerinde ötekileştirilmeden daima himaye edilmenin yanında siyasî ve askerî faaliyetlerin içerisinde yer alabilmiş, sosyal ve kültürel hadiselerde de varlıklarını gösterebilmişlerdir.
Anahtar Kelimeler Selçuklular, Engellilik, Toplum, Sosyal Devlet, Bedensel, Orta Sandığı, Bîmâristân
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The Place of the People with Disabilities in the State and Society in the Seljuks Yıl 2023, Sayı: 18, 115 – 146, 23.06.2023
Yasemin Aktaş
https://doi.org/10.23897/usad.1319105
Öz Disability, a condition limiting a person’s physical and mental activities, has been encountered in all societies throughout history. People with disabilities were a known fact in Seljuks; some were included in every part aspect of state and social life. Seljuk Sultans constructed hospitals and supported medical practices to resolve the health problems in society. They also established foundations and built hospices to maintain social solidarity. And needy people were able to benefit from these institutions. In Anatolian Seljuk, the Ahi-order Institution also supported people with disabilities within its own organization by establishing the Orta Sandığı (Charity Funds). Furthermore, people with disabilities, protected within the social life, were given the opportunity to participate in administrative and political structure, and physical disability was not considered an inadequacy for leadership or commanding positions. State officials with disabilities, such as Çolak (One-armed) Bâzdâr and Topal (Lame) Fahreddin Ali, who were named after their disabilities, directed military activities. People with disabilities could be seen in the cultural life in Seljuk states. It is seen that disabled scholars were trained starting from the Great Seljuk Empire, and references to physical disabilities can also be found in the works written during the era of the Anatolian Seljuk Empire. In the Seljuk states, people with disabilities were always protected without being marginalized and were able to participate in political and military activities, as well as demonstrate their presence in social and cultural events.
Anahtar Kelimeler Seljuks, Disability, Society, Social State, Physical, Charity Funds, Bimaristan
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Ankara: TTK Yay. Zemahşerî. (2016). el-Keşşâf, Keşşâf Tefsiri. (C. I). (Coşkun, M., Çelik, Ö., Çağıl, N. & Bebek, A. Çev.). İstanbul: Türkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu Başkanlığı Yay. (1944). Süryani Patrik Mihail Vekainâmesi (1042-1195). (Andreasyan, H. D. Trc.). (2000). Urfalı Mateos Vekayi-nâmesi, (952-1136) ve Papaz Grigor Zeyli (1136-1162). (Andreasyan, H. D. Çev.). (Dulaurer, E. & Yınanç, M. H. Not.). Ankara: TTK Yay. (2010). Timur’un Günlüğü -Tüzükât-ı Timur-. (Şakirov, K. & Aslan, A. Haz.). İstanbul: İnsan Yay. Toplam 125 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Selçuklu Tarihi Bölüm Makaleler Yazarlar Yasemin Aktaş BAYBURT ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0002-0808-8874 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Haziran 2023 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 18
Kaynak Göster APA Aktaş, Y. (2023). Selçuklularda Engellilerin Devlet ve Toplumdaki Yeri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi (18 ), 115-146. https://doi.org/10.23897/usad.1319105 AMA Aktaş Y. Selçuklularda Engellilerin Devlet ve Toplumdaki Yeri. usad. Haziran 2023;(18):115-146. doi:10.23897/usad.1319105 Chicago Aktaş, Yasemin. “Selçuklularda Engellilerin Devlet Ve Toplumdaki Yeri”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 18 (Haziran 2023): 115-46. https://doi.org/10.23897/usad.1319105. EndNote Aktaş Y (01 Haziran 2023) Selçuklularda Engellilerin Devlet ve Toplumdaki Yeri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi 18 115–146. IEEE Y. Aktaş, “Selçuklularda Engellilerin Devlet ve Toplumdaki Yeri”, usad , sy. 18, ss. 115–146, Haziran 2023, doi: 10.23897/usad.1319105. ISNAD Aktaş, Yasemin. “Selçuklularda Engellilerin Devlet Ve Toplumdaki Yeri”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi 18 (Haziran 2023), 115-146. https://doi.org/10.23897/usad.1319105. JAMA Aktaş Y. Selçuklularda Engellilerin Devlet ve Toplumdaki Yeri. usad . 2023;:115–146. MLA Aktaş, Yasemin. “Selçuklularda Engellilerin Devlet Ve Toplumdaki Yeri”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 18, 2023, ss. 115-46, doi:10.23897/usad.1319105. Vancouver Aktaş Y. Selçuklularda Engellilerin Devlet ve Toplumdaki Yeri. usad. 2023(18):115-46.
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