DISCURSIVE PRACTICES USED FOR MANAGING CONFLICT IN TRAVEL MEMOIRS

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 355 – 363, 30.06.2024

Defne Erdem Mete

https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1484146

Öz

Travel writing about intercultural interactions sheds light on the conflict faced by the author in a foreign environment. The conflict caused by differences of cultures and unfamiliar ways of living is a recurring issue which the authors who produced works on travel writing deal with, experience and reflect on. In narratives, the use of specific discursive practices appear to function for especially managing such kinds of conflict. This paper focuses on using subversive humour and pathos in the travel memoir extracts of four Turkish women authors published in the memoir collection titled Three Centuries of Travel Writing by Muslim Women (Lambert-Hurley et al, 2022). An evaluation of the intercultural encounters reflected by the four Turkish authors reveals that humour and pathos are often used together not only as literary devices but also as discursive practices for managing conflict. These practices of managing conflict are both used in challenging communication incidents with members of a foreign culture and as a criticism device in reflections on certain social occasions. The paper presents examples of the use of humour and pathos for managing conflict under the themes of reflections on female identity, facing disappointment and appreciation of experiencing a new culture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Conflict, discursive practice, subversive humour, pathos, travel writing

Kaynakça

• Bloor, M. & Bloor, T. (2007). The Practice of Critical Discourse Analysis: An Introduction. Hodder Education. Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
• Burke, K. (1969). A rhetoric of motives. University of California Press.
• Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: the critical study of language. Longman.
• Fisher-Yoshida, B. (2005). Reframing Conflict: Intercultural Conflict as Potential Transformation. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 8, 1-15.
• Higgins, C., & Walker, R. (2012). Ethos, logos, pathos: Strategies of persuasion in social/environmental reports. Accounting Forum, 36, 194-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2012.02.003
• Ho, V. (2016). Discourse of persuasion: a preliminary study of the use of metadiscourse in policy documents. Text & Talk, 36 (1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2016-0001
• Holmes, J. (2000). Politeness, Power and Provocation: How Humour Functions in the Workplace. Discourse Studies, 2 (2), 159-185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445600002002
• Holmes, J., & Marra, M. (2002). Having a laugh at work: How humour contributes to workplace culture. Journal of Pragmatics, 34 (12), 1683-1710. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378- 2166(02)00032-2
• Huber, G. (2022). Putting humour to work: To make sense of and constitute organizations. International Journal of Management Reviews, 24, 535-554. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12292
• Jurtikova, M. (2013). Conflicts between students as interculturally incompetent behaviour. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 106, 696-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.080
• Lambert-Hurley, S., Majchrowicz, D., & Sharma, S. (Eds.) (2022). Three Centuries of Travel Writing by Muslim Women. Indiana University Press.
• Mete, B. (2023). The questions of artistic detachment and tranquil recollection in Iris Murdoch’s The sea, the sea. Litera: Journal of language, literature and culture studies, 33 (2), 353-372. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2023-1290532
• Moorthy, D., & Ghosal, M. (2017). A Study on a Rhetorical Approach to Effective Communication to Resolve Conflicts at Industries. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 3 (2), 2356-2369. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2017.32.23562369
• Mshvenieradze, T. (2013). Logos Ethos and Pathos in Political Discourse. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3 (11), 1939-1945. https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.11.1939-1945
• Schnurr, S., & Rowe, C. (2008). The “Dark Side” of Humour. An Analysis of Subversive Humour in Workplace Emails. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics / Special Issue on Humour, 4 (1), 109-130. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10016-008-0010-6
• Smith, W. J., Harrington, K. V., & Neck, C. P. (2000). Resolving conflict with humour in a diversity context. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15 (6), 606–625. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940010346743
• Ting-Toomey, S. (2009). Intercultural conflict competence as a facet of intercultural competence development. The Sage Handbook of Intercultural Competence. D. K. Deardorff (Ed.). pp. 100-120. Sage Publications.
• Tracy, K. (2002). Everyday Talk: Building and Reflecting Identities. The Guilford Press.
• Wang, X. (2016). Appeals to Ethos and Pathos in Post-Crisis Communication: A Case Study of Press Conferences Handling Tianjin Blasts. International Journal of English Linguistics, 6 (1), 100-109. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n1p100

GEZİ ANILARINDA ÇATIŞMA YÖNETİMİ İÇİN KULLANILAN SÖYLEMSEL UYGULAMALAR

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 355 – 363, 30.06.2024

Defne Erdem Mete

https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1484146

Öz

Kültürlerarası etkileşimleri konu alan gezi yazıları, yazarın yabancı bir ortamda karşılaştığı çatışmaya ışık tutmaktadır. Kültür farklılıklarının ve alışılmamış yaşam tarzlarının yol açtığı çatışma, gezi yazını alanında eserler veren yazarların ele aldığı, deneyimlediği ve üzerinde düşündüğü, yinelenen bir konudur. Anlatılarda, özellikle bu tür çatışmaların yönetilmesi ile ilgili belirli söylemsel uygulamaların işlev gördüğü görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, Three Centuries of Travel Writing by Muslim Women (Lambert Hurley et al., 2022) adlı eserde gezi anıları yayınlanan dört Türk yazarın anlatılarındaki yıkıcı mizah ve duygulandırma kullanımını ele almıştır. Türk yazarların aktardığı kültürlerarası karşılaşmalara ilişkin bir değerlendirme, mizah ve duygulandırmanın yalnızca edebi araçlar olarak değil, aynı zamanda kültürlerarası çatışmayı yönetmeye yönelik söylemsel uygulamalar olarak sıklıkla birlikte kullanıldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çatışma yönetimi uygulamaları hem yabancı bir kültürün mensuplarıyla olan zorlayıcı etkileşimlerde, hem de belirli sosyal olaylarla ilgili bir eleştiri aracı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmada, çatışmayı yönetmek için mizah ve duygulandırma kullanımına dair örnekler kadın kimliği üzerine düşünceler, hayal kırıklığı ile yüzleşme ve yeni bir kültürü deneyimleme zevki temaları altında sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çatışma, söylemsel uygulama, yıkıcı mizah, duygulandırma, gezi yazısı

Kaynakça

• Bloor, M. & Bloor, T. (2007). The Practice of Critical Discourse Analysis: An Introduction. Hodder Education. Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
• Burke, K. (1969). A rhetoric of motives. University of California Press.
• Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: the critical study of language. Longman.
• Fisher-Yoshida, B. (2005). Reframing Conflict: Intercultural Conflict as Potential Transformation. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 8, 1-15.
• Higgins, C., & Walker, R. (2012). Ethos, logos, pathos: Strategies of persuasion in social/environmental reports. Accounting Forum, 36, 194-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2012.02.003
• Ho, V. (2016). Discourse of persuasion: a preliminary study of the use of metadiscourse in policy documents. Text & Talk, 36 (1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2016-0001
• Holmes, J. (2000). Politeness, Power and Provocation: How Humour Functions in the Workplace. Discourse Studies, 2 (2), 159-185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445600002002
• Holmes, J., & Marra, M. (2002). Having a laugh at work: How humour contributes to workplace culture. Journal of Pragmatics, 34 (12), 1683-1710. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378- 2166(02)00032-2
• Huber, G. (2022). Putting humour to work: To make sense of and constitute organizations. International Journal of Management Reviews, 24, 535-554. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12292
• Jurtikova, M. (2013). Conflicts between students as interculturally incompetent behaviour. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 106, 696-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.080
• Lambert-Hurley, S., Majchrowicz, D., & Sharma, S. (Eds.) (2022). Three Centuries of Travel Writing by Muslim Women. Indiana University Press.
• Mete, B. (2023). The questions of artistic detachment and tranquil recollection in Iris Murdoch’s The sea, the sea. Litera: Journal of language, literature and culture studies, 33 (2), 353-372. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2023-1290532
• Moorthy, D., & Ghosal, M. (2017). A Study on a Rhetorical Approach to Effective Communication to Resolve Conflicts at Industries. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 3 (2), 2356-2369. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2017.32.23562369
• Mshvenieradze, T. (2013). Logos Ethos and Pathos in Political Discourse. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3 (11), 1939-1945. https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.11.1939-1945
• Schnurr, S., & Rowe, C. (2008). The “Dark Side” of Humour. An Analysis of Subversive Humour in Workplace Emails. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics / Special Issue on Humour, 4 (1), 109-130. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10016-008-0010-6
• Smith, W. J., Harrington, K. V., & Neck, C. P. (2000). Resolving conflict with humour in a diversity context. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15 (6), 606–625. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940010346743
• Ting-Toomey, S. (2009). Intercultural conflict competence as a facet of intercultural competence development. The Sage Handbook of Intercultural Competence. D. K. Deardorff (Ed.). pp. 100-120. Sage Publications.
• Tracy, K. (2002). Everyday Talk: Building and Reflecting Identities. The Guilford Press.
• Wang, X. (2016). Appeals to Ethos and Pathos in Post-Crisis Communication: A Case Study of Press Conferences Handling Tianjin Blasts. International Journal of English Linguistics, 6 (1), 100-109. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n1p100

Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Kaynak Göster

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