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Sulama Alanlarına Saptırılan Sulama Suyunun Yeterlilik Durumu: Çanakkale-Biga Bakacık Barajı Örneği Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 463 – 474, 30.04.2024
Canan Gökhan , İsmail Tas
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1448148
Öz As in most of the world, water resources in Turkey are limited and insufficient. As it is known, every application in agricultural production causes positive or negative effects on efficiency, quality and cost, while also having effects on the environment. Unsuitable irrigation practices not only waste irrigation water but also cause serious environmental pollution. Especially plant nutrition products and other inputs can seriously pollute the environment due to incorrect irrigation practices. In addition, excessive irrigation water applications not only waste existing resources but also cause the effects of droughts to be felt much more. In this study, the adequacy of the irrigation water diverted by the State Hydraulic Works (DSI) to the Çanakkale-Biga Bakacak Dam irrigation area was evaluated in the last ten-year period (2012-2022). The irrigation water needs of the plants were calculated based on the plant patterns realized over the years and compared with the amount of irrigation water diverted for each year. Additionally, the predicted plant pattern in the project area was compared with the actual plant pattern. After the calculations and examinations, while it is envisaged that 8% of the rice plant will be planted in the plant pattern planned in the project area, this rate is 7.5-52.7% of the irrigation area in the plant pattern realized in the production period taken into account. Similarly, while the corn plant was predicted to be 5%, it changed between 14.7-55.7% of the irrigated area. Considering the 10-year production period, the evapotranspiration (ETc) value of the rice plant is 674-821 mm; sunflower 316-398 mm; tomato 482-592 mm; bean 442- 541 mm; Corn varied between 460-563 mm and alfalfa 714-888 mm. It has been calculated that the amount of irrigation water given to the area by DSI in the period between 2012 and 2021 was 1.54-2.72 times the net irrigation water need of the irrigation area, with an average of 2.05 times (105% more). In the calculation made based on the gross irrigation water need, these values varied between 1.08-1.99 and were determined to be 1.35 times (35% more) on average. It was determined that more irrigation water was supplied to the Bakacak dam irrigation area than needed.
Anahtar Kelimeler Crop pattern change, irrigation water sufficiency, evapotranspiration.
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An improved interval multi-objective programming model for irrigation water allocation by considering energy consumption under multiple uncertainties. J. Hydrol. 602, 126699, 2021. Sarı, T., 2010. Balıkesir ve Gönen Ovaları Sulama Sistemlerinin Performanslarının İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Anabilim dalı, Balıkesir, 2010. Song, C.J., Qiang L.I., Wang Y.L., 2014. A Review on Ecological and Environmental Effects of Agricultural Land Drainage Ditches. Mord. Agric. Sci. Technol. Taş, C. S., & Kızıloğlu, F. M., 2022. Erzincan Altınada Sulama Şebekesinin Performansının Değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture – Food Science and Technology, 10(11), 2224–2231. Taş, İ., Kırnak, H., 2011. Yarı Kurak İklim Bölgelerinde Bitki Su Tüketiminin Tahmininde Kullanılabilecek Ampirik Modeller. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2011; 8(1): 57 – 66. Tekiner, M., Beyribey M. (2010). Yüzey sulama sistemlerinde sulama işletmeciliği model yaklaşımı. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 24 (1), 62-69. Topak, R., Acar, B., Kara, M., Çiftçi, N., & Şahin, M. (2003). Çumra ve Çumra Ova Sulama Birlikleri sulama şebekelerinde yeni işletme şeklinin performans göstergelerine etkileri. II. Ulusal Sulama Kongresi, Aydın. WMO, 2012. Standardized Precipitation Index User Guide. World Meteorological Organization.
Sulama Alanlarına Saptırılan Sulama Suyunun Yeterlilik Durumu: Çanakkale-Biga Bakacık Barajı Örneği Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 463 – 474, 30.04.2024
Canan Gökhan , İsmail Tas
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1448148
Öz Dünyanın büyük bölümünde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de su varlığı sınırlı ve yetersizdir. Bilindiği üzere tarımsal üretimde yapılan her uygulama verim, kalite ve maliyette olumlu ya da olumsuz etkilere neden olurken aynı zamanda da bulunduğu çevreye de etkileri söz konusudur. Hatalı sulama uygulamaları, sulama suyu israfı yanında ciddi boyutlarda çevresel kirlilik yüküne de neden olmaktadır. Bitki besleme ürünleri başta olmak üzere diğer girdilerle birlikte yapılan uygulamalar ve hatalı sulamalar çevreyi ciddi oranda kirletebilmektedir. Ayrıca, fazla sulama suyu uygulamaları hem mevcut kaynağın israf edilmesine hem de oluşan kuraklıkların etkisinin çok daha fazla hissedilmesine neden olmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada, Çanakkale-Biga Bakacak Barajı sulama alanına, Devlet Su İşleri’nce (DSİ) saptırılan sulama suyu yeterliliğinin son on yıllık dönemi (2012-2022) değerlendirilmiştir. Yıllar itibarıyla gerçekleşen ürün deseninden gidilerek bitkilerin sulama suyu ihtiyaçları hesaplanarak her yıl için saptırılan sulama suyu miktarı ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca proje alanında öngörülen ürün deseni ile gerçekleşen ürün deseni de karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan hesaplamalar ve incelemeler sonrasında projede alanında planlanan ürün deseninde çeltik bitkisi için %8 oranında ekiliş öngörülürken, dikkate alınan üretim döneminde gerçekleşen ürün deseninde bu oran sulama alanının %7.5-52.7’dir. Benzer şeklide mısır bitkisi de %5 olarak öngörülürken sulanan alanın %14.7-55.7’si arasında değişim sergilemiştir. 10 yıllık üretim periyodu dikkate alındığında çeltik bitkisinin evapotranspirasyon (ETc) değeri 674-821 mm; ayçiçeği 316-398 mm; domates 482-592 mm; fasulye 442- 541 mm; mısır 460-563 mm ve yonca 714-888 mm arasında değişim göstermiştir. DSİ tarafından 2012-2021 arası periyotta alana verilen sulama suyu miktarı, sulama alanının net sulama suyu ihtiyacının 1.54-2.72 katı, ortalama 2.05 katı (%105 daha fazla) olarak uygulandığı hesaplanmıştır. Brüt sulama suyu ihtiyacı üzerinden yapılan hesaplamada ise bu değerler 1.08-1.99 arasında değişmiş ve ortalama 1.35 katı (%35 daha fazla) olarak belirlenmiştir. Bakacak barajı sulama alanına sulama suyunun ihtiyaç duyulandan daha fazla verildiği belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler Ürün deseni değişimi, sulama suyu yeterliliği, evapotranspirasyon
Kaynakça Allen, R.G. 1994. An Update for The Calculation of Reference Evapotranspiration, ICID Bull, 43(2), s.35-92. Aydoğdu, M. H. 2020. Çiftçilerin Tarımsal Sulamalarda Su Kullanım Davranışları Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Şanlıurfa Örneklemesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(74), 602-610. Brenner, B., Hartl, B., 2021. The perceived relationship between digitalization and ecological, economic, and social sustainability. J. Clean. Prod. 315 (5), 128128. Cengiz, A., Uçar, Y., 2021. Acıpayam Sulama Şebekesi Performansının Değerlendirilmesi. Türk Bilim ve Mühendislik Dergisi. 3(1): 22-2 Chote, B. H. (2022). Boyalıca pompaj sulamasında sulama performansının değerlendirilmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Cin, S., Çakmak, B., 2017. Assessment of Irrigation Performance in Başören Irrigation Cooperative Area of Beypazarı, Ankara. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 34 (2), 10-19. Çiftçi Ş, Değirmenci H 2022. Sulama Performans Göstergeleri ve TOPSİS Yöntemi ile Asi Havzası Sulama Birliklerinin Analizi. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 25 (1): 169-180. Değirmenci, H., Buyukcangaz, H., Kuşçu, H., 2003., Assessment of Irrigation Schemes with Comparative Indicators inthe Southeastern Anatolia Project. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Vol. 27 (2003) 293-303. Eliçabuk C, Topak R 2016. Gevrekli Sulama Birliği’nde Sulama Performansının Değerlendirilmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 3(2):191-199. Gardu˜no, H., Foster, S., 2010. Sustainable groundwater irrigation : approaches to reconciling demand with resources. Strategic Overview Series Number 4. Sustainable Groundwater Management Contributions to Policy Promotion. The GW•MATE Strategic Overview Series is published by the World Bank, Washington D.C., USA. Gençoğlu M, Değirmenci H 2019. Sulama Performansının Değerlendirilmesi: Kırıkhan Sulama Birliği Örneği. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 22(3): 436-443. Harman, E., Çakmak B., 2023. Sakaryabaşı Sulama Birliğinde Sulama Performansının Değerlendirilmesi. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 320-330. He L., Du Y., Wu S., Zhang Z., 2021. Evaluation of the agricultural water resource carrying capacity and optimization of a planting-raising structure. Agricultural Water Management, 243 (106456), ISSN 0378-3774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106456. İlhan, Aİ, Utku M., 1998. GAP Sulama Alanında Bitki Su Tüketimi ve Bitki Su Gereksinimi. Tarım Orman Meteorolojisi 98 Sempozyumu, 21-23 Ekim 1998, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul. Ji, J.; Wang, S.; Zhou, Y.; Liu, W.; Wang, L. Spatiotemporal Change and Coordinated Development Analysis of “Population-Society-Economy-Resource-Ecology-Environment” in the Jing-Jin-Ji Urban Agglomeration from 2000 to 2015. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4075. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13074075 Kobak O, Tas I., 2021. İkinci Ürün Silajlık Mısırda Dinamik Sulama Programının Verim ve Morfolojik Özellikler Üzerine Etkisi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 18 (1), 49-57. Koç A.C., Güner Ü., 2005. Mevcut Sulama Projelerinin FAO Kriterleriyle Yeniden Değerlendirilmesi. Tavas Ovası Örneği, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, (009), 93-106. Kodal, S. Yıldırım Y E., Akgün M., 1988. Çeltik Bitkisi Su Tüketimi ve Sulama Suyu ihtiyacının Hesaplanması. A. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yıllığı Cilt 39, No: 1-2, Ankara. Li, L., Zhou Y., Li M., Cao K., Tao Y., Liu Y., 2022. Integrated modelling for cropping pattern optimization and planning considering the synergy of water resources-society-economy-ecology-environment system. Agricultural Water Management, 271 (107808). ISSN 0378-3774. doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107808. Mckee, T.B., Doesken N.J., Kleist J., 1993 The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. AMS 8th Conference on Applied Climatology (January): 179–184. DOI: citeulike-article-id:10490403. Ren, C., Zhi X., Yu Z., Wei X., Wang Y., Sun D., 2021. An improved interval multi-objective programming model for irrigation water allocation by considering energy consumption under multiple uncertainties. J. Hydrol. 602, 126699, 2021. Sarı, T., 2010. Balıkesir ve Gönen Ovaları Sulama Sistemlerinin Performanslarının İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Anabilim dalı, Balıkesir, 2010. Song, C.J., Qiang L.I., Wang Y.L., 2014. A Review on Ecological and Environmental Effects of Agricultural Land Drainage Ditches. Mord. Agric. Sci. Technol. Taş, C. S., & Kızıloğlu, F. M., 2022. Erzincan Altınada Sulama Şebekesinin Performansının Değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture – Food Science and Technology, 10(11), 2224–2231. Taş, İ., Kırnak, H., 2011. Yarı Kurak İklim Bölgelerinde Bitki Su Tüketiminin Tahmininde Kullanılabilecek Ampirik Modeller. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2011; 8(1): 57 – 66. Tekiner, M., Beyribey M. (2010). Yüzey sulama sistemlerinde sulama işletmeciliği model yaklaşımı. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 24 (1), 62-69. Topak, R., Acar, B., Kara, M., Çiftçi, N., & Şahin, M. (2003). Çumra ve Çumra Ova Sulama Birlikleri sulama şebekelerinde yeni işletme şeklinin performans göstergelerine etkileri. II. Ulusal Sulama Kongresi, Aydın. WMO, 2012. Standardized Precipitation Index User Guide. World Meteorological Organization. Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Sulama Sistemleri, Tarımsal Yapılar Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Canan Gökhan Devlet Su İşleri 0009-0002-7183-796X Türkiye
İsmail Tas ÇANAKKALE ONSEKİZ MART ÜNİVERSİTESİ ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ 0000-0003-0872-2529 Türkiye
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Nisan 2024 Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 1 Nisan 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2
Kaynak Göster APA Gökhan, C., & Tas, İ. (2024). Sulama Alanlarına Saptırılan Sulama Suyunun Yeterlilik Durumu: Çanakkale-Biga Bakacık Barajı Örneği. Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 463-474. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1448148
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