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Aḥmed el-Çârperdî’nin Usûl Düşüncesinde İhtilaflı Deliller Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 277 – 308, 30.06.2024
Davut Eşit
https://doi.org/10.47424/tasavvur.1448672
Öz Aḥmed el-Çârperdî (ö. 746/1346), müteahhirîn dönemi Şâfi‘î fakîhlerin-den biridir. Sonradan yerleştiği ve hiç ayrılmadığı Tebriz’de hayatını öğrenci yetiştirme ve eser telif etmeye adamıştır. el-Ḳāḍî Beyḍâvî’nin (öl. 685/1286) en seçkin öğrencisi olarak kabul edilen Çârperdî, Beyḍâvî’nin fıkıh usûlünde kaleme aldığı ve son derece muhtasar olan Minhâcu’l-vuṣûl adlı eserine es-Sirâcu’l-vehhâc adında bir şerh kaleme almıştır. Muteahhirîn dönemi fıkıh usûlünün temel özelliklerinden bir tanesi, meselelerin ve delillerin kelâm, mantık, cedel ve münazara terminolojisi ile kurgulanmasıdır. Çârperdî de Beyḍâvî’nin muhtasar olarak ele aldığı meseleleri ve delilleri, dönemin fıkıh usûlü anlayışı temelinde tartışmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı ittifak edilen deliller olarak adlandırılan Kitâb, sünnet, icmâ‘ ve kıyâsın dışında kalan ve hücciyeti konusunda ihtilaf edilen delilleri merkeze alarak Çârperdî’nin usûl düşüncesini, etkilendiği usûlcüleri ve usûl tartışmalarında kullandığı yöntemi tespit etmektedir. Türkiye’de Çârperdî ile ilgili TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi ve İslam Düşünce Atlası başta olmak üzere sınırlı sayıda birkaç araştırmanın olması, çalışmanın Çârperdî’ye dair usûl merkezli araştırmaların artmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler Fıkıh Usûlü, Beyḍâvî, Çârperdî, es-Sirâcu’l-vehhâc, İhtilaf Edilen Deliller
Kaynakça Âmidî, Ebu’l-Ḥasen Seyfuddîn ‘Alî b. Muḥammed b. Sâlim es-Sa‘lebī. el-İḥkâm fî uṣûli’l-aḥkâm. thk. ‘Abdurrezzāḳ ‘Afīfī. 4 Cilt. Beyrût, Dımaşḳ: el-Mektebetu’l-İslâmî, 2. Basım, 1402. Arıcı, Mustakim. “Bir Biyografinin Yeniden İnşası: Kādî Beyzâvî, İlişki Ağları ve Eserleri”. İslâm İlim ve Düşünce Geleneğinde Kādî Beyzâvî. ed. Mustakim Arıcı. 23-103. Ankara: İSAM Yayınları, 2017. Aslan, Mehmet Selim. “İslam Hukuk Metodolojisinde İstikrâ Yöntemi”. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi 33 (2019), 59-82. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ihad/issue/72107/1216040 Başoğlu, Tuncay. “Fıkıh Usulünde Fahreddin er-Râzî Mektebi”. İslâm Düşüncesinin Dönüşüm Çağında Fahreddin er-Râzî. ed. Ömer Türker- Osman Demir. 243-263. (İstanbul: İSAM Yayınları, 2013). Beyḍâvî, Nâṣıruddîn Ebû Sa’îd (Ebû Muḥammed) Abdullâh b. Ömer b. Muḥammed. Minhâcu’l-vuṣûl ilâ ʿilmi’l-uṣûl. Dimaşḳ: Dâru’l-Beyrûtî, 2009. Bilin, Abdullah. Çârperdî Bibliyografyası. Ankara: İksad Publishing House, 2020. Bilin, Abdullah. İbrahim el-Çârperdî ve Kitâbü’l-Fükûk fî Şerhi’ş-Şükûk Adlı Eserinin Tahkiki ve Tahlili. İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2019. Bilin, Abdullah. “Îcî İle Çârperdî Arasındaki Tartışma ve Arka Planı”. Bitlis İslamiyat Dergisi 1/2 (Aralık 2019), 1-16. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bider/issue/50510/617981 Bingöl, Abdulkuddüs. “İstikrâ”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 23/358-359. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2001. Çârperdî, Faḫruddîn Aḥmed b. Tâcuddîn es-Saʿîd el-Ḥasen b. 'Alî. es-Sirâcu’l-vehhâc fî şerḥi’l-Minhâc. 2 Cilt. Riyâd: Dâru’l-Mi’râcu’d-Duveliyye, 1998. Dönmez, İbrahim Kâfi. “İllet”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 22/117-120. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2000. Eşit, Davut. Şâfi‘î Fıkıh Usûlünün Gelişimi. Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2019. el-Mesellem, Maḥmûd Sened Meşâtil. “el-Edilletu’l-Muḫtelefu fihâ ‘inde’l-İmâmi’ş-Şâfi‘î”. IUG Journal of Sharia and Law Studies 29/2 (2021), 316-334. https://doi.org/10.33976/IUGJSLS.29.2/2021/12 Evdüzen, Osman Said. “Çârperdî”. İslam Düşünce Atlası. 3/1040-1043. İstanbul: Konya Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022. Ġazzâlî, Ebû Ḥâmid Muḥammed b. Muḥammed. el-Mustasfâ İslâm Hukukunda Deliller ve Yorum Metodolojisi. çev. H. Yunus Apaydın. 2 Cilt. Kayseri: Rey Yayıncılık, 1994. Ġazzâlî, Ebû Ḥâmid Muḥammed b. Muḥammed. el-Mustaṣfâ min ‘ilmi’l-uṣûl. 2 Cilt. Ḳâhira: Dâru’l-Ḥadîṣ, 2011. Hacak, Hasan – Çelik, İmam Rabbani. “Kâdî Beydâvî’nin Usûl Düşüncesi”. İslâm İlim ve Düşünce Geleneğinde Kādî Beyzâvî. ed. Mustakim Arıcı. Ankara: İSAM Yayınları, 2017. İbn Ḳâḍî Şuhbe, Ebu’s-Ṣıdḳ Taḳıyyuddîn Ebû Bekr b. Aḥmed b. Muḥammed b. Ömer. Ṭabaḳâtu’ş-Şafi‘îyye. 4 Cilt. Beyrût: ‘Âlemu’l-Kutub, 1987. İbnu’l-Mulaḳḳın, Ebû Ḥafṣ Sirâcuddîn Ömer b. ‘Alî b. Aḥmed. el-‘Akdu’l-muẕheb fî ṭabaḳâti ḥameleti’l-meẕheb. ed. Eymen Naṣr el-Ezherî – Seyyid Mehennâ. Beyrût: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-İlmiyye, 1997. İsnevî, Ebû Muḥammed Cemâluddîn ‘Abdurrahîm b. el-Ḥasen. Ṭabaḳâtu’ş-Şâfi‘îyye. ed. Kemâl Yûsuf el-Ḥût. 2 Cilt. Beyrût: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-İslâmiyye, 1987. Ḳarâfî, Ebû ʿAbbâs Şihâbuddîn Aḥmed b. İdrîs. Nefâisu’l-uṣûl fî şerḥi’l-Maḥṣûl. thk. ʿÂdil Aḥmed ʿAbdulmevcûd-ʿAlî Muḥammed Muʿavvaḍ. 9 Cilt. b.y.: Mektebetu Nizâr Muṣṭafâ',1995. Kızılkaya, Necmettin. “Fıkıh Usulünde Sahabe Fetvasının Kaynaklık Değeri ile İlgili Yaklaşımlar ve Bunların Tahlili”. İLEM Yıllık 4/4 (2009), 29-41. Nas, Taha. İmam Şâfii’ye Göre Sahabe Kavlinin Kaynak Değeri. Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2001. Okuyucu, Nail. Şâfiî Mezhebinin Teşekkül Süreci. İstanbul: M.Ü. İlahiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, 2015. Râzî, Faḫruddîn Muḥammed b. Ömer b. el-Ḥuseyn. el-Maḥṣûl fî ʿilmi ʿuṣûl. 2 Cilt. Beyrût: Dâru’l-Kutubu’l-’İlmiyye, 1999. Subkî, Ebû Naṣr Tâcuddîn İbnu’s-Subkî ‘Abdulvehhâb b. ‘Alî b. Abdilkâfî. Ṭabaḳâtu’ş-Şâfi‘îyyeti’l-kubrâ. ed. Maḥmûd Muḥammed Ṭanâḥî – ‘Abdul-fettâḥ Muḥammed el-Ḥulv. 10 Cilt. Ḳâhira: Maṭba‘âtu ‘İsâ el-Bâbî el- Ḥalebî, 1964. Subkî, Taḳıyuddîn Ebu’l-Ḥasen ʿAlî b ʿAbdulkâfî- Ebû Naṣr Tâcuddîn İbnu’s-Subkî. el-İbhâc fî Şerḥi’l-Minhâc. 3 Cilt. Beyrût: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-ʿİlmiyye, 1984. Şener, Mehmet. “Çârperdî”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 8/230-231. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1993. Tekin, Mahmut. “el-Muğnî fî ‘İlmi’n-Nahv Adlı Eseri Örneğinde Çârperdî’nin İstişhâd Ettiği Şiirler”. Şırnak Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 11/25 (Aralık 2020), 657-681. https://doi.org/10.35415/sirnakifd.782992 Tekin, Ahmet. “Çârperdî’nin el-Muğnî fî ‘İlmi’n-Nahv Adlı Eseri”. II. Atlas Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi. ed. Gökhan Ofluoğlu vd. 284-295. Mardin: İksad Yayınevi, 2019. Türker, Ömer. “Telâzüm”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 40/394. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2011. Yaşar, Mehmet Aziz. “Kavl-i Kadîm ve Kavl-i Cedîd Ayrımının İmam Şâfiî’nin Usûl Anlayışına Yansıması”. Turkish Studies 13/7 (2018), 353-380. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.14061 Ziriklî, Ḫayruddîn b. Maḥmûd b. Muḥammed b. ‘Alî b. Fârs. el-A‘lâm kâm’usu terâcim li-eşheri’r-ricâl ve’n-nisâ mine’l-‘Arab ve’l-Musta‘ribîn ve’l-Musteşriḳîn. 8 Cilt. y.y.: Dâru’l-‘İlm li’l-Melâyîn, 2002. Kur’ân Yolu. Erişim 6 Mart 2024. https://kuran.diyanet.gov.tr
Controversial Evidences in The Uṣūl Thought Of Aḥmad Al-Chārpardī Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 277 – 308, 30.06.2024
Davut Eşit
https://doi.org/10.47424/tasavvur.1448672
Öz Aḥmad al-Chārpardī (d. 746/1346), Shāfi‘ī jurist, was one of the scholars of the period of mutakkhkhirīn. He dedicated his life to teaching students and composing works, settling in Tabriz where he remained for the rest of his life. Recognised as one of the most distinguished students of al-Qāḍī Batḍāwī (d. 685/1286), al-Chārpardī wrote a commentary on al-Bayḍāwī’s concise work on uṣūl al-fiqh entitled Minhāj al-wuṣūl, which he called al-Sirāj al-wahhāj. One of the fundamental characteristics of uṣūl al-fiqh of the mutaakhkhrīn period is the structuring of issues and evidence using the terminology of theology, logic, dialectics and disputation. Based on the systematic approach of al-Bayḍāwī’s work and the understanding of uṣūl al-fiqh of his time, al-Chārpardī discusses the issues and evidence that al-Bayḍawī succinctly addressed. The aim of the study is to determine Chārpardī’s methodology in jurisprudential thought, the scholars who influenced him, and the method he employed in jurisprudential debates by focusing on the evidence that falls outside the unanimously agreed upon evidence, which includes the Qur’ān, Sunna, ijmā‘, qiyās and is subject to debate as to its validity. The limited number of studies on al-Chārpardī in Türkiye, such as those found in the TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi and the İslam Düşünce Atlası, this study is seen as contributing to an increase in research focusing on Chārpardī’s jurisprudential thought.
Anahtar Kelimeler Uṣūl al-Fiqh, al-Bayḍāwī, al-Chārpardī, al-Sirāj al-wahhāj, Controversial Evidences
Kaynakça Âmidî, Ebu’l-Ḥasen Seyfuddîn ‘Alî b. Muḥammed b. Sâlim es-Sa‘lebī. el-İḥkâm fî uṣûli’l-aḥkâm. thk. ‘Abdurrezzāḳ ‘Afīfī. 4 Cilt. Beyrût, Dımaşḳ: el-Mektebetu’l-İslâmî, 2. Basım, 1402. Arıcı, Mustakim. “Bir Biyografinin Yeniden İnşası: Kādî Beyzâvî, İlişki Ağları ve Eserleri”. İslâm İlim ve Düşünce Geleneğinde Kādî Beyzâvî. ed. Mustakim Arıcı. 23-103. Ankara: İSAM Yayınları, 2017. Aslan, Mehmet Selim. “İslam Hukuk Metodolojisinde İstikrâ Yöntemi”. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi 33 (2019), 59-82. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ihad/issue/72107/1216040 Başoğlu, Tuncay. “Fıkıh Usulünde Fahreddin er-Râzî Mektebi”. İslâm Düşüncesinin Dönüşüm Çağında Fahreddin er-Râzî. ed. Ömer Türker- Osman Demir. 243-263. (İstanbul: İSAM Yayınları, 2013). Beyḍâvî, Nâṣıruddîn Ebû Sa’îd (Ebû Muḥammed) Abdullâh b. Ömer b. Muḥammed. Minhâcu’l-vuṣûl ilâ ʿilmi’l-uṣûl. Dimaşḳ: Dâru’l-Beyrûtî, 2009. Bilin, Abdullah. Çârperdî Bibliyografyası. Ankara: İksad Publishing House, 2020. Bilin, Abdullah. İbrahim el-Çârperdî ve Kitâbü’l-Fükûk fî Şerhi’ş-Şükûk Adlı Eserinin Tahkiki ve Tahlili. İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2019. Bilin, Abdullah. “Îcî İle Çârperdî Arasındaki Tartışma ve Arka Planı”. Bitlis İslamiyat Dergisi 1/2 (Aralık 2019), 1-16. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bider/issue/50510/617981 Bingöl, Abdulkuddüs. “İstikrâ”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 23/358-359. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2001. Çârperdî, Faḫruddîn Aḥmed b. Tâcuddîn es-Saʿîd el-Ḥasen b. 'Alî. es-Sirâcu’l-vehhâc fî şerḥi’l-Minhâc. 2 Cilt. Riyâd: Dâru’l-Mi’râcu’d-Duveliyye, 1998. Dönmez, İbrahim Kâfi. “İllet”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 22/117-120. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2000. Eşit, Davut. Şâfi‘î Fıkıh Usûlünün Gelişimi. Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2019. el-Mesellem, Maḥmûd Sened Meşâtil. “el-Edilletu’l-Muḫtelefu fihâ ‘inde’l-İmâmi’ş-Şâfi‘î”. IUG Journal of Sharia and Law Studies 29/2 (2021), 316-334. https://doi.org/10.33976/IUGJSLS.29.2/2021/12 Evdüzen, Osman Said. “Çârperdî”. İslam Düşünce Atlası. 3/1040-1043. İstanbul: Konya Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022. Ġazzâlî, Ebû Ḥâmid Muḥammed b. Muḥammed. el-Mustasfâ İslâm Hukukunda Deliller ve Yorum Metodolojisi. çev. H. Yunus Apaydın. 2 Cilt. Kayseri: Rey Yayıncılık, 1994. Ġazzâlî, Ebû Ḥâmid Muḥammed b. Muḥammed. el-Mustaṣfâ min ‘ilmi’l-uṣûl. 2 Cilt. Ḳâhira: Dâru’l-Ḥadîṣ, 2011. Hacak, Hasan – Çelik, İmam Rabbani. “Kâdî Beydâvî’nin Usûl Düşüncesi”. İslâm İlim ve Düşünce Geleneğinde Kādî Beyzâvî. ed. Mustakim Arıcı. Ankara: İSAM Yayınları, 2017. İbn Ḳâḍî Şuhbe, Ebu’s-Ṣıdḳ Taḳıyyuddîn Ebû Bekr b. Aḥmed b. Muḥammed b. Ömer. Ṭabaḳâtu’ş-Şafi‘îyye. 4 Cilt. Beyrût: ‘Âlemu’l-Kutub, 1987. İbnu’l-Mulaḳḳın, Ebû Ḥafṣ Sirâcuddîn Ömer b. ‘Alî b. Aḥmed. el-‘Akdu’l-muẕheb fî ṭabaḳâti ḥameleti’l-meẕheb. ed. Eymen Naṣr el-Ezherî – Seyyid Mehennâ. Beyrût: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-İlmiyye, 1997. İsnevî, Ebû Muḥammed Cemâluddîn ‘Abdurrahîm b. el-Ḥasen. Ṭabaḳâtu’ş-Şâfi‘îyye. ed. Kemâl Yûsuf el-Ḥût. 2 Cilt. Beyrût: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-İslâmiyye, 1987. Ḳarâfî, Ebû ʿAbbâs Şihâbuddîn Aḥmed b. İdrîs. Nefâisu’l-uṣûl fî şerḥi’l-Maḥṣûl. thk. ʿÂdil Aḥmed ʿAbdulmevcûd-ʿAlî Muḥammed Muʿavvaḍ. 9 Cilt. b.y.: Mektebetu Nizâr Muṣṭafâ',1995. Kızılkaya, Necmettin. “Fıkıh Usulünde Sahabe Fetvasının Kaynaklık Değeri ile İlgili Yaklaşımlar ve Bunların Tahlili”. İLEM Yıllık 4/4 (2009), 29-41. Nas, Taha. İmam Şâfii’ye Göre Sahabe Kavlinin Kaynak Değeri. Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2001. Okuyucu, Nail. Şâfiî Mezhebinin Teşekkül Süreci. İstanbul: M.Ü. İlahiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, 2015. Râzî, Faḫruddîn Muḥammed b. Ömer b. el-Ḥuseyn. el-Maḥṣûl fî ʿilmi ʿuṣûl. 2 Cilt. Beyrût: Dâru’l-Kutubu’l-’İlmiyye, 1999. Subkî, Ebû Naṣr Tâcuddîn İbnu’s-Subkî ‘Abdulvehhâb b. ‘Alî b. Abdilkâfî. Ṭabaḳâtu’ş-Şâfi‘îyyeti’l-kubrâ. ed. Maḥmûd Muḥammed Ṭanâḥî – ‘Abdul-fettâḥ Muḥammed el-Ḥulv. 10 Cilt. Ḳâhira: Maṭba‘âtu ‘İsâ el-Bâbî el- Ḥalebî, 1964. Subkî, Taḳıyuddîn Ebu’l-Ḥasen ʿAlî b ʿAbdulkâfî- Ebû Naṣr Tâcuddîn İbnu’s-Subkî. el-İbhâc fî Şerḥi’l-Minhâc. 3 Cilt. Beyrût: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-ʿİlmiyye, 1984. Şener, Mehmet. “Çârperdî”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 8/230-231. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1993. Tekin, Mahmut. “el-Muğnî fî ‘İlmi’n-Nahv Adlı Eseri Örneğinde Çârperdî’nin İstişhâd Ettiği Şiirler”. Şırnak Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 11/25 (Aralık 2020), 657-681. https://doi.org/10.35415/sirnakifd.782992 Tekin, Ahmet. “Çârperdî’nin el-Muğnî fî ‘İlmi’n-Nahv Adlı Eseri”. II. Atlas Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi. ed. Gökhan Ofluoğlu vd. 284-295. Mardin: İksad Yayınevi, 2019. Türker, Ömer. “Telâzüm”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 40/394. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2011. Yaşar, Mehmet Aziz. “Kavl-i Kadîm ve Kavl-i Cedîd Ayrımının İmam Şâfiî’nin Usûl Anlayışına Yansıması”. Turkish Studies 13/7 (2018), 353-380. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.14061 Ziriklî, Ḫayruddîn b. Maḥmûd b. Muḥammed b. ‘Alî b. Fârs. el-A‘lâm kâm’usu terâcim li-eşheri’r-ricâl ve’n-nisâ mine’l-‘Arab ve’l-Musta‘ribîn ve’l-Musteşriḳîn. 8 Cilt. y.y.: Dâru’l-‘İlm li’l-Melâyîn, 2002. Kur’ân Yolu. Erişim 6 Mart 2024. https://kuran.diyanet.gov.tr Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular İslam Hukuku Bölüm Makaleler Yazarlar Davut Eşit VAN YÜZÜNCÜ YIL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İLAHİYAT FAKÜLTESİ 0000-0003-1366-4650 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 15 Nisan 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1
Kaynak Göster ISNAD Eşit, Davut. “Aḥmed El-Çârperdî’nin Usûl Düşüncesinde İhtilaflı Deliller”. Tasavvur / Tekirdağ İlahiyat Dergisi 10/1 (Haziran 2024), 277-308. https://doi.org/10.47424/tasavvur.1448672.
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