Analysis of Internal and External Factors Affecting Liquid Chemical Cargo Port Efficiency

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 57 – 70, 01.06.2024

Ercan Yüksekyıldız

https://doi.org/10.52998/trjmms.1394521

Öz

Liman verimliliği ölçümü, denizcilik sektöründe önemli bir gereksinimdir ve uluslararası ticareti doğrudan etkilediği için birçok çalışmanın konusu olmuştur. Liman verimliliğini belirlemek için kullanılacak yöntemler, limanın incelenecek operasyonel özelliklerine göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Hangi liman işlemlerinin değerlendirildiğine bağlı olarak, liman yeterliliği birçok şekilde ölçülebilir. Literatürde liman verimliliklerinin daha çok sayısal yöntemler kullanılarak belirlendiği görülmektedir. Ancak liman verimliliğini analiz ederken, verimliliği sadece sayısal işlemlerle ölçmek bazı durumlarda yanıltıcı sonuçlara yol açabilir. Bu durumdan sakınmak için liman verimliliğini etkileyen ancak sayısallaştırılamayan iç ve dış faktörlerin analiz edilmesi gereklidir. Bu çalışmada sıvı kimyasal yük limanlarında, liman verimliliğini etkileyen ancak sayısallaştırılamayan iç ve dış faktörler literatür taraması ve uzmanlar tarafından belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen faktörler sıvı kimyasal yük limanları konusunda uzmanlaşmış kişilerle yapılan anketler yoluyla değerlendirilmiştir. Anket sonuçları SPSS 21.0 istatistiksel yazılımı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş olup değişkenlerin ortalamaları ile standart sapmaları belirlenmiştir. Anketlerden elde edilen sonuçlara göre liman sahasının yeri ve boyutları, arka saha bağlantılarının ve lojistik tesislerin iyi düzeyde olması, limanın fiziksel çevresinin iyi düzenlenmiş olması, teknolojik yeniliklerin kullanılması ve kalite kontrol sisteminin düzgün işlemesi liman verimliliği açısından önemli faktörler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu faktörlerin yanı sıra limanda iş analizinin doğru yapılması, limanda çalışan personelin aldığı ücretin, eğitim düzeyinin ve moral seviyesinin yeterli olması da liman verimliliğini etkileyen önemli faktörler olarak bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liman verimliliği, Sıvı kimyasal yük limanları, Liman analizi, Verimlilik analizi

Kaynakça

• Ateş, A. (2010). Türkiye Konteyner Terminallerinde Verimlilik Analizi, Doktora Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
• Barros, C.P., Athanasious, M. (2004). Efficiency in European Seaports with DEA: Evidence for Greece and Portugal. Maritime Economics & Logistics 6(2): 122-140.
• Bayar, S. (2005). Veri Zarflama Analizi Kullanılarak Liman Verimliliğinin Ölçülmesi: Türk Limanlarından Bir Örnek, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Bolat, F. (2010). Marmara Bölgesi Limanlarının Ana (HUB) Liman Özellikleri Yönünden Potansiyellerinin İncelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Çağlar, V. (2012). Türk Özel Limanlarının Etkinlik ve Verimlilik Analizi, Doktora Tezi, DEÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
• Çağlar, V., Esmer, S., Oral, Z.E. (2010). Özelleştirme ve Özelleştirme Aşamasında Olan Limanların Sektörel İncelenmesi, Türkiye’nin Kıyı ve Deniz Alanları VIII. Ulusal Kongresi, Nisan-Mayıs, Bildiriler Kitabı II, pp. 925-935 Trabzon.
• Coto-Millan, P., Banso-Pino, J., Rodriguez-Alvarez, A. (2000). Economic Efficiency in Spanish Ports: Some Empirical Evidence. Maritime Policy and Management 27(2): 169-174.
• Cullinane, K.P.B., Song, D.W., Gray, R. (2002). A Stochastic Frontier Model of the Efficiency of Major Container Terminals in Asia: Accessing the Influence of Administrative and Ownership Structures. Transportation Research Part A 36: 743-762.
• Cullinane, K.P.B., Song, D.W., Ji, P., Wang, T.F. (2004). An Application of DEA Windows Analysis to Container Port Production Efficiency. Review of Network Economics 3(2).
• Cullinane, K.P.B., Wang, T.F., Song, D.W., Ji, P. (2006). The Technical Efficiency of Container Ports: Comparing Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 40, 4.
• Ersoy, Y. (2021). Performance Evaluation in Distance Education by Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and TOPSIS Methods. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 46: 1803–1817.
• Estache, A., Gonzalez, M., Trujillo, L. (2002). Efficiency Gains from Port Reform and the Potential for Yardstick Competition: Lessons from Mexico. World Development 30(4): 545-560.
• Fahim, P.B., Rezaei, J., Montreuil, B., Tavasszy, L. (2022). Port performance evaluation and selection in the Physical Internet. Transport Policy 124: 83-94.
• Frankel, E.G. (1987). Port Planning and Development, New York, John Wiley&Sons.
• Ghiara, H., Tei, A. (2021). Port activity and technical efficiency: determinants and external factors. Maritime Policy & Management 48(5): 711-724.
• Görçün, Ö.F. (2021). Efficiency analysis of Black Sea container seaports: application of an integrated MCDM approach. Maritime Policy & Management 48(5): 672-699.
• Itoh, H. (2002). Efficiency Changes at Major Container Ports in Japan: A Window Application of Data Envelopment Analysis. Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies 14(2): 133–152.
• Likert, R. (1932). A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes. Archives of Psychology 140: 5-55.
• Liu, Z. (1995). The Comparative Performance of Public and Private Enterprises: The Case of British Ports. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 29(3): 263-274.
• Martinez-Budria, E., Diaz, A.R., Navarro, I.M., Ravelo M.T. (1999). A Study of The Efficiency of Spanish Port Authorities Using Data Envelopment Analysis. International Journal of Transport Economics 26(2): 237–253.
• Martínez Moya, J., Feo Valero, M. (2017). Port choice in container market: a literature review. Transport Rev. 37 (3): 300–321.
• Ministry of Maritime Affairs, (2010). Türk Limanları için Liman Yönetim Modeli Oluşturulması Hakkında Rapor, Deniz Ticareti Genel Müdürlüğü, 65 s, Ankara.
• Nazemzadeh, M., Vanelslander, T. (2015). The container transport system: selection criteria and business attractiveness for North-European ports. Marit. Econ. Logist. 17 (2): 221–245.
• Niavis, S., Tsekeris, T. (2012). Ranking and Causes of Inefficiency of Container Seaports in South-Eastern Europe. European Transport Research Review 4(4): 235-244.
• Notteboom, T., Coeck, C., Van Den Broech, J. (2000). Measuring and Explaining the relative Efficiency of Container Terminals by Means of Bayesian Stochastic Frontier Models. International Journal of Maritime Economics 2(2): 83-106.
• Oliveira, G.F., Cariou, P. (2011). A DEA Study of the Efficiency of 122 Iron Ore and Coal Ports and of 15/17 Countries in 2005, Maritime Policy & Management: The Flagship Journal of International Shipping and Port Research 38(7): 727-743.
• Reel, Y., Terzi, N. (2008). The Challenges and Opportunities for Turkey’s Port Sector. Management and Education, Academic Journal 4(2): 110-116.
• Rezaei, J., Van Wulfften Palthe, L., Tavasszy, L., Wiegmans, B., van der Laan, F. (2019). Port performance measurement in the context of port choice: an MCDA approach. Manag. Decis. 57 (2): 396–417.
• Tezbaşaran, A.A. (1997). Likert Tipi Ölçek Geliştirme Kılavuzu, s. 56, Ankara, Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
• Tongzon, J. (2001). Efficiency Measurement of Selected Australian and Other International Ports Using Data Envelopment Analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 35(2): 113–128.
• Tovar, B., Wall, A. (2022). The relationship between port-level maritime connectivity and efficiency. Journal of Transport Geography 98, 103213.
• Valentine, V.F., Gray, R. (2000). The Measurement of Port Efficiency Using Data Envelopment Analysis, Special Interest Group on Maritime Transport and Ports, International Workshop, 8-10 June, Genoa, Italy.
• Wang, L. (2011). Study of Port Logistics Marketing Under the Environment of Supply Chain. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(3): 267. Yuen, C.L.A., Zhang, A., Cheung, W. (2012). Port competitiveness from the users’ perspective: an analysis of major container ports in China and its neighboring countries. Res. Transport. Econ. 35 (1): 34–40.

Analysis of Internal and External Factors Affecting Liquid Chemical Cargo Port Efficiency

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 57 – 70, 01.06.2024

Ercan Yüksekyıldız

https://doi.org/10.52998/trjmms.1394521

Öz

The measurement of port efficiency is a crucial requirement in the maritime sector and has been the subject of numerous studies due to its direct impact on international trade. The methods used to determine port efficiency vary depending on the characteristics of the operations under investigation. Depending on which port operations are assessed, port adequacy can be measured in various ways. In the literature, it is evident that port efficiencies are mostly determined using numerical methods. However, when analyzing port efficiency, measuring it solely through numerical processes can lead to misleading results in some cases. To avoid this, it is necessary to analyze non-numerical internal and external factors that affect port efficiency. In this study, non-numerical internal and external factors influencing port efficiency in liquid chemical cargo ports were identified through a literature review and by experts. The identified factors were evaluated through surveys conducted with experts specializing in liquid chemical cargo ports. The survey results were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 statistical software. According to the results obtained from the surveys, factors such as the location and dimensions of the port area, the adequacy of hinterland connections and logistic facilities, well-organized physical surroundings of the port, the use of technological innovations, and the proper functioning of the quality control system were identified as significant factors affecting port efficiency. In addition to these factors, accurate job analysis in the port, satisfactory wages, sufficient education levels, and morale of port personnel were also found to be crucial factors influencing port efficiency.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Port efficiency, Liquid chemical cargo ports, Port analysis, Efficiency analysis

Kaynakça

• Ateş, A. (2010). Türkiye Konteyner Terminallerinde Verimlilik Analizi, Doktora Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
• Barros, C.P., Athanasious, M. (2004). Efficiency in European Seaports with DEA: Evidence for Greece and Portugal. Maritime Economics & Logistics 6(2): 122-140.
• Bayar, S. (2005). Veri Zarflama Analizi Kullanılarak Liman Verimliliğinin Ölçülmesi: Türk Limanlarından Bir Örnek, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Bolat, F. (2010). Marmara Bölgesi Limanlarının Ana (HUB) Liman Özellikleri Yönünden Potansiyellerinin İncelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Çağlar, V. (2012). Türk Özel Limanlarının Etkinlik ve Verimlilik Analizi, Doktora Tezi, DEÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
• Çağlar, V., Esmer, S., Oral, Z.E. (2010). Özelleştirme ve Özelleştirme Aşamasında Olan Limanların Sektörel İncelenmesi, Türkiye’nin Kıyı ve Deniz Alanları VIII. Ulusal Kongresi, Nisan-Mayıs, Bildiriler Kitabı II, pp. 925-935 Trabzon.
• Coto-Millan, P., Banso-Pino, J., Rodriguez-Alvarez, A. (2000). Economic Efficiency in Spanish Ports: Some Empirical Evidence. Maritime Policy and Management 27(2): 169-174.
• Cullinane, K.P.B., Song, D.W., Gray, R. (2002). A Stochastic Frontier Model of the Efficiency of Major Container Terminals in Asia: Accessing the Influence of Administrative and Ownership Structures. Transportation Research Part A 36: 743-762.
• Cullinane, K.P.B., Song, D.W., Ji, P., Wang, T.F. (2004). An Application of DEA Windows Analysis to Container Port Production Efficiency. Review of Network Economics 3(2).
• Cullinane, K.P.B., Wang, T.F., Song, D.W., Ji, P. (2006). The Technical Efficiency of Container Ports: Comparing Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 40, 4.
• Ersoy, Y. (2021). Performance Evaluation in Distance Education by Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and TOPSIS Methods. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 46: 1803–1817.
• Estache, A., Gonzalez, M., Trujillo, L. (2002). Efficiency Gains from Port Reform and the Potential for Yardstick Competition: Lessons from Mexico. World Development 30(4): 545-560.
• Fahim, P.B., Rezaei, J., Montreuil, B., Tavasszy, L. (2022). Port performance evaluation and selection in the Physical Internet. Transport Policy 124: 83-94.
• Frankel, E.G. (1987). Port Planning and Development, New York, John Wiley&Sons.
• Ghiara, H., Tei, A. (2021). Port activity and technical efficiency: determinants and external factors. Maritime Policy & Management 48(5): 711-724.
• Görçün, Ö.F. (2021). Efficiency analysis of Black Sea container seaports: application of an integrated MCDM approach. Maritime Policy & Management 48(5): 672-699.
• Itoh, H. (2002). Efficiency Changes at Major Container Ports in Japan: A Window Application of Data Envelopment Analysis. Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies 14(2): 133–152.
• Likert, R. (1932). A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes. Archives of Psychology 140: 5-55.
• Liu, Z. (1995). The Comparative Performance of Public and Private Enterprises: The Case of British Ports. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 29(3): 263-274.
• Martinez-Budria, E., Diaz, A.R., Navarro, I.M., Ravelo M.T. (1999). A Study of The Efficiency of Spanish Port Authorities Using Data Envelopment Analysis. International Journal of Transport Economics 26(2): 237–253.
• Martínez Moya, J., Feo Valero, M. (2017). Port choice in container market: a literature review. Transport Rev. 37 (3): 300–321.
• Ministry of Maritime Affairs, (2010). Türk Limanları için Liman Yönetim Modeli Oluşturulması Hakkında Rapor, Deniz Ticareti Genel Müdürlüğü, 65 s, Ankara.
• Nazemzadeh, M., Vanelslander, T. (2015). The container transport system: selection criteria and business attractiveness for North-European ports. Marit. Econ. Logist. 17 (2): 221–245.
• Niavis, S., Tsekeris, T. (2012). Ranking and Causes of Inefficiency of Container Seaports in South-Eastern Europe. European Transport Research Review 4(4): 235-244.
• Notteboom, T., Coeck, C., Van Den Broech, J. (2000). Measuring and Explaining the relative Efficiency of Container Terminals by Means of Bayesian Stochastic Frontier Models. International Journal of Maritime Economics 2(2): 83-106.
• Oliveira, G.F., Cariou, P. (2011). A DEA Study of the Efficiency of 122 Iron Ore and Coal Ports and of 15/17 Countries in 2005, Maritime Policy & Management: The Flagship Journal of International Shipping and Port Research 38(7): 727-743.
• Reel, Y., Terzi, N. (2008). The Challenges and Opportunities for Turkey’s Port Sector. Management and Education, Academic Journal 4(2): 110-116.
• Rezaei, J., Van Wulfften Palthe, L., Tavasszy, L., Wiegmans, B., van der Laan, F. (2019). Port performance measurement in the context of port choice: an MCDA approach. Manag. Decis. 57 (2): 396–417.
• Tezbaşaran, A.A. (1997). Likert Tipi Ölçek Geliştirme Kılavuzu, s. 56, Ankara, Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
• Tongzon, J. (2001). Efficiency Measurement of Selected Australian and Other International Ports Using Data Envelopment Analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 35(2): 113–128.
• Tovar, B., Wall, A. (2022). The relationship between port-level maritime connectivity and efficiency. Journal of Transport Geography 98, 103213.
• Valentine, V.F., Gray, R. (2000). The Measurement of Port Efficiency Using Data Envelopment Analysis, Special Interest Group on Maritime Transport and Ports, International Workshop, 8-10 June, Genoa, Italy.
• Wang, L. (2011). Study of Port Logistics Marketing Under the Environment of Supply Chain. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(3): 267. Yuen, C.L.A., Zhang, A., Cheung, W. (2012). Port competitiveness from the users’ perspective: an analysis of major container ports in China and its neighboring countries. Res. Transport. Econ. 35 (1): 34–40.

Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Kaynak Göster

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