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AHMED III Skip to content (ö. 1149/1736)
Osmanlı padişahı (1703-1730).
IV. Mehmed’in oğlu ve II. Mustafa’nın kardeşi olup annesi Râbia Emetullah Gülnûş Sultan’dır. 22 Ramazan 1084 (31 Aralık 1673) Pazar günü dünyaya geldi. İlk hocası Şeyh-i Sultânî Mehmed Efendi’dir. Daha sonra Seyyid Feyzullah Efendi’nin talebesi oldu. On dört yaşında iken, II. Süleyman’ın tahta çıkarılması üzerine, babası IV. Mehmed ve ağabeyi Mustafa ile birlikte Topkapı Sarayı’ndaki Şimşirlik Dairesi’ne kapatıldı. Daha sonra Edirne’ye nakledilerek amcaları II. Süleyman, II. Ahmed ve ağabeyi II. Mustafa’nın padişahlıkları süresince burada kaldı. Nihayet 1703 Edirne Vak‘ası sırasında, II. Mustafa’yı tahttan indirmek için Edirne’ye yürüyen cebecilerin kendi aralarında müftü tayin ettikleri Mehmed Efendi’nin ısrarı ile, 17 Ağustos 1703 günü âsiler tarafından tahta çıkarılmasına karar verildi ve bir gün sonra Çorlu’da adına hutbe okundu. 22 Ağustos’ta, âsilerin sadrazam tayin ettikleri Kavanoz Ahmed Paşa tarafından Edirne Sarayı’ndan alındı ve ertesi gün kendisine biat merasimi yapıldı. Böylece fiilen tahta geçen III. Ahmed, ilk iş olarak, eski padişah II. Mustafa ve çocuklarının Edirne Sarayı’na kapatılmasına dair hattı çıkarttı ve Dârüssaâde ağası Nezir Ağa’yı azletti. Bu arada, Kavanoz Ahmed Paşa’nın sadrazamlığı ile İmâm-ı Sultânî Mehmed Efendi’nin şeyhülislâmlığını resmen tasdik etti ve âsi reislerinden Çalık Ahmed Ağa’yı vezirlik rütbesiyle yeniçeri ağası yaptı. Edirne Bayezid Camii’nde adına okunan hutbeyi dinledikten sonra, askerin cülûs bahşişi ve aylıkları hususunda çıkan hadiseleri para dağıtmak suretiyle yatıştırdı. Eski şeyhülislâm Feyzullah Efendi’nin katli, çocuklarının ve damatlarının yakalanması, eski vezirlerin uzaklaştırılması gibi olaylardan sonra İstanbul’a hareket etti. 16 Eylül Pazar günü İstanbul’a varan yeni padişah, Edirne’den gelenlerle İstanbul’u bekleyen âsiler arasındaki anlaşmayı müteakip alay ile doğruca Eyüp Sultan’a giderek Hz. Hâlid’in türbesini ziyaret etti ve gelenekler uyarınca Hz. Peygamber’in kılıcını kuşandı; daha sonra törenle Edirnekapı yolundan Topkapı Sarayı’na hareket etti. III. Ahmed’in İstanbul’da ilk karşılaştığı hadise, cebecileri örnek alan yeniçeriler ile bostancıların ayaklanma teşebbüsü olmuş, fakat bu hadise kısa zamanda bastırılmıştır. Bu arada, eski şeyhülislâm Feyzullah Efendi’nin yakını olan devlet adamlarını sürgüne gönderen III. Ahmed, daha sonra kız kardeşi Hatice Sultan ile kocası Moralı Enişte Hasan Paşa’nın yardımlarıyla, tahta çıkarılırken mevki verdiği âsilerin elebaşılarından yeniçeri ağası Vezir Çalık Ahmed Paşa, Sadrazam Kavanoz Ahmed Paşa ve Şeyhülislâm İmâm-ı Sultânî Mehmed Efendi’yi bertaraf ederek bunların tahakkümünden kurtulmuştur. Böylece devlet idaresine tam mânasıyla hâkim olan padişah, etrafa dağılmış veya gizlenmiş âlimlerle eski vezirlerden birçoğuna yeni vazifeler vermiş ve iş başına getirdiği sadrazamlardan Moralı Enişte Hasan Paşa, Kalaylıkoz Ahmed Paşa ve Baltacı Mehmed Paşa’nın ilk sadâreti döneminde daha ziyade devletin iç meseleleriyle meşgul olmuştur.
XVIII. yüzyılın başından itibaren Avrupa’da başlayan Verâset savaşları ile bilhassa Lehistan Krallığı meselesinden dolayı İsveç ile Rusya arasında çıkan muharebelere katılmayarak Osmanlı Devleti’nin tarafsızlığını korumaya çalışan III. Ahmed, doğuda İranlılar’la da dostça münasebetler kurdu. Fakat Rus Çarı Büyük Petro’ya mağlûp olan İsveç Kralı XII. Şarl’ın (Demirbaş Şarl) padişahın haberi olmaksızın Sadrazam Çorlulu Ali Paşa’nın aracılığı ile Osmanlı Devleti’ne sığınması, Rusya’nın Osmanlı topraklarına saldırmasına sebep oldu. Sonuçta, bu saldırı ve Çar Petro’nun 1700 İstanbul Antlaşması hükümlerine riayet etmemesi ve ayrıca Kırım Hanı Devlet Giray’ın teşvik ve tahrikleri, III. Ahmed’in Rusya’ya savaş ilân etmesine yol açtı. Böylece ileride Prut Seferi adını alacak olan Osmanlı-Rus harbi, ordunun 9 Nisan 1711 günü İstanbul’dan hareketiyle başlamış oldu. Baltacı Mehmed Paşa idaresindeki Osmanlı ordusu Kırım kuvvetleriyle birleştikten sonra, Prut nehri üzerinde Falcı mevkiinde Çar Petro kumandasındaki Rus ordusu ile karşılaştı ve büyük bir zafer kazandı. Ancak 23 Temmuz 1711’de imzalanan Prut Antlaşması’nın bilhassa Ruslar tarafından uygulanmaması, Baltacı Mehmed Paşa’nın sadâretten uzaklaştırılmasına ve III. Ahmed’in yeni bir Rus seferi için hazırlattığı ordu ile birlikte Edirne’ye kadar gitmesine yol açtı. Fakat İngiliz elçisi Sutton ve Hollanda elçisi Gallier’in aracılığı ile Prut Antlaşması’nın bir kısım maddeleri uygulama alanına girdiği için yeni bir Rus seferinden vazgeçildi. İsveç Kralı XII. Şarl’ın Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki faaliyetleri, Rusya ile zaman zaman gerginliğe sebep olmuşsa da Silâhdar Ali Paşa’nın sadrazamlığı döneminde Edirne’de Ruslar’la yapılan yeni bir antlaşma (24 Haziran 1713), iki taraf arasındaki anlaşmazlıklara bir süre için de olsa son verdi.
Böylece Rusya’dan Azak ve çevresini geri alan Osmanlı Devleti, 1699 Karlofça Antlaşması’yla Venedik Cumhuriyeti’ne bırakılan Mora yarımadasını da geri almak arzusunu beslemeye ve savaş açmak için uygun bir zaman kollamaya başladı. Bu arada Karadağlılar’ın, Venedikliler’in tahriki ile isyan etmesi ve 1714’te üzerlerine gönderilen Köprülüzâde Nûman Paşa’nın kesin bir sonuç alamaması, ayrıca Enişte Hasan Paşa’ya ait eşyanın Akdeniz’de Venedikliler tarafından yağma edilmesi, savaşın çıkmasını daha da çabuklaştırdı. Nitekim III. Ahmed, Sadrazam Ali Paşa’yı Mora yarımadası ile Akdeniz’deki Venedikliler’in elinde bulunan diğer bazı adaların alınmasına memur etti (8 Aralık 1714) ve Kaptanıderyâ Canım Hoca Mehmed Paşa’yı deniz kuvvetlerini idare etmekle görevlendirdi. Bizzat padişahın Edirne’ye kadar uğurladığı Osmanlı ordusu, Sadrazam Ali Paşa kumandasında, Mora yarımadası üzerindeki şehirleri fethe başladı. Böylece Mora yarımadası Venedikliler’den geri alındığı gibi, Girit’te henüz fethedilmemiş olan Sperlanka, Granbosa, Suda gibi bazı kaleler de ele geçirildi. Bu başarı üzerine, Edirne’de bulunan III. Ahmed 23 Kasım 1715’te İstanbul’a dönmek üzere hareket etti ve İstanbul’da büyük bir merasimle karşılandı. Ancak 1716’da başlayan Körfez (Korfu) Seferi, Avusturyalılar’ın müdahaleleri ve Türk kuvvetlerinin iki cepheye ayrılması yüzünden başarılı olamadı. Sadrazam Damad Ali Paşa’nın Petervaradin’de şehid düşmesi de Osmanlı ordusunun dağılmasına ve III. Ahmed’in Korfu kuşatmasını kaldırmasına yol açtı. Avusturyalılar karşısında, arka arkaya sadârete getirilen Arnavut Halil Paşa ve Kayserili Mehmed Paşa zamanlarında da başarı elde edilemedi. Hatta Macar milliyetçilerinden Erdel Kralı François Rakoczi’nin Avusturya İmparatorluğu’na karşı Macaristan’da bir iç isyan çıkarmak üzere Fransa’dan getirilip Eflak’a gönderilmesi de bir fayda sağlamadı. III. Ahmed bu seferler sırasında Edirne’ye, hatta Sofya’ya kadar gidiyor, kış mevsiminde İstanbul’a geri dönüyordu. Nihayet Avusturyalılar’ın Niş yöresine kadar inmeleri üzerine, Nevşehirli Damad İbrâhim Paşa’nın sadâreti döneminde Pasarofça Antlaşması imzalandı (21 Temmuz 1718). Bu antlaşma ile bir yandan Osmanlı Devleti’nin Sırbistan’da daha fazla toprak kaybetmesi önlenmiş, bir yandan da Osmanlı-Venedik münasebetleri normal şekle sokulmuş oluyordu. Ayrıca Ruslar’a Lehistan meselesinde ve mukaddes yerler konusunda yeni haklar tanındı. Böylece Sadrazam İbrâhim Paşa’nın çabalarıyla batıda ve kuzeyde sükûnet sağlanmış oldu.
Doğuda İran ve Afganlılar’la olan münasebetler, saltanatının son senelerinde III. Ahmed’i en çok meşgul eden siyasî meseleyi teşkil etti. Rusya’nın Hazar denizi sahilleri boyunca İran’a girmek ve Basra körfezine inmek istemesi, Şirvan ve Dağıstan bölgesindeki müslümanların Rus baskısı karşısında III. Ahmed’den himaye talebinde bulunmaları ve İran’ın karışık iç vaziyeti gibi sebeplerle, Osmanlı ordusu doğu sınırında emniyeti sağlamak maksadıyla Batı İran şehirlerine girmek mecburiyetinde kaldı. Hatta Derbent ve Bakü meselelerinden dolayı Osmanlılar’la Ruslar Kafkaslar’ın doğusunda karşı karşıya geldiler. Fakat Fransız elçisi Marquis de Bonnac’ın aracılığı ile 23 Haziran 1724’te İstanbul’da İran Mukāsemenâmesi adı verilen antlaşma imzalandı ve bu antlaşma sonunda Osmanlılar’la Ruslar bir kısım İran şehirlerini aralarında paylaşarak gergin duruma son verdiler. Harekete geçen Osmanlı ordusu Gence, Nahcıvan, Hoy, Revan, Merend, Selmas, Sîne, Kirmanşah, Nihâvend ve Hemedan’ı ele geçirdi. Bu mücadelede yenik düşen II. Tahmasb, İran Mukāsemenâmesi’nin şartlarını kabule mecbur oldu. Ancak antlaşma formalitesi tamamlanmadan İran’ın doğusunda ortaya çıkan Mîr Üveysoğulları, II. Tahmasb’ı tahttan indirerek idareyi ele geçirdiler. Antlaşma şartlarını kabul etmeyen yeni İran hâkimi Eşref Han, İran’ın batı şehirlerinin kendilerine bırakılmasını istiyordu. Bunun üzerine, Kasım 1726’da Nihâvend civarında Osmanlı ordusu ile İran-Afgan kuvvetleri karşı karşıya geldi ve bu muharebede Osmanlılar mağlûp oldu. Eşref Han ile imzalanan 4 Ekim 1727 tarihli Hemedan Mukāsemenâmesi’ne, İran’da vaziyetin karışması ve Osmanlı ordusunun yeni bir sefer hazırlığına başladığı haberinin Hemedan’a ulaşması üzerine, Osmanlılar’ın lehine hükümler konulmuş ise de bu mesele III. Ahmed’in saltanatı için bir dönüm noktası olmuştur.
Doğudaki bu kanlı savaşlar, III. Ahmed ve bilhassa Sadrazam İbrâhim Paşa’ya karşı düşmanlığı arttırmıştı. Nihayet II. Tahmasb’ı himayesi altına alan Afganlı Nâdir Ali Şah’ın ortaya çıkışı ve İran’ın batısındaki şehirlerin bazılarını Osmanlılar’dan geri alıp muhafızlarını öldürmesi, İstanbul’da hükümet ve padişaha karşı olan güvensizliği daha da arttırdı. Ayrıca seferler dolayısıyla ardarda yeni vergilerin konulması, taşradaki asayişsizlik, bilhassa levent eşkıyası ve doğudaki aşiretlerin soygunculuğu neticesi halkın İstanbul’a akını ve şehirde işsizliğin yaygınlaşması, İstanbul esnafının içinde bulunduğu zorluklar gibi daha bazı iktisadî ve sosyal sebepler, devlet idarecilerine karşı umumi bir hoşnutsuzluk doğurdu. Bu sıkıntılı günlerde padişah ve devlet adamlarının ise İstanbul’un çeşitli mesirelerinde eğlenmeleri halkın infialine sebep oldu. Ayrıca, yüksek makamlara devamlı şekilde sadrazam ve şeyhülislâmla bazı vezirlerin yakınlarının getirilmesi, devlet erkânı ve ilmiye ricâli arasında memnuniyetsizliklere yol açtı. Bütün bu hadiselerin ardından Nâdir Ali Şah’ın doğuda başarı elde etmesi, buna karşılık III. Ahmed’in yeni bir sefere taraftar olmaması ve Sadrazam İbrâhim Paşa’nın da sefer işini ağırdan alması üzerine, 1730’da Patrona Halil İsyanı patlak verdi. Bu sırada ordu Haydarpaşa sahrasında bulunduğu için padişah da Üsküdar’da Hatice Sultan’ın konağındaydı. Hadiseyi duyunca, 28 Eylül 1730 gününün gecesi gizlice Topkapı Sarayı’na döndü. III. Ahmed, âsilere karşı başarı elde edilemeyince ertesi gün onların isteklerini kabul etmeye ve damadı Sadrazam Nevşehirli İbrâhim Paşa ile onun damatları Kethüdâ Mehmed Paşa ve Kaptanıderyâ Kaymak Mustafa Paşa’yı boğdurarak âsilere teslim etmeye mecbur oldu. Bir gün sonra ise tahttan zorla feragat ettirilip yerine II. Mustafa’nın oğlu I. Mahmud getirildi ve 1 Ekim 1730 günü, yanında oğulları Mustafa ile Abdülhamid olduğu halde, Topkapı Sarayı’nın tahttan indirilmiş padişahlara mahsus dairesine gönderildi. Hayatının son altı yılını burada geçiren III. Ahmed, 14 Safer 1149’da (24 Haziran 1736) altmış üç yaşında vefat etti. Naaşı, Bahçekapı’da (Eminönü) Yenicami yanında bulunan babaannesi Vâlide Turhan Sultan’ın türbesine defnedildi.
III. Ahmed, yirmi yedi yıllık saltanatı süresince ve bilhassa damadı İbrâhim Paşa’nın sadâreti döneminde, iktisadî ve sosyal meselelerle yenilik hareketlerine büyük ölçüde önem vermiştir. Devrin önde gelen devlet adamlarından Yirmisekiz Çelebi Mehmed Efendi’nin Paris sefâretini müteakip saraya sunduğu raporla Türkiye’de Batılılaşma hareketleri fiilen başlamış bulunuyordu. Her şeyden önce İstanbul’da hayat tarzı geniş ölçüde değişmiş, Paris’ten getirilen planlara göre Kâğıthane çevresiyle Haliç ve Boğaziçi sahillerinde, Üsküdar civarında padişahın hoşuna giden yeni yeni binaların inşasına başlanmıştı. Kâğıthane (Sâdâbâd) arazisi, III. Ahmed devri vezirleri arasında taksim edilmiş ve her vezir kendisine verilen sahada çiçekler ve ağaçlar arasında yeni yeni köşkler yaptırmıştı. III. Ahmed, bahçeyi ve çiçeği seven bir padişah olduğu için “şükûfecilik” denen çiçekçilik onun zamanında bir meslek halini aldı. Sonraları, sembolleşerek o yıllara Lâle Devri denilmesine sebep olan lâle gayet kıymetli bir çiçek haline geldi ve çeşitleri, yetiştirilme usulleri hakkında kitaplar yazıldı. III. Ahmed’in katıldığı Çırağan âlemleri de bu değerli lâlelerle süslü bahçelerde yapıldı. Yalnız Sâdâbâd’da bu nevi yerlerin sayısı 120’yi geçiyordu. Üsküdar’da Şerefâbâd Kasrı, III. Ahmed adına inşa edilmiş ve Kayışdağı’ndan getirilen sular, bu kasrın bahçesinden geçirildikten sonra Üsküdar çeşmelerine dağıtılmıştı.
Deniz yoluyla taşradan gelen yolcuları sağlık bakımından kontrol etmek, yani karantina usulünü uygulamak şekli de Yirmisekiz Çelebi Mehmed Efendi’nin sefâretnâmesinde görüldükten sonra önem kazanmıştı. Diğer taraftan Fransız mühtedisi Gerçek Dâvud Ağa ilk olarak bu devirde Şehzadebaşı’nda Eski Odalar dahilinde Tulumbacı Ocağı’nı kurdu (1722). Bunlardan daha önemlisi, ilk defa Türkçe kitaplar basan bir matbaanın açılmasıdır. İstanbul’da, Selânik’te, İzmir’de, Halep’te gayri müslimlere ait matbaalar bulunuyor, fakat bunlar Türkçe kitap basmıyorlardı. Ancak Macar mühtedilerinden İbrâhim Müteferrika’nın Yirmisekiz Çelebi Mehmed Efendi’nin oğlu Said Efendi ile birlikte gösterdiği büyük gayret ve Sadrazam İbrâhim Paşa’nın himayesi, Şeyhülislâm Yenişehirli Abdullah Efendi’nin fetvası sonucu III. Ahmed’den alınan fermanla, 1727 yılında, ilk defa Türkçe kitap basan bir matbaa kuruldu. Rockfort adındaki bir mühendis subay da Osmanlı ordusunda bazı yenilikler yapmak üzere Üsküdar’da yeni bir ocak kurma teşebbüsünde bulundu. Uzun yıllar Osmanlı ordusuna hizmet eden ve mezarı İstanbul’da bulunan Comte de Bonneval (Humbaracı Ahmed Paşa), Humbaracı Ocağı’nı ıslah için yine bu devirde davet olunmuştu. Yalova’da kâğıt imaline başlanmış, İstanbul’da Tekfur Sarayı’nda 1725’te bir çini fabrikası kurulmuş ve İznik’teki çini ustalarından bazılarının buraya gelerek çalışmaları temin edilmişti. Ayrıca, İstanbul’da mevcut çuha fabrikasının yanında Hatâyî ismi verilen kumaşı dokumak üzere bir başka fabrika daha inşa edilmişti.
III. Ahmed sanata meraklı ve sanatkârı koruyan bir padişahtı. Kendisi devrin meşhur hattatı Hâfız Osman’dan sülüs ve nesih, Veliyyüddin Efendi’den de ta‘lik meşketmiş iyi bir hattat olduğu gibi, zamanının hat üstatlarını da himaye ve teşvik etmiştir. Sütlüce’de bulunan sarayın harem kapısı üzerindeki kitâbe, Sultanahmet’te Bâb-ı Hümâyun önünde mevcut meşhur çeşme ile Üsküdar meydanında inşa edilen çeşmenin kitâbeleri ve Sarây-ı Hümâyun’da Arz Odası üzerindeki besmele III. Ahmed’in kendi el yazılarıdır. Ağustos 1729’da yanan Drağman (Tercüman Yunus) Tekkesi’ni yeniden yaptırıp tevhidhânesi içine kendine ait olan bir beyti, dışına da bizzat kendi kalemi ile yazdığı ”فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللهُ“ (Muhammed 47/19) âyetini koydurmuştur. Celî hat ile yazdığı ve Tozkondurmaz Mustafa Ağa’nın tezhip ettiği levhaları da bazı selâtin camilerine asılmış, yine kendisinin yazdığı iki mushaf Ravza-i Mutahhara’ya gönderilmiştir. Topkapı Sarayı’nda kendi yaptırdığı kitaplıkta bulunan on dört sayfalık sülüs celîsi ile kaleme alınmış murakka‘ da onun eseridir.
III. Ahmed, damadı Sadrazam İbrâhim Paşa ile birlikte, başta Nedîm olmak üzere Seyyid Vehbî, İzzet Ali, Neylî Ahmed, Vak‘anüvis Râşid Mehmed, Küçük Çelebizâde İsmâil Âsım, Nahîfî, Sâmi gibi bu devrin birçok şairini himaye ve taltif ederken kendisi de Necîb mahlası ile şiirler yazıyordu. Yanyalı Esad Efendi, Heratlı Kābızî Efendi, Mansûrîzâde müderris Fasîhî Efendi, İshak Efendi, Şam kadısı Medhî Efendi, Halep kadısı İlmî Efendi, Selânik kadısı Müstecirzâde Abdullah Efendi, Kara Halilzâde Mehmed Said Efendi ve şair Nedîm gibi ilim, fikir ve edebiyat adamlarından kurulu bir heyet devamlı olarak toplanıyor, Doğu ve Batı dillerindeki eserlerden tercümeler yapıyordu. Fransızca’dan bazı eserler ilk defa bu devirde Türkçe’ye çevrildiği gibi Türkçe’den Fransızca’ya tercüme edilerek basılan edebî kitaplar da vardır. Henüz Avrupa’da çiçek aşısının keşfedilmediği o devirde, İstanbul’da çiçek hastalığını tedavi edebilecek bilgili doktorlar bulunuyordu. Nitekim çiçeğe yakalanmış olan padişahı, devrin doktorlarından Seretıbbâ Mehmed Efendi, Tabip Süleyman Efendi ve Ömer Efendi, Reîsületıbbâ Müneccimbaşı Mehmed Efendi ile diğer müslüman ve hıristiyan bazı doktorlar tedavi etmişlerdi.
III. Ahmed ayrıca, Sarây-ı Hümâyun’da, iç hazine ve Has Oda hazinesi ile Harem Dairesi’nde dağınık vaziyette bulunan kıymetli kitapları bir araya toplatarak bunları koymak üzere, Arz Odası’nın arkasındaki II. Selim’e ait beyaz mermer havuzlu bahçenin yerine müstakil bir kütüphane inşa ettirdi. Bundan başka annesi Râbia Emetullah Gülnûş Sultan için Üsküdar’da Yeni Vâlide Camii ile bunun yanında bir sebil, çeşme, sıbyan mektebi ve bir imarethâne yaptırdı. İstanbul’da Bahçekapı’da Büyük Vâlide Turhan Hatice Sultan Türbesi yanında ikinci bir kütüphane, Ayasofya meydanında, bugün III. Ahmed Çeşmesi diye meşhur olan dört cepheli ve süslü çeşmeyi, Üsküdar’da İskele Meydanı’ndaki büyük çeşmeyi ve Kâğıthane’de Çağlayan önünde, şair Nedîm’in “Çeşme-i nevpeydâ” adını verdiği üçüncü bir çeşme yaptırdı. Ayrıca, Galata Sarayı’nın tamiri ve vakıf şartlarının değiştirilmesiyle bu sarayın dışında bir cami, Boğaziçi’nde Bebek’te diğer bir cami ve altında bir mektep ile çeşme, Hasköy-Kasımpaşa arasında, Aynalıkavak’ta köprü başında ve annesine ait olan Galata Yenicamii’nin güney cephesindeki avlu kapısının dışında yine bir çeşme yaptırdı. Okmeydanı’nda, Fâtih Sultan Mehmed adına yapılmış olan caminin minberinin, Kızkulesi fenerinin ve 1720’de yanan Cihangir Camii’nin tamirleri, Dolmabahçe’de sahil yolunun kapatılarak Fındıklı-Beşiktaş yolunun arkadan geçirilmesi işleri bu padişahın emriyle yapılmıştır.
Osmanlı padişahları arasında en fazla evlenenlerden biri de III. Ahmed’dir. Hanımlarından birçok oğlu olmuşsa da bunların büyük bir kısmı küçük yaşta ölmüştür. Oğullarından sadece Mustafa (III. Mustafa) ile Abdülhamid (I. Abdülhamid) padişah olmuşlardır. III. Ahmed kızları vasıtasıyla Silâhdar Ali Paşa, Nevşehirli İbrâhim Paşa, Şehid Ali Paşa, Kaptanıderyâ Küçük Mustafa Paşa, İstanbullu Mehmed Paşa, Sarı Mustafa Paşa, Nevşehirlizâde Mehmed Paşa gibi vezirleriyle de akrabalık kurmuştur.
III. Ahmed aynı zamanda iyi bir nişancı idi; seksen beş adımdan tek atışta bir altın dinarı tüfekle vurduğu, dokuz yüz geze (arşın) ok atıp Okmeydanı’nda adına taş diktirdiği bilinmektedir.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
Naîmâ, Târih , VI, 21-22.
Silâhdar, Târih , I, 631; II, 295-298, 566-567, 644-729.
a.mlf., Nusretnâme , İÜ Ktp., TY, nr. 5983.
Râşid, Târih , I, 356; III, tür.yer.; IV, tür.yer.; V, 213-214, 300-303.
Sâlim, Tezkire , İstanbul 1315, s. 52 vd.
Küçük Çelebizâde Âsım, Târih , İstanbul 1282, tür.yer.
Ayvansarâyî, Hadîkatü’l-cevâmi‘ , I, 20, 148, 300-303; II, tür.yer.
Müstakimzâde, Tuhfe , s. 76-78, 99, 301, 436, 465.
Hüseyin Kâmî Hanyevî, Girid Târihi , İstanbul 1288, I, 42.
Habîb, Hat ve Hattâtân , İstanbul 1305, s. 94.
Mehmed Râif, Mir’ât-ı İstanbul , İstanbul 1314, tür.yer.
Ahmed Refik, Lâle Devri (1130-1143) , İstanbul 1331, s. 34-35.
İzzet Kumbaracılar, İstanbul Sebilleri , İstanbul 1938, s. 35.
Tanışık, İstanbul Çeşmeleri , I, 134; II, 42-47, 302, 322-324, 492.
M. Lucille Shay, The Ottoman Empire from 1720-1734 as Revealed in Despatches of Venetian Baili , Urbana 1944, s. 20-22.
Uzunçarşılı, Osmanlı Tarihi , IV/1, tür.yer.
Münir Aktepe, Patrona İsyanı 1730 , İstanbul 1958, tür.yer.
M. Çağatay Uluçay, Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları , Ankara 1980, s. 65-66, 79-80, 83-95.
Mehmet İpşirli, “Lâle Devrinde Teşkil Edilen Tercüme Heyetine Dair Bazı Gözlemler”, Osmanlı İlmî ve Meslekî Cemiyetleri , İstanbul 1987, s. 33-42.
Enver Ziya Karal, “Ahmed III.”, İA , I, 165-168.
Semavi Eyice, “İstanbul”, İA , V/2, s. 1214/111-113.
H. Bowen, “Aḥmad III”, EI2 (İng.) , I, 268-271.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 1989 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 2. cildinde, 34-38 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.