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Kalabalık Sınıflardaki Öğretim Sürecinin İncelenmesi: Yükseköğretim Örneği Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 160 – 170, 20.06.2024
Engin İş , Suphi Balcı
https://doi.org/10.32329/uad.1411934
Öz Crowded classes in higher education is one of the most important factors that reduce the efficiency of the teaching process. The aim of this study is to examine the teaching process in crowded classrooms in universities based on the experiences of instructors and students. In this study, a case study from qualitative research methods was used. A two-part semi-structured interview form prepared by the researchers was used to collect the data. The study group of the research consisted of 13 students and 9 lecturers determined by purposive sampling technique. Content analysis was used for the data collected. The opinions of the lecturers about overcrowded classes were mostly focused on the problems in the teaching process. It was concluded that they could not communicate with the students, though the quality of the lessons as low, and had problems with time, classroom management, noise pollution, difficulty in practical activities, lack of motivation, lack of choice and ignoring individual differences. The main negative codes for the students were communication, low quality of teaching, classroom management, undesirable student behaviors, insufficient time, need for more individual learning, difficulty in active participation in the lesson and noise pollution. Crowded classrooms create a negative emotional state in instructors. The instructors stated that they felt under pressure during teaching and that they experienced a loss of job satisfaction due to the feeling of not being able to teach the students better. Instructors also reported headaches, burnout, boredom, helplessness, fatigue, pressure and stress. Similarly, crowded classes create negative emotional states in students. These were identified as pressure, timidity and feelings of inadequacy. In order to overcome the problems identified within the scope of this research, policies such as solutions for the staff shortage in higher education and increasing the number of classrooms can be recommended.
Anahtar Kelimeler crowded classes, higher education, teaching staff
Kaynakça Aydın, A. (2019). Sınıf yönetimi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Bakioğlu, A. (2019). Çağdaş sınıf yönetimi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Berg, B. L. & Lune, H. (2019). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Konya: Eğitim yayınevi. Brophy, J., & Alleman, J. (1991). Activities as instructional tools: A framework for analysis and evaluation. Educational researcher, 20(4), 9-23. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X020004009 Brophy, J. (2006). History of research on classroom management. In C. M. Evertson & C. S. Weinstein (Eds.), Handbook of classroom management: Research, practice, and contemporary issues (pp. 17-43). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203874783-7 Cangelosi, J. S. (2016). Classroom management strategies: Gaining and maintaining students’ cooperation. John Wiley & Sons.NY: Longman. Cemaloğlu, N., & Yenel, K. (2021). Sınıf yönetimi. Pegam Akademi Charles, C. M. (2014). Building classroom management. USA: Pearson Creswell, J. (2021). Karma yöntem araştırmalarına giriş (Çev: M. Sözbilir). Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık. Çepni, S. (2021). Araştırma ve proje çalışmalarına giriş. Trabzon: Celepler Matbaacılık. Erdoğan, İ. (2019). Sınıf yönetimi: Ders, konferans, panel ve seminer etkinliklerinde başarının yolları. Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım. Emmer, E. T., & Sabornie, E. J. (2014). Introduction to the second edition. In Handbook of classroom management (pp. 3-12). Routledge. Jones, V. F., & Jones, L. S. (2004). Comprehensive classroom management: Creating communities of support and solving problems. Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon. Gökalp, M. (2021). Öğretim ilke ve yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegam Akademi. Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1982). Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry. Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 30 (4), 233-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02765185 Güler, N. (2019). Eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Karayaman, S. (2022). Sosyal bilimlerde seçme konular-6. Bölüm Adı: Kalabalık Yönetimi ve Okullarda Durum, Yayın Yeri: İksad Yayınevi, Editör: Çiftçi Hasan; Yıldız Sevcan, Basım sayısı:1, ISBN:978-625-8323-01-6, s.257-273. Komisyon (2017). Pedagojik formasyon için öğretim ilke ve yöntemleri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. Marzano, R. J. (2009). Classroom management that works. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc Merriam, S. B. (2013). Nitel araştırma desen ve uygulama için bir rehber (Çev. Turan, S.). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık. Neuts, B., & Nijkamp, P. (2012). Tourist crowding perception and acceptability ın cities: An applied modelling study on bruges. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(4): 2133–2153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.07.016 OECD. (2022). Education at a glance 2022: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/3197152b-en Özgan, H., & Tekin, A. (2011). Öğrencilerin hazırbulunuşluk düzeylerinin sınıf yönetimine etkisine yönelik öğretmen görüşleri. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(15), 421-434. Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Pehlivan, D. (2002). Alternatif Okullar. Ankara: Pegem A yayıncılık. Stronge, J. H. (2007). Qualities of effective teachers. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Şişman, M., & Turan, S. (2020). Sınıf yönetimi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Rusk, R. B. (2016). A case study of classroom management practices and the influence on classroom disruptions (Doctoral dissertation). Grand Canyon University. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED566842 Teddlie, C. & Tashakkori, A. (2015). Karma yöntem araştırmalarının temelleri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. Tutkun, Ö., & Düzeni, S. Y. (2016). Sınıf yönetimi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Uludağ, Z. & Odacı, H. (2002). Eğitim öğretim faaliyetlerinde fiziksel mekân. Millî Eğitim Dergisi, 29, 153-154. Yaman, E. (2006). Eğitim sistemindeki sorunlardan bir boyut: Büyük sınıflar ve sınıf yönetimi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 261-274. Yaman, E. (2010). Kalabalık sınıfların etkileri: Öğrenciler ne düşünüyor? Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 18(2), 403-414. Yurdakul, S. ve Şahin-Demir, S.A. (2022). Yükseköğretime Bakış 2022: İzleme ve değerlendirme raporu. Ankara: Eğitim-Bir-Sen Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi. Yükseköğretim Kurulu (2023). 2023 Üniversite İzleme ve Değerlendirme Genel Raporu. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Yayinlar/Yayinlarimiz/2023/2023-universite-izleme-ve-degerlendirme-genel-raporu.pdf
Kalabalık Sınıflardaki Öğretim Sürecinin İncelenmesi: Yükseköğretim Örneği Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 160 – 170, 20.06.2024
Engin İş , Suphi Balcı
https://doi.org/10.32329/uad.1411934
Öz Yükseköğretimde sınıfların kalabalık olması, öğretim sürecinin verimliliğini azaltan en önemli unsurlardan biridir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, üniversitelerde kalabalık sınıflarda yapılan öğretim sürecinin öğretim elemanları ve öğrencilerin deneyimlerine dayalı olarak incelenmesidir. Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Verilerinin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan iki bölümlük yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu ise amaçlı örnekleme tekniği ile belirlenen 13’ü öğrenci, 9’u öğretim elemanı olmak üzere toplam 22 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Araştırma sürecinde toplanan veriler, içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Öğretim elemanlarının kalabalık sınıflara ilişkin görüşlerinin en çok öğretim sürecinde yaşanan sorunlar üzerinde yoğunlaştığı görülmüştür. Öğrencilerle iletişim kuramadıkları, işlenen derslerin niteliğini düşük gördükleri, zaman konusunda sorun yaşadıkları, sınıf yönetimi, gürültü kirliliği, uygulama etkinliklerinde güçlük, motivasyon eksikliği, seçenek azlığı ve bireysel farklılıkların göz ardı edilmesi gibi problem yaşadıklarına dair sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Öğrenciler de ise başlıca iletişim zorlukları, sınıflardaki öğretim kalitesinin düşüklüğü, sınıf yönetimi problemleri, istenmeyen öğrenci davranışları, yetersiz zaman, daha fazla bireysel öğrenim gereksinimi, derse etkin katılım sorunu ve gürültü kirliliği gibi olumsuzluklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, kalabalık sınıfların öğretim elemanlarında olumsuz duygu durumlarına neden olduğu sonucuna da ulaşılmıştır. Öğretim elemanları ders işleme sürecinde kendilerini baskı altında hissettiklerini, öğrencilere gerekli bilgi ve becerileri aktaramamanın verdiği duygudan kaynaklı iş doyumu kaybı yaşadıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Bunlara ek olarak öğretim elemanları baş ağrısı, tükenmişlik hissi, can sıkıntısı, çaresizlik, yorgunluk, baskı ve stres yaşadıklarını belirtmiştir. Benzer şekilde kalabalık sınıfların öğrencilerde de olumsuz duygu durumları oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Bunlar baskı, çekingenlik ve yetersizlik hissi olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırma kapsamında tespit edilen sorunların giderilmesi için yükseköğretimdeki personel ihtiyacına yönelik çözümler, derslik sayısının arttırılması gibi politikalar önerilebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler Kalabalık sınıf, yükseköğretim, öğretim elemanı
Kaynakça Aydın, A. (2019). Sınıf yönetimi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Bakioğlu, A. (2019). Çağdaş sınıf yönetimi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Berg, B. L. & Lune, H. (2019). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Konya: Eğitim yayınevi. Brophy, J., & Alleman, J. (1991). Activities as instructional tools: A framework for analysis and evaluation. Educational researcher, 20(4), 9-23. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X020004009 Brophy, J. (2006). History of research on classroom management. In C. M. Evertson & C. S. Weinstein (Eds.), Handbook of classroom management: Research, practice, and contemporary issues (pp. 17-43). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203874783-7 Cangelosi, J. S. (2016). Classroom management strategies: Gaining and maintaining students’ cooperation. John Wiley & Sons.NY: Longman. Cemaloğlu, N., & Yenel, K. (2021). Sınıf yönetimi. Pegam Akademi Charles, C. M. (2014). Building classroom management. USA: Pearson Creswell, J. (2021). Karma yöntem araştırmalarına giriş (Çev: M. Sözbilir). Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık. Çepni, S. (2021). Araştırma ve proje çalışmalarına giriş. Trabzon: Celepler Matbaacılık. Erdoğan, İ. (2019). Sınıf yönetimi: Ders, konferans, panel ve seminer etkinliklerinde başarının yolları. Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım. Emmer, E. T., & Sabornie, E. J. (2014). Introduction to the second edition. In Handbook of classroom management (pp. 3-12). Routledge. Jones, V. F., & Jones, L. S. (2004). Comprehensive classroom management: Creating communities of support and solving problems. Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon. Gökalp, M. (2021). Öğretim ilke ve yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegam Akademi. Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1982). Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry. Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 30 (4), 233-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02765185 Güler, N. (2019). Eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Karayaman, S. (2022). Sosyal bilimlerde seçme konular-6. Bölüm Adı: Kalabalık Yönetimi ve Okullarda Durum, Yayın Yeri: İksad Yayınevi, Editör: Çiftçi Hasan; Yıldız Sevcan, Basım sayısı:1, ISBN:978-625-8323-01-6, s.257-273. Komisyon (2017). Pedagojik formasyon için öğretim ilke ve yöntemleri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. Marzano, R. J. (2009). Classroom management that works. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc Merriam, S. B. (2013). Nitel araştırma desen ve uygulama için bir rehber (Çev. Turan, S.). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık. Neuts, B., & Nijkamp, P. (2012). Tourist crowding perception and acceptability ın cities: An applied modelling study on bruges. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(4): 2133–2153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.07.016 OECD. (2022). Education at a glance 2022: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/3197152b-en Özgan, H., & Tekin, A. (2011). Öğrencilerin hazırbulunuşluk düzeylerinin sınıf yönetimine etkisine yönelik öğretmen görüşleri. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(15), 421-434. Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Pehlivan, D. (2002). Alternatif Okullar. Ankara: Pegem A yayıncılık. Stronge, J. H. (2007). Qualities of effective teachers. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Şişman, M., & Turan, S. (2020). Sınıf yönetimi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Rusk, R. B. (2016). A case study of classroom management practices and the influence on classroom disruptions (Doctoral dissertation). Grand Canyon University. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED566842 Teddlie, C. & Tashakkori, A. (2015). Karma yöntem araştırmalarının temelleri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. Tutkun, Ö., & Düzeni, S. Y. (2016). Sınıf yönetimi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Uludağ, Z. & Odacı, H. (2002). Eğitim öğretim faaliyetlerinde fiziksel mekân. Millî Eğitim Dergisi, 29, 153-154. Yaman, E. (2006). Eğitim sistemindeki sorunlardan bir boyut: Büyük sınıflar ve sınıf yönetimi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 261-274. Yaman, E. (2010). Kalabalık sınıfların etkileri: Öğrenciler ne düşünüyor? Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 18(2), 403-414. Yurdakul, S. ve Şahin-Demir, S.A. (2022). Yükseköğretime Bakış 2022: İzleme ve değerlendirme raporu. Ankara: Eğitim-Bir-Sen Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi. Yükseköğretim Kurulu (2023). 2023 Üniversite İzleme ve Değerlendirme Genel Raporu. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Yayinlar/Yayinlarimiz/2023/2023-universite-izleme-ve-degerlendirme-genel-raporu.pdf Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Yükseköğretim Çalışmaları (Diğer) Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Engin İş Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi 0000-0003-4304-0662 Türkiye
Suphi Balcı MİLLİ EĞİTİM BAKANLIĞI HATAY 0000-0002-7294-1518 Türkiye
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 10 Haziran 2024 Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023 Kabul Tarihi 9 Haziran 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2
Kaynak Göster APA İş, E., & Balcı, S. (2024). Kalabalık Sınıflardaki Öğretim Sürecinin İncelenmesi: Yükseköğretim Örneği. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 160-170. https://doi.org/10.32329/uad.1411934
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