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Yalova Örneğinde Biyoklimatik Konforun Zamansal Değişimi Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 693 – 703, 24.07.2024
Canan Koç , Ahmet Koç
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1466086
Öz The phenomenon of urban migration from rural, which began with the Industrial Revolution, led to urban population growth, and changes in land cover have gradually increased. Nowadays, with the decrease of natural areas in cities and the increase in artificial areas, the urban heat island effect intensifies, leading to significant thermal effects. The energy that humans need to maintain their daily lives is influenced by the climate, and this issue is mostly addressed in bioclimatic comfort studies in the literature. In this context, the effects of urban climate on human thermal comfort are revealed by evaluating 9 years of meteorological data covering the years 2009-2017 for the city of Yalova in the study. The PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature) index is used to calculate bioclimatic comfort conditions. Although extreme cold or extreme hot stress was not encountered in any of the years studied in Yalova except for the winter of 2012, the city continues to grow rapidly and the population continues to increase, making it possible for climatic changes to occur. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop projects prioritizing the use of renewable energy in Yalova, prevent pressure on the ecological structure, and carry out studies ensuring socio-economic and environmental sustainability.
Anahtar Kelimeler Thermal Comfort, PET Index, Microclimate, Thermal Stress
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Applied Climatology a Study of Atmıspheric Resources, Butter Worths, London.151.p Hoppe, P. 1999. The physiological equivalent temperature -a universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment, International Journal of Biometeorology 43(2):71-75. Kazel, E., Bayartan, M. 2021. Yerleşme coğrafyası açısından bir inceleme: Yalova şehri. Coğrafya Dergisi, 43, 143-158. Koç, A. 2019. Yalova kent merkezinin biyo-klimatik konfor yönüyle değerlendirilmesi, 4. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi 14—17 Şubat 2019, Yalova. s.27-32. Koç, C. 2024. Kentsel büyüme ve iklim değişikliğinin Yalova örneğinde değerlendirilmesi, Dicle Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 13 (1), 11-44. Koçman, A. 1991. İzmir'in kentsel gelişimini etkileyen doğal çevre faktörleri ve bunlara ilişkin sorunlar, Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3, 101. Lai,D., Guo,D., Hou, Y., Lin, C., Chen, Q. 2014. Studies of outdoor thermal comfort in Northern China. Building and Environment, 77, 110–118 Matzarakis, A., Mayer, H. 1996. Another kind of environmental stress: Thermal stress, WHO Newsletter 18:7-10. Matzarakis, A., Mayer, H., Iziomon, M. G. 1999. Applications of a universal thermal index: Physiological equivalent temperature, International Journal of Biometeorology, 43(2):76-84. Matzarakis, A.2001. Assessing climate for tourism purposes: Existing methods and tools for the thermal complex. Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation (s. 101-111). Porto Carras, Neos Marmaras, Halkidiki, Greece: International Society of Biometeotology. Menteşe, S., Koca, S. 2023. Bilecik merkez ilçesinin dış ortam termal konfor düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 28(50), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.5152/EGJ.2023.22024 Nikolopoulou, M., Lykoudis, S., Kikira, M., 2004. Thermal comfort models for urban spaces, Designing Open Spaces in the Urban Environment: A Bioclimatic Approach, RUROS Project. Olgyay, V. 1973. Design with climate, Bioclimatic Approach to Architectural Regionalism, Princeton University Pres. Princeton. 190p. Öztürk, S., Kadak, M. K. 2018. Kastamonu-Çatalzeytin ve çevresinin iklim konforu şartlarının ekoturizm aktiviteleri yönünden incelenmesi. Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 12–21. Toy, S., Yılmaz, S., Yılmaz, H, 2005. Determination of bioclimatic comfort in three different land uses in the city of Erzurum, Turkey, Bulding and Environment. 42 (3):1315 – 1318. Toy, S., Çağlak, S. 2018. İnsan biyoklimatik konfor şartları üzerine kent sel alanların etkisi ve Erzurum kenti örneği. ISUEP2018 Uluslararası Kentleşme ve Çevre Sorunları Sempozyumu: Değişim/Dönüşüm/Özgünlük. 28-30 Haziran 2018. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi. Toy, S., Eren, Z. 2023. Türkiye’de kentlerin iklim dirençliliğini arttırmak için kentsel özelliklerin parametre haline getirilmesine yönelik öneriler. Çevre Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, 2(4),324-347. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cs id/issue/79302/1294910 Tuğaç, Ç. 2022. İklim değişikliği krizi ve şehirler, Çevre Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, 1(1) , 38-60 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/csid/issue/69388/1102221. Umaroğulları, F., Motor, C. 2020. Toplu konutların iklimsel konfor tasarım parametrelerine göre değerlendirilmesi: “Ilıman nemli iklim bölgesi: Edirne Binevler (1.Kısım) konut yapı kooparetifi örneği”. Mimarlık ve Yaşam, 5 (1), 105-122 . DOI: 10.26835/my.661363. WMO, 2023. Guidance on measuring, modelling and monitoring the canopy layer urban heat ısland (CL UHI). K.H. Schlünzen, S. Grimmond, A. Baklanov (editors.), World Meteorological Organisation, WEATHER CLIMATE WATER. 2023 edition. World Meteorological Organization WMO Publication No. 1292, 88 pp. https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=11537. Yücekaya, M. 2022. Farklı karakterdeki kent parçalarının mikroklimatik analizi; Kayseri örneği. Artium, 10 (2), 94-100 . DOI: 10.51664/artium.1125322. Yücekaya, M., Aklıbaşında, M., Günaydın, A.S., 2022. Suyun iklimsel etkisinin ENVI-Met simülasyonu ile analizi. Online Journal of Art and Design, 10 (4): 301-313.
Yalova Örneğinde Biyoklimatik Konforun Zamansal Değişimi Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 693 – 703, 24.07.2024
Canan Koç , Ahmet Koç
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1466086
Öz Sanayi Devrimiyle başlayan kırsal alanlardan kente göç olgusuyla kentsel nüfus artışı başlamış, arazi örtüsünde değişimler giderek artmıştır. Günümüzde, kentlerde doğal alanların azalması ve yapay alanlardaki artışla birlikte kentsel ısı adası etkisi yoğunlaşmakta ve önemli boyutlarda termal etki oluşumuna neden olmaktadır. İnsanın günlük yaşamını devam ettirebilmek için ihtiyaç duyduğu enerji iklimden etkilenmekte ve bu durum literatürde çoğunlukla biyo-klimatik konfor çalışmalarında ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada Yalova kentine ait 2009-2017 yıllarını kapsayan 9 yıllık meteorolojik veriler değerlendirilerek, kent ikliminin insan termal konforuna etkileri ortaya konmaktadır. Biyoklimatik konfor şartlarını hesaplamak için PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature) indeksi kullanılmıştır. Yalova kentinde incelenen yıllar arasında 2012 yılı kış mevsimi dışında aşırı soğuk ya da aşırı sıcak stresi ile karşılaşılmamış olmasına karşın, kentin hızla büyümesi ve nüfus artışı devam etmiş olup, iklimsel değişimlerin yaşanması olası görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla Yalova’da yenilenebilir enerji kullanımına öncelik veren projelerin geliştirilmesi, ekolojik yapıya olan baskının önlenmesi, sosyo-ekonomik ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliği sağlayan çalışmaların yürütülmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler Termal Konfor, PET İndeksi, Mikro Klima, Termal Stres
Kaynakça Altundağ. M. 2009. Yalova’nın Turizm Potansiyeli, Yalova. Anonim, 2005. İşte Yalova, Marpar Marmara Piyasa Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları. Anonim, 2018. https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news. Erişim tarihi 14.08.2018. Anonim, 2023a. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?contextua l=default. Erişim tarihi 07.11.2023. Anonim, 2023b. https://www.lafsozluk.com/2009/06/yalova-ilinin-ilceleri-ve-nufus-sayilari.html ?hl=en. Erişim tarihi 05.10.2023. Anonim, 2024a. https://www.tuik.gov.tr/. Erişim tarihi 20.03.2024. Anonim, 2024b. https://corinecbs.tarimorman.gov.tr/. Erişim tarihi 29.05.2024. Berköz, F. 1969. Biyoklimatik konfor yönüyle tavan yüksekliğinin belirlenmesinde bir metod. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul. Çalışkan, O.,Türkoğlu, N. 2014. Ankara’da termal konfor koşulların eğilimi ve şehirleşmenin termal konfor koşulları üzerine etkisi. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 12(2), 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000156 Çetin, M., Topay, M., Kaya, L., Yılmaz, B. 2010. Biyoiklimsel konforun peyzaj planlama sürecindeki etkinliği: Kütahya örneği. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 11(1), 83-95. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tjf/issue/20894/224358 Çınar, İ. 1999. Fiziksel planlamada biyoiklimsel veriler kullanarak biyokonforun oluşturulması üzerine Fethiye merkezi yerleşimi üzerinde araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir. Erkek, E., Kalaycı, Ö., Başaran, N., Öner, A., Atun, R. , Lamba, H., Uyguçgil, H., Çabuk, S. N., Ağaçsapan, B. 2020. Biyoklimatik konfor ve arazi kullanımı arasındaki ilişkinin CBS ve UA teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmesi: İzmir ili örneği. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 20 (1) , 174-188 . DOI: 10.35414/akufemubid.634985. Hobbs, J.E. 1995. Applied Climatology a Study of Atmıspheric Resources, Butter Worths, London.151.p Hoppe, P. 1999. The physiological equivalent temperature -a universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment, International Journal of Biometeorology 43(2):71-75. Kazel, E., Bayartan, M. 2021. Yerleşme coğrafyası açısından bir inceleme: Yalova şehri. Coğrafya Dergisi, 43, 143-158. Koç, A. 2019. Yalova kent merkezinin biyo-klimatik konfor yönüyle değerlendirilmesi, 4. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi 14—17 Şubat 2019, Yalova. s.27-32. Koç, C. 2024. Kentsel büyüme ve iklim değişikliğinin Yalova örneğinde değerlendirilmesi, Dicle Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 13 (1), 11-44. Koçman, A. 1991. İzmir'in kentsel gelişimini etkileyen doğal çevre faktörleri ve bunlara ilişkin sorunlar, Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3, 101. Lai,D., Guo,D., Hou, Y., Lin, C., Chen, Q. 2014. Studies of outdoor thermal comfort in Northern China. Building and Environment, 77, 110–118 Matzarakis, A., Mayer, H. 1996. Another kind of environmental stress: Thermal stress, WHO Newsletter 18:7-10. Matzarakis, A., Mayer, H., Iziomon, M. G. 1999. Applications of a universal thermal index: Physiological equivalent temperature, International Journal of Biometeorology, 43(2):76-84. Matzarakis, A.2001. Assessing climate for tourism purposes: Existing methods and tools for the thermal complex. Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation (s. 101-111). Porto Carras, Neos Marmaras, Halkidiki, Greece: International Society of Biometeotology. Menteşe, S., Koca, S. 2023. Bilecik merkez ilçesinin dış ortam termal konfor düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 28(50), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.5152/EGJ.2023.22024 Nikolopoulou, M., Lykoudis, S., Kikira, M., 2004. Thermal comfort models for urban spaces, Designing Open Spaces in the Urban Environment: A Bioclimatic Approach, RUROS Project. Olgyay, V. 1973. Design with climate, Bioclimatic Approach to Architectural Regionalism, Princeton University Pres. Princeton. 190p. Öztürk, S., Kadak, M. K. 2018. Kastamonu-Çatalzeytin ve çevresinin iklim konforu şartlarının ekoturizm aktiviteleri yönünden incelenmesi. Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 12–21. Toy, S., Yılmaz, S., Yılmaz, H, 2005. Determination of bioclimatic comfort in three different land uses in the city of Erzurum, Turkey, Bulding and Environment. 42 (3):1315 – 1318. Toy, S., Çağlak, S. 2018. İnsan biyoklimatik konfor şartları üzerine kent sel alanların etkisi ve Erzurum kenti örneği. ISUEP2018 Uluslararası Kentleşme ve Çevre Sorunları Sempozyumu: Değişim/Dönüşüm/Özgünlük. 28-30 Haziran 2018. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi. Toy, S., Eren, Z. 2023. Türkiye’de kentlerin iklim dirençliliğini arttırmak için kentsel özelliklerin parametre haline getirilmesine yönelik öneriler. Çevre Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, 2(4),324-347. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cs id/issue/79302/1294910 Tuğaç, Ç. 2022. İklim değişikliği krizi ve şehirler, Çevre Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, 1(1) , 38-60 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/csid/issue/69388/1102221. Umaroğulları, F., Motor, C. 2020. Toplu konutların iklimsel konfor tasarım parametrelerine göre değerlendirilmesi: “Ilıman nemli iklim bölgesi: Edirne Binevler (1.Kısım) konut yapı kooparetifi örneği”. Mimarlık ve Yaşam, 5 (1), 105-122 . DOI: 10.26835/my.661363. WMO, 2023. Guidance on measuring, modelling and monitoring the canopy layer urban heat ısland (CL UHI). K.H. Schlünzen, S. Grimmond, A. Baklanov (editors.), World Meteorological Organisation, WEATHER CLIMATE WATER. 2023 edition. World Meteorological Organization WMO Publication No. 1292, 88 pp. https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=11537. Yücekaya, M. 2022. Farklı karakterdeki kent parçalarının mikroklimatik analizi; Kayseri örneği. Artium, 10 (2), 94-100 . DOI: 10.51664/artium.1125322. Yücekaya, M., Aklıbaşında, M., Günaydın, A.S., 2022. Suyun iklimsel etkisinin ENVI-Met simülasyonu ile analizi. Online Journal of Art and Design, 10 (4): 301-313. Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Biyosistem, Ziraat Mühendisliği (Diğer) Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Canan Koç DİCLE ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0003-0992-2290 Türkiye
Ahmet Koç DİCLE ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0001-6932-6680 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Temmuz 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Nisan 2024 Kabul Tarihi 3 Haziran 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3
Kaynak Göster APA Koç, C., & Koç, A. (2024). Yalova Örneğinde Biyoklimatik Konforun Zamansal Değişimi. Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3), 693-703. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1466086
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