American Indians and Environmentalism: The Problematics of the Land Ethic Stereotype

Yıl 1998, Sayı: 8, 3 – 12, 01.10.1998

Öz

These alternative perspectives attributed to Native Americans result in large part from representations imposed on American Indian cultures by non-Natives. And these perspectives are at work both in the somewhat facile but popular and long-enduring collections of Native American excerpts, works such as Touch the Earth: A Self Portrait of Indian Existence 1971 compiled by T. C. McLuhan, or the more recent collections such as Joseph Bruchac’s Native Wisdom 1995 , or Anne Schaef’s Native Wisdom for White Minds 1995 . Native American Wisdom 1993 , another work, is a tiny, toy-like book which includes photographs by Edward Curtis. Although many of the Curtis photographs were taken in the early twentieth century Curtis completed his multi-volume study The North American Indian in 1930 , they are meant to represent the subjects as they supposedly existed in some imagined pristine, pretwentieth-century state. The photographs are meant to preserve what Curtis saw as dying cultures

Kaynakça

  • Allen, Paula Gunn. “Iyani: It Goes This Way.” The Remembered Earth. Ed. Geary Hobson. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1979. 191-193.
  • Backus, Joseph. “The White Man Will Never Be Alone.” Studies in American IndianLiterature. Ed. Paula Gunn Allen. New York: Modern Language Association, 1983.
  • Bruchac, Joseph. Native Wisdom. San Francisco: Harper, 1995.
  • Callicott, J. Baird. In Defense of the Land Ethic. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.
  • Dances with Wolves. With Kevin Costner. Guild/Tig. 1990.
  • Deloria, Vine, Jr. God is Red. First Edition. New York: Grosset, 1973.
  • —–. God is Red: A Native View of Religion. Revised Edition. Golden, CO: Fulcrum, 1994.
  • Dorris, Michael. “Indians in Aspic.” New York Times. 24 Feb. 1991. Op. Ed. IV, 17:1. Egan, Timothy. “An Indian Without Reservations.” New York Times Magazine. 18 Jan. 1998 16-19.
  • Gill, Sam. “Mother Earth: An American Myth.” The Invented Indian. Ed. James A. Clifton. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1990. 129-143.
  • Harjo, Joy. “My House is the Red Earth.” Poetic Justice. Red Horse Records, 1996.
  • Hogan, Linda. “Creations.” Dwellings: A Spiritual History of the Living World. New York: Touchstone, 1995. 77-98.
  • Hill, ElizaBeth. “Seven Generations.” Legends. First Nations Music, n.d. The Last of the Dogmen. With Tom Berenger and Barbara Hersey. Savoy. 1995.
  • Lewis, David Rich. “Native American and the Environment: A Survey of Twentieth-Century Issues.” American Indian Quarterly. 19 (Summer 1995): 423-450.
  • Martin, Calvin. Keepers of the Game. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.
  • Martin, Lawrence. “What Is Going to Happen to the Indian?” Wapistan. First Nations Music, 1994.
  • McGaa, Ed. Mother Earth Spirituality. San Francisco: Harper, 1990.
  • McLuhan, T. C., comp. Touch the Earth: A Self-Portrait of Indian Existence. New York: Promontory, 1971.
  • Momaday, N. Scott. “An American Land Ethic.” Ecotactics: The Sierra Club Handbook for Environmental Activists. Ed. John G. Mitchel. New York: Trident, 1970. 97-105.
  • —–. “Native American Attitudes toward the Environment.” Seeing with the Native Eye. Ed. Walter Capps. New York: Harper, 1976. 79-85.
  • Native American Wisdom. Philadelphia: Running Press, 1994.
  • Neihardt, John G. Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Oglala Sioux. 1932. New York: Pocket Books, 1972.
  • Owens, Louis. Other Destinies. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992.
  • Porter, Murray. “Colours” 1492: Who Found Who. First Nations Music. n.d.
  • Regan, Tom. All That Dwell There. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.
  • Schaef, Anne Wilson. Native Wisdom for White Minds. New York: Ballantine, 1995.
  • Vizenor, Gerald. “The Tragic Wisdom of Salamanders.” Sacred Trusts. Ed. Michael Katakis. 1993. Rpt. Shadow Distance. Hanover: Wesleyan University Press, 1994. 194-209.
  • Yoffe, Emily. “The Silence of the Frogs.” New York Times Magazine. 13 Dec. 1992: 36-39+.

Yıl 1998, Sayı: 8, 3 – 12, 01.10.1998

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Allen, Paula Gunn. “Iyani: It Goes This Way.” The Remembered Earth. Ed. Geary Hobson. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1979. 191-193.
  • Backus, Joseph. “The White Man Will Never Be Alone.” Studies in American IndianLiterature. Ed. Paula Gunn Allen. New York: Modern Language Association, 1983.
  • Bruchac, Joseph. Native Wisdom. San Francisco: Harper, 1995.
  • Callicott, J. Baird. In Defense of the Land Ethic. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.
  • Dances with Wolves. With Kevin Costner. Guild/Tig. 1990.
  • Deloria, Vine, Jr. God is Red. First Edition. New York: Grosset, 1973.
  • —–. God is Red: A Native View of Religion. Revised Edition. Golden, CO: Fulcrum, 1994.
  • Dorris, Michael. “Indians in Aspic.” New York Times. 24 Feb. 1991. Op. Ed. IV, 17:1. Egan, Timothy. “An Indian Without Reservations.” New York Times Magazine. 18 Jan. 1998 16-19.
  • Gill, Sam. “Mother Earth: An American Myth.” The Invented Indian. Ed. James A. Clifton. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1990. 129-143.
  • Harjo, Joy. “My House is the Red Earth.” Poetic Justice. Red Horse Records, 1996.
  • Hogan, Linda. “Creations.” Dwellings: A Spiritual History of the Living World. New York: Touchstone, 1995. 77-98.
  • Hill, ElizaBeth. “Seven Generations.” Legends. First Nations Music, n.d. The Last of the Dogmen. With Tom Berenger and Barbara Hersey. Savoy. 1995.
  • Lewis, David Rich. “Native American and the Environment: A Survey of Twentieth-Century Issues.” American Indian Quarterly. 19 (Summer 1995): 423-450.
  • Martin, Calvin. Keepers of the Game. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.
  • Martin, Lawrence. “What Is Going to Happen to the Indian?” Wapistan. First Nations Music, 1994.
  • McGaa, Ed. Mother Earth Spirituality. San Francisco: Harper, 1990.
  • McLuhan, T. C., comp. Touch the Earth: A Self-Portrait of Indian Existence. New York: Promontory, 1971.
  • Momaday, N. Scott. “An American Land Ethic.” Ecotactics: The Sierra Club Handbook for Environmental Activists. Ed. John G. Mitchel. New York: Trident, 1970. 97-105.
  • —–. “Native American Attitudes toward the Environment.” Seeing with the Native Eye. Ed. Walter Capps. New York: Harper, 1976. 79-85.
  • Native American Wisdom. Philadelphia: Running Press, 1994.
  • Neihardt, John G. Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Oglala Sioux. 1932. New York: Pocket Books, 1972.
  • Owens, Louis. Other Destinies. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992.
  • Porter, Murray. “Colours” 1492: Who Found Who. First Nations Music. n.d.
  • Regan, Tom. All That Dwell There. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.
  • Schaef, Anne Wilson. Native Wisdom for White Minds. New York: Ballantine, 1995.
  • Vizenor, Gerald. “The Tragic Wisdom of Salamanders.” Sacred Trusts. Ed. Michael Katakis. 1993. Rpt. Shadow Distance. Hanover: Wesleyan University Press, 1994. 194-209.
  • Yoffe, Emily. “The Silence of the Frogs.” New York Times Magazine. 13 Dec. 1992: 36-39+.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
BölümResearch Article
Yazarlar

Lee SCHWENİNGER

Yayımlanma Tarihi1 Ekim 1998
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 1998 Sayı: 8

Kaynak Göster

MLASCHWENİNGER, Lee. “American Indians and Environmentalism: The Problematics of the Land Ethic Stereotype”. Journal of American Studies of Turkey, sy. 8, 1998, ss. 3-12.

Download or read online: Click here