Qiu Jin’in Eserlerinde Çin Kadını ve Liberal Feminist Düşüncenin İzleri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 303 – 321, 30.06.2024

Aylin Yılmaz Şaşmaz

https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1475339

Öz

Avrupa’da temelleri 18. yüzyıl sonlarında atılan ve kadın-erkek haklarında, ilişkisinde güç dengesini savunan, kadının eğitim hakkı gibi konulara giren liberal feminizmin, Çin topraklarındaki ilk filizlenmesinin de devrim seslerinin yükseldiği 20. yüzyılda olduğu söylenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Çin’in ilk kadın feministlerinden sayılan Qiu Jin’in hayatı ve kaleme aldıkları üzerinden, yazarın liberal bir feminist olarak sınıflandırılıp sınıflandırılamayacağını; Qing Hanedanı son döneminde Çinli kadınların toplum içindeki yerlerinin ne olduğunu incelemektir. Amaç doğrultusunda, doküman analizi yöntemiyle, hakkında yapılmış araştırmalar CNKI ve Google Scholar gibi veri tabanlarında taranmış; tüm eserlerinin bulunduğu “Qiu Jin Koleksiyonu (秋瑾集, 1979)” yapılacak olan çeviriler için birincil kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, kadınların ataerkil toplum yapısı içinde ezilmiş; erkeklere bağımlı, eğitim ve diğer kamusal haklardan yoksun bırakılmış objeler olarak anlatıldıkları; Qiu Jin’in eserlerinin, kadınların maruz kaldığı toplumsal baskıları ve eşitsizlikleri vurgulayan güçlü bir eleştiri ve perspektif sunduğu; Qiu Jin’in kadın haklarına bakış açısının liberal feminizme yakın olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Qiu Jin, liberal feminizm, Çin kadını, cinsiyet eşitliği

Kaynakça

• Altınbaş, D. (2006). Feminist tartışmalarda liberal feminizm. Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, (9), 21-52.
• Donovan, J. (2009). Feminist teori: Amerikan feminizminin entelektüel gelenekleri. (A. Bora, Çev.). İletişim Yayınları.
• Edwards, L., & Zhou, L. (2011). Gender and the “virtue of violence”: Creating a new vision of political engagement through the 1911 revolution. Frontiers of History in China, (6), 485-504. DOI: 10.1007/s11462-011-0138-8
• Elman, B. A. (2004). Naval warfare and the refraction of China's self-strengthening reforms into scientific and technological failure, 1865-1895. Modern Asian Studies, 38 (2), 283-326. DOI: 10.1017/s0026749x04001088
• Fan, H. (1997). Footbinding, feminism, and freedom: The liberation of women's bodies in modern China. Frank Cass.
• Fincher, L. H. (2023). Leftover women: The resurgence of gender inequality in China. Bloomsbury Publishing.
• Giles, L. (1913). The life of Ch'iu Chin. T'oung Pao, 14 (2), 211-226. DOI: 10.2307/4526334
• Guo, Y. (1990). Xu Zihua nesir ve nazım koleksiyonu (Xúzìhuá shī wénjí). Zhonghua Shuju.
• Harrison, H. (1998). Martyrs and militarism in early Republican China. Twentieth-Century China, 23 (2), 41-70. DOI: 10.1179/tcc.1998.23.2.41
• Hershatter, G. (2019). Women and China's revolutions. Rowman and Littlefield.
• Hong, F. & Mangan, J. A. (2001). A martyr for modernity: Qui Jin – feminist, warrior and revolutionary. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 18 (1), 27-54. DOI: 10.1080/714001489
• Idema, W. L. & Grant, B. (2004). The beheaded feminist: Qiu Jin. In The Red Brush ( pp. 765-808). Harvard University Press. DOI: 10.1163/9781684173945_022
• Idema, W. L. & Grant, B. (2020). The red brush: Writing women of imperial China. Brill.
• Kucharski, J. (2016). Qiu Jin: An exemplar of Chinese feminism, revolution, and nationalism at the end of the Qing Dynasty. New Views on Gender, 17, 94-109.
• Mungello, D. E. (2008). Drowning girls in China: Female infanticide in China since 1650. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
• Porath, J. (2016). Rejected princesses: Tales of history's boldest heroines, hellions, and heretics. Dey Street Press.
• Qi Fu'nun on yılı-Si Gan (Qi Fu zhi shen-Si Gan). (tarih yok). Shijing içinde (s. 1-9). Erişim adresi: https://ctext.org/book-of-poetry/decade-of-qi-fu
• Qiu, J. (1979). Qiu Jin koleksiyonu (Qiu Jin ji; 4. basım). Shànghǎi gǔjí chūbǎn shè.
• Yan, H. (2006). Chinese women writers and the feminist imagination, 1905-1948. Routledge.
• Ying, H. (2009). "How can a daughter glorify the family name?" filiality and women's rights in the late Qing. Nan nü, 11(2), 234-269. DOI: 10.1163/138768009×12586661923027
• Ying, H. (2011). Gender and modern martyrology. In J. Judge & Y. Hu (Eds.), Beyond exemplar tales: Women's biography in Chinese history (Cilt 1, s. 121-136). University of California Press.
• Ying, H. (2020). Burying autumn: Poetry, friendship, and loss. Harvard University Press.

Chinese Women and Traces of Liberal Feminist Thought in Qiu Jin's Works

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 303 – 321, 30.06.2024

Aylin Yılmaz Şaşmaz

https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1475339

Öz

It can be argued that liberal feminism, the foundations of which were laid in Europe at the end of the 18th century and which advocated a balance of power in the rights and relations between men and women and addressed issues such as women’s right to education, first sprouted in China in the 20th century, when the voices of the revolution have risen. This study aims to examine the place of Chinese women in society during the late Qing Dynasty through the life and writings of Qiu Jin, who is regarded as one of China’s first female feminists, and to reveal her feminist view. For this purpose, research on Qiu Jin was conducted in databases such as CNKI and Google Scholar via the document analysis method; the “Qiu Jin Collection (秋瑾集, 1979)”, which contains all works of Qiu Jin, was used as the primary source for the translations. Consequently, it was discovered that women are portrayed in the patriarchal social framework as objects of oppression; dependent on men, deprived of education, and other public rights. It can be said that Qiu Jin’s works offer strong criticism and perspective emphasizing the social pressures and inequalities that women are exposed to, and her perspective on women’s rights overlaps with liberal feminism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Qiu Jin, liberal feminism, Chinese women, gender equality

Kaynakça

• Altınbaş, D. (2006). Feminist tartışmalarda liberal feminizm. Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, (9), 21-52.
• Donovan, J. (2009). Feminist teori: Amerikan feminizminin entelektüel gelenekleri. (A. Bora, Çev.). İletişim Yayınları.
• Edwards, L., & Zhou, L. (2011). Gender and the “virtue of violence”: Creating a new vision of political engagement through the 1911 revolution. Frontiers of History in China, (6), 485-504. DOI: 10.1007/s11462-011-0138-8
• Elman, B. A. (2004). Naval warfare and the refraction of China's self-strengthening reforms into scientific and technological failure, 1865-1895. Modern Asian Studies, 38 (2), 283-326. DOI: 10.1017/s0026749x04001088
• Fan, H. (1997). Footbinding, feminism, and freedom: The liberation of women's bodies in modern China. Frank Cass.
• Fincher, L. H. (2023). Leftover women: The resurgence of gender inequality in China. Bloomsbury Publishing.
• Giles, L. (1913). The life of Ch'iu Chin. T'oung Pao, 14 (2), 211-226. DOI: 10.2307/4526334
• Guo, Y. (1990). Xu Zihua nesir ve nazım koleksiyonu (Xúzìhuá shī wénjí). Zhonghua Shuju.
• Harrison, H. (1998). Martyrs and militarism in early Republican China. Twentieth-Century China, 23 (2), 41-70. DOI: 10.1179/tcc.1998.23.2.41
• Hershatter, G. (2019). Women and China's revolutions. Rowman and Littlefield.
• Hong, F. & Mangan, J. A. (2001). A martyr for modernity: Qui Jin – feminist, warrior and revolutionary. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 18 (1), 27-54. DOI: 10.1080/714001489
• Idema, W. L. & Grant, B. (2004). The beheaded feminist: Qiu Jin. In The Red Brush ( pp. 765-808). Harvard University Press. DOI: 10.1163/9781684173945_022
• Idema, W. L. & Grant, B. (2020). The red brush: Writing women of imperial China. Brill.
• Kucharski, J. (2016). Qiu Jin: An exemplar of Chinese feminism, revolution, and nationalism at the end of the Qing Dynasty. New Views on Gender, 17, 94-109.
• Mungello, D. E. (2008). Drowning girls in China: Female infanticide in China since 1650. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
• Porath, J. (2016). Rejected princesses: Tales of history's boldest heroines, hellions, and heretics. Dey Street Press.
• Qi Fu'nun on yılı-Si Gan (Qi Fu zhi shen-Si Gan). (tarih yok). Shijing içinde (s. 1-9). Erişim adresi: https://ctext.org/book-of-poetry/decade-of-qi-fu
• Qiu, J. (1979). Qiu Jin koleksiyonu (Qiu Jin ji; 4. basım). Shànghǎi gǔjí chūbǎn shè.
• Yan, H. (2006). Chinese women writers and the feminist imagination, 1905-1948. Routledge.
• Ying, H. (2009). "How can a daughter glorify the family name?" filiality and women's rights in the late Qing. Nan nü, 11(2), 234-269. DOI: 10.1163/138768009×12586661923027
• Ying, H. (2011). Gender and modern martyrology. In J. Judge & Y. Hu (Eds.), Beyond exemplar tales: Women's biography in Chinese history (Cilt 1, s. 121-136). University of California Press.
• Ying, H. (2020). Burying autumn: Poetry, friendship, and loss. Harvard University Press.

Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Kaynak Göster

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