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Anadolu Türk Mimarisinde Taşçı İşaretleri: Genel Bir Literatür Değerlendirmesi Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 171 – 261, 22.08.2024
Ali Riza Bilgin , Süreyya Eroğlu Bilgin
https://doi.org/10.29135/std.1404193
Öz Taşçı işaretleri, bir yapının inşası sırasında -taş ocağında ya da şantiyede- o yapıda kullanılacak taşları kesen kişi veya kişilerce taş üzerine kazınmış veya boyanmış işaretlerdir. Anadolu Selçuklu, Beylikler ve Osmanlı dönemi mimarisinde, kâgir yapı geleneğinin bir parçası olan taşçı işaretleri, kesme taş malzemeyle inşa edilmiş yapıların birçoğunda görülmektedir. Çoğunlukla Anadolu Selçuklu ve Beylikler dönemi mimari eserlerinde rastladığımız, Osmanlı döneminde bir hayli azalan taşçı işaretlerinin kullanımı bir süre sonra terk edilmiştir. Taşçı işaretlerinin kullanım amaçlarına yönelik en ayrıntılı ve kesin bilgiler, bu alanda kuzeybatı Avrupa ve Britanya’da yapılmış yayınlardan elde edilmektedir İngiltere’deki yapıları konu edinen bazı yayınlarda taşçı işaretinin kullanım amacının açıklığa kavuşturulduğu ve işareti yapan ustanın isminin dahi belirlenebildiği görülmektedir. Bu sonuca ulaşabilmekteki en büyük etken hiç şüphesiz taşçı işaretlerine dair yazılı kaynakların varlığıdır. Anadolu’da, özellikle Selçuklu Devleti döneminde yoğun bir biçimde kullanıldığı görülen taşçı işaretlerinin değerlendirilmesi bu dönem mimarisinde rol oynamış sanatçı, bani ve mimarlara dair bilinmezlere ışık tutabilir. Bu husustaki en önemli sorunlardan biri Anadolu Türk mimarisinde görülen taşçı işaretlerine dair katalog ve yazılı belge eksikliğidir. Bu çalışmada Anadolu Türk mimarisindeki taşçı üzerine yapılmış yayınlar ve özetleri bir başlık altında derlenerek, bu yayınlarda yer alan işaretler form benzerlikleri yönünden kendi aralarında sınıflandırılmış ve bir tablo halinde düzenlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda ele alınan taşçı işaretleri, meseleyi geniş bir perspektiften ele alarak istatistikî veriler eşliğinde yeniden değerlendirilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler Taşçı İşaretleri, Anadolu Selçuklu Mimarisi, Osmanlı Mimarisi, Sanat Tarihi Literatürü, Beylikler Dönemi Mimarisi, Taşçı işaretleri
Kaynakça Acun, H. (1990). Sivas-Kangal Alacahan Menzilhanı. Osmanlı Tarihi, 5, 2369-2389. Akalın, Ş. (1988). Karatay Han’ın Mimari Tarihi İçinde Değerlendirilmesi (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi) İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Bakırer, Ö. (2002). Anadolu Selçuklu Dönemi Mimarisinde Taşçı İşaretleri. 59-70. Baş, A. (2014). Kayseri Cırgalan Hanı. M. M. Hülagü, A. Yuvalı, A. Aktan, E. Yoska, & M. Kapanşahin (Ed.), Selçuklu Tarihi Kültür ve Medeniyet Bildiriler I, 99-121, Türk Tarih Kurumu. Beaujean, B. L. A., & Doperé, F. (2023). How Marks Pave(d) the Way: Stonemasons’ Marks and Stone Carving Techniques in Roman Sagalassos (South-Western Asia Minor). European Journal of Archaeology, 26(4), 486-508. https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2022.54 Belle, J.-L. V. (2001). Signes Gravés, Signes Écrits, Signes Reproduits. SIGNO. Revista de Historia de la Cultura Escrita, 8, 211-247. Beyazıt, M. (2014). Ai̇zanoi̇ Anti̇k Kenti̇nde Bulunan Graffi̇ti̇lerde Kopuz ve Âşıklar. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi, 23(1), 83-119. Binan, D. U. (2000a). Altı Asırlık Bir Belge, Bursa Ulu Camisi. Arradamento-Mimarlık, 146-155. Binan, D. U. (2000b). Osmanlıda Beylikten İmparatorluğa Geçişte Yapı Üretim Süreci ve İlişkileri Üzerine Bir Deneme. N. Akın, A. Batur, & S. Batur (Ed.), Osmanlı Mimarlığının 7 Yüzyılı, Uluslarüstü Bir Miras, 108-117, Yem Yayınları. Binan, D. U. (2001). Ortaçağ Anadolu Türk Mimarisinde Taşçı İşaretleri ve Koruma Sorunları. İçinde H. Sezgin (Ed.), Taç Vakfı’nın 25 Yılı: Anı Kitabı: Türkiye’de Risk Altındaki Doğal ve Kültürel Miras, 119-136, Türkiye Anıt Çevre Turizm Değerlerini Koruma Vakfı. Binan, D. U. (2008). Ortaçağ Anadolu Türk Mimarisi’nde Taşçı İşaretlerinin Tanımlama, Belgeleme ve Değerlendirilmesi (N. Yılmaz, H. Yıldız, & E. Er, Ed.). Mimarlar Odası Antalya Şubesi. Binan, D. U., & Binan, C. (2009). Ağzıkara Han Örneğinde Anadolu Selçuklu Dönemi Taşçı İşaretlerinin Belgelenmesi Üzerine Sistematik Bir Yaklaşım. Adalya, XII, 319-345. Bulat, S. (2015). Doğubayazıt İshak Paşa Sarayı’nda Bulunan Taşçı İşaretleri. Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32, 77-92. Çayırdağ, M. (1982). Kayseri’de Selçuklu ve Beylikler Devri Binalarında Bulunan Taşçı İşaretleri. Türk Etnografya Dergisi, XVII, 79-109. Çayırdağ, M. (2000). Kayseri’nin Yazır Köyü’nde Bir Selçuklu Mescidi: Yazır Camii. Belleten, 64(239), 59-62. Çayırdağ, M. (2011). İncesu Çevresinde Selçuklu ve Beylikler Dönemine Ait Yedi Zaviye (Tekke) Türbe. 183-216. Davis, R. H. C. (1954). A Catalogue of Masons’ Marks as an Aid to Architectural History. Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 17(1), 43-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/00681288.1954.11894779 Erdmann, K. (1961). Das anatolische Karavansaray des 13. Jahrhunderts (C. 1). Verlag Gebr. Mann. Gabriel, A.-L. (1931). Monuments Turcs d’Anatolie: Kayseri-Niğde (C. 1). Gabriel, A.-L. (1934). Monuments Turcs d’Anatolie: Amasya-Tokat et Sivas (C. 2). Gabriel, A.-L. (1940). Voyages Archéologiques dans la Turquie Orientale: Mardin-Diyarbekir- provinces au-dela du Tigre, Harput, Malatya, Urfa (C. 1). E. de Boccard. Gi̇tal, B. D. (2017). Yapılcan Köyü Hıdırlık Türbesi̇ndeki̇ El Tasvi̇rleri̇. The Journal of Academic Social Sciences, 63(63), 615-634. https://doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.13287 Gülensoy, T. (1992). Türk Kültür Tarihinde Damgalar ve Taşçı İşaretleri. 137-207. Günaşdı, Y. (2015). Erzurum Kalesi̇nde Tespi̇t Edi̇len Usta Monogramları. Belgü, 2, 223-252. Johansen, E. M. (2016). Rūmselçuk Caravanserais of Anatolia. Johansen, E. M. (2017). Zazadin Han Caravanserai: An architectural research of a Rūmselçuk Caravanserai on the medieval trade routes of Anatolia. Kowalewska, A., & Eisenberg, M. (2019). Masons’ Marks of Antiochia Hippos. Tel Aviv, 46(1), 108-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2019.1587226 Redford, S. (2007). The Kıble Wall of the Kargı Hanı. Adalya, 10, 351-368. Reveyron, N. (2003). “Marques lapidaires”: The State of the Question. Gesta, 42(2), 161-170. https://doi.org/10.2307/25067084 Sönmez, Z. (1995). Başlangıcından 16. Yüzyıla Kadar Anadolu Türk-İslam Mimarisinde Sanatçılar. Türk Tarih Kurumu. Spratt, T. A. B., & Forbes, E. (1847). Travels in Lycia, Milyas, and the Cibyratis (C. 1). John Van Voorst, Paternoster Row. Şahin, M. K. (2001). Tercan-Mama Hatun Külli̇yesi̇’ndeki̇ Taşçı İşaretleri̇. İçinde M. Denktaş & Y. Özbek (Ed.), Prof. Dr. Zafer BAYBURTLUOĞLU Armağanı Sanat Yazıları, 509-536, Kayseri Büyükşehir Belediyesi. Şahin, M. K. (2017). Eski̇şehi̇r Seyi̇tgazi̇ Kümbet Köyünde Bulunan Hi̇mmet Baba Kümbet Baba Kümbeti̇ Üzeri̇ne Yeni̇ Düşünceler. 2, 622-652. Turan, Ş. (1963). Osmanlı Teşki̇lâtında Hassa Mi̇marları. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 159-200. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarar_0000000316 Tükel, A. (1969). Alara Han’ın Tanıtılması ve Değerlendirilmesi. Belleten, 33(132), 429-460. Ünal, R. H. (1970). Iğdır Yakınlarında Bir Selçuklu Kervansarayı ve Doğubayezıd-Batum Kervan Yolu Hakkında Notlar. Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı, 3, 7-15. Yelen, R. (2019). Selçuklu Çağı Anadolu Mi̇mari̇si̇nde Malzeme ve Tekni̇k (Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu). (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Yıldırım, S. P. (2017). II. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev Dönemi Mimari Eserleri. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Gazi̇ Üni̇versi̇tesi̇ Sosyal Bi̇li̇mler Ensti̇tüsü. Yurdakul, E., & Çayırdağ, M. (2007). Kayseri, Battal Gazi Camii ve Kırk Kızlar Türbesi. Vakıflar Dergisi, XXX, 273-294.
Stonemasons' Marks in Anatolian Turkish Architecture: a General Literature Review Yıl 2024, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 171 – 261, 22.08.2024
Ali Riza Bilgin , Süreyya Eroğlu Bilgin
https://doi.org/10.29135/std.1404193
Öz This study investigates the use of stonemasons’ marks in Anatolian Turkish architecture, spanning the Seljuk, Beyliks, and Ottoman periods. It focuses on marks found on cut stone elements within these structures. The presence of these marks demonstrably declines from the Seljuk and Beyliks eras to the Ottoman period, eventually disappearing altogether. Stonemasons’ marks, engraved or painted on stones by individual masons or working groups, served various purposes. These marks could be created either at the quarry or the construction site, or potentially at both locations. While the use of stonemasons’ marks has been extensively documented and analyzed in Northwest European and British architectural traditions, research on their application in Anatolia remains relatively underdeveloped. This disparity can be attributed to the scarcity of written sources and the lack of comprehensive catalogues dedicated to these markings in the region. This paper aims to bridge this gap in scholarship by systematically examining documented stonemasons’ marks and their potential to illuminate the roles of individual artisans, master builders, and architects within Anatolian Turkish architectural traditions. This paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of stonemasons and their practices within Anatolian Turkish architectural traditions. By analysing documented stonemasons’ marks, particularly those prevalent during the Seljuk period, the research seeks to shed light on the roles of individual artisans, master craftsmen, and architects. The paper accomplishes this by: Summarizing existing publications on stonemasons’ marks in Anatolian Turkish architecture, redrafting existing mark illustrations due to potential quality issues in earlier publications and compiling and organizing documented marks into tables. There are tow tables in this paper and the first one details the origin of each mark, including the specific building and its corresponding bibliographic reference. The second table provides redrawn illustrations of the collected marks, along with corresponding catalogue numbers referenced in the first table. This catalogue numbering system employs a spatial coordinate approach similar to chessboard notation, ensuring each mark has a unique identifier. The paper further analyses the collected data, focusing primarily on marks from the Seljuk period (particularly those associated with structures built under the reigns of Alaeddin Keykubad I and Gıyâseddin Keyhusrev II during the 13th century). Additionally, it examines the building types with the highest frequency of stonemasons’ marks (caravanserais in this case). By analyzing the compiled data, particularly the prevalence of marks during the Seljuk period, the paper proposes several hypotheses to explain this phenomenon. Firstly, the extensive building projects undertaken by Seljuk rulers may have necessitated a more structured organization of stonemasons, leading to a more consistent use of identification marks. Secondly, the focus on public infrastructure projects like caravanserais during this period could have provided greater opportunities for individual masons to leave their mark on prominent structures. Furthermore, the decline in the use of stonemasons’ marks during the Ottoman period merits further exploration. This shift could be attributed to changes in stonemasonry practices, the adoption of new building materials, or a potential transformation in the social hierarchy of stonemasons within Ottoman guild structures. Further research that delves into documentary sources and comparative studies with other Islamic architectural traditions could shed light on these reasons.
Anahtar Kelimeler Stonemasons’ Marks, Anatolian Seljuk Architecture, Ottoman Architecture, Literature of Art History, Anatolian Beyliks Architecture
Kaynakça Acun, H. (1990). Sivas-Kangal Alacahan Menzilhanı. Osmanlı Tarihi, 5, 2369-2389. Akalın, Ş. (1988). Karatay Han’ın Mimari Tarihi İçinde Değerlendirilmesi (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi) İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Bakırer, Ö. (2002). Anadolu Selçuklu Dönemi Mimarisinde Taşçı İşaretleri. 59-70. Baş, A. (2014). Kayseri Cırgalan Hanı. M. M. Hülagü, A. Yuvalı, A. Aktan, E. Yoska, & M. Kapanşahin (Ed.), Selçuklu Tarihi Kültür ve Medeniyet Bildiriler I, 99-121, Türk Tarih Kurumu. Beaujean, B. L. A., & Doperé, F. (2023). How Marks Pave(d) the Way: Stonemasons’ Marks and Stone Carving Techniques in Roman Sagalassos (South-Western Asia Minor). European Journal of Archaeology, 26(4), 486-508. https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2022.54 Belle, J.-L. V. (2001). Signes Gravés, Signes Écrits, Signes Reproduits. SIGNO. Revista de Historia de la Cultura Escrita, 8, 211-247. Beyazıt, M. (2014). Ai̇zanoi̇ Anti̇k Kenti̇nde Bulunan Graffi̇ti̇lerde Kopuz ve Âşıklar. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi, 23(1), 83-119. Binan, D. U. (2000a). Altı Asırlık Bir Belge, Bursa Ulu Camisi. Arradamento-Mimarlık, 146-155. Binan, D. U. (2000b). Osmanlıda Beylikten İmparatorluğa Geçişte Yapı Üretim Süreci ve İlişkileri Üzerine Bir Deneme. N. Akın, A. Batur, & S. Batur (Ed.), Osmanlı Mimarlığının 7 Yüzyılı, Uluslarüstü Bir Miras, 108-117, Yem Yayınları. Binan, D. U. (2001). Ortaçağ Anadolu Türk Mimarisinde Taşçı İşaretleri ve Koruma Sorunları. İçinde H. Sezgin (Ed.), Taç Vakfı’nın 25 Yılı: Anı Kitabı: Türkiye’de Risk Altındaki Doğal ve Kültürel Miras, 119-136, Türkiye Anıt Çevre Turizm Değerlerini Koruma Vakfı. Binan, D. U. (2008). Ortaçağ Anadolu Türk Mimarisi’nde Taşçı İşaretlerinin Tanımlama, Belgeleme ve Değerlendirilmesi (N. Yılmaz, H. Yıldız, & E. Er, Ed.). Mimarlar Odası Antalya Şubesi. Binan, D. U., & Binan, C. (2009). Ağzıkara Han Örneğinde Anadolu Selçuklu Dönemi Taşçı İşaretlerinin Belgelenmesi Üzerine Sistematik Bir Yaklaşım. Adalya, XII, 319-345. Bulat, S. (2015). Doğubayazıt İshak Paşa Sarayı’nda Bulunan Taşçı İşaretleri. Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32, 77-92. Çayırdağ, M. (1982). Kayseri’de Selçuklu ve Beylikler Devri Binalarında Bulunan Taşçı İşaretleri. Türk Etnografya Dergisi, XVII, 79-109. Çayırdağ, M. (2000). Kayseri’nin Yazır Köyü’nde Bir Selçuklu Mescidi: Yazır Camii. Belleten, 64(239), 59-62. Çayırdağ, M. (2011). İncesu Çevresinde Selçuklu ve Beylikler Dönemine Ait Yedi Zaviye (Tekke) Türbe. 183-216. Davis, R. H. C. (1954). A Catalogue of Masons’ Marks as an Aid to Architectural History. Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 17(1), 43-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/00681288.1954.11894779 Erdmann, K. (1961). Das anatolische Karavansaray des 13. Jahrhunderts (C. 1). Verlag Gebr. Mann. Gabriel, A.-L. (1931). Monuments Turcs d’Anatolie: Kayseri-Niğde (C. 1). Gabriel, A.-L. (1934). Monuments Turcs d’Anatolie: Amasya-Tokat et Sivas (C. 2). Gabriel, A.-L. (1940). Voyages Archéologiques dans la Turquie Orientale: Mardin-Diyarbekir- provinces au-dela du Tigre, Harput, Malatya, Urfa (C. 1). E. de Boccard. Gi̇tal, B. D. (2017). Yapılcan Köyü Hıdırlık Türbesi̇ndeki̇ El Tasvi̇rleri̇. The Journal of Academic Social Sciences, 63(63), 615-634. https://doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.13287 Gülensoy, T. (1992). Türk Kültür Tarihinde Damgalar ve Taşçı İşaretleri. 137-207. Günaşdı, Y. (2015). Erzurum Kalesi̇nde Tespi̇t Edi̇len Usta Monogramları. Belgü, 2, 223-252. Johansen, E. M. (2016). Rūmselçuk Caravanserais of Anatolia. Johansen, E. M. (2017). Zazadin Han Caravanserai: An architectural research of a Rūmselçuk Caravanserai on the medieval trade routes of Anatolia. Kowalewska, A., & Eisenberg, M. (2019). Masons’ Marks of Antiochia Hippos. Tel Aviv, 46(1), 108-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2019.1587226 Redford, S. (2007). The Kıble Wall of the Kargı Hanı. Adalya, 10, 351-368. Reveyron, N. (2003). “Marques lapidaires”: The State of the Question. Gesta, 42(2), 161-170. https://doi.org/10.2307/25067084 Sönmez, Z. (1995). Başlangıcından 16. Yüzyıla Kadar Anadolu Türk-İslam Mimarisinde Sanatçılar. Türk Tarih Kurumu. Spratt, T. A. B., & Forbes, E. (1847). Travels in Lycia, Milyas, and the Cibyratis (C. 1). John Van Voorst, Paternoster Row. Şahin, M. K. (2001). Tercan-Mama Hatun Külli̇yesi̇’ndeki̇ Taşçı İşaretleri̇. İçinde M. Denktaş & Y. Özbek (Ed.), Prof. Dr. Zafer BAYBURTLUOĞLU Armağanı Sanat Yazıları, 509-536, Kayseri Büyükşehir Belediyesi. Şahin, M. K. (2017). Eski̇şehi̇r Seyi̇tgazi̇ Kümbet Köyünde Bulunan Hi̇mmet Baba Kümbet Baba Kümbeti̇ Üzeri̇ne Yeni̇ Düşünceler. 2, 622-652. Turan, Ş. (1963). Osmanlı Teşki̇lâtında Hassa Mi̇marları. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 159-200. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarar_0000000316 Tükel, A. (1969). Alara Han’ın Tanıtılması ve Değerlendirilmesi. Belleten, 33(132), 429-460. Ünal, R. H. (1970). Iğdır Yakınlarında Bir Selçuklu Kervansarayı ve Doğubayezıd-Batum Kervan Yolu Hakkında Notlar. Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı, 3, 7-15. Yelen, R. (2019). Selçuklu Çağı Anadolu Mi̇mari̇si̇nde Malzeme ve Tekni̇k (Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu). (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Yıldırım, S. P. (2017). II. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev Dönemi Mimari Eserleri. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Gazi̇ Üni̇versi̇tesi̇ Sosyal Bi̇li̇mler Ensti̇tüsü. Yurdakul, E., & Çayırdağ, M. (2007). Kayseri, Battal Gazi Camii ve Kırk Kızlar Türbesi. Vakıflar Dergisi, XXX, 273-294. Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular İslam Sanatları, Mimarlık Tarihi Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA Yazarlar Ali Riza Bilgin SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN-EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, SANAT TARİHİ BÖLÜMÜ 0000-0002-1158-9151 Türkiye
Süreyya Eroğlu Bilgin SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN-EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, SANAT TARİHİ BÖLÜMÜ 0000-0003-1430-1210 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Ağustos 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Aralık 2023 Kabul Tarihi 14 Mart 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1
Kaynak Göster APA Bilgin, A. R., & Eroğlu Bilgin, S. (2024). Anadolu Türk Mimarisinde Taşçı İşaretleri: Genel Bir Literatür Değerlendirmesi. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi, 33(1), 171-261. https://doi.org/10.29135/std.1404193 AMA Bilgin AR, Eroğlu Bilgin S. Anadolu Türk Mimarisinde Taşçı İşaretleri: Genel Bir Literatür Değerlendirmesi. STD. Ağustos 2024;33(1):171-261. doi:10.29135/std.1404193 Chicago Bilgin, Ali Riza, ve Süreyya Eroğlu Bilgin. “Anadolu Türk Mimarisinde Taşçı İşaretleri: Genel Bir Literatür Değerlendirmesi”. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi 33, sy. 1 (Ağustos 2024): 171-261. https://doi.org/10.29135/std.1404193. EndNote Bilgin AR, Eroğlu Bilgin S (01 Ağustos 2024) Anadolu Türk Mimarisinde Taşçı İşaretleri: Genel Bir Literatür Değerlendirmesi. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi 33 1 171–261. IEEE A. R. Bilgin ve S. Eroğlu Bilgin, “Anadolu Türk Mimarisinde Taşçı İşaretleri: Genel Bir Literatür Değerlendirmesi”, STD , c. 33, sy. 1, ss. 171–261, 2024, doi: 10.29135/std.1404193. ISNAD Bilgin, Ali Riza – Eroğlu Bilgin, Süreyya. “Anadolu Türk Mimarisinde Taşçı İşaretleri: Genel Bir Literatür Değerlendirmesi”. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi 33/1 (Ağustos 2024), 171-261. https://doi.org/10.29135/std.1404193. JAMA Bilgin AR, Eroğlu Bilgin S. Anadolu Türk Mimarisinde Taşçı İşaretleri: Genel Bir Literatür Değerlendirmesi. STD . 2024;33:171–261. MLA Bilgin, Ali Riza ve Süreyya Eroğlu Bilgin. “Anadolu Türk Mimarisinde Taşçı İşaretleri: Genel Bir Literatür Değerlendirmesi”. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi, c. 33, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 171-6, doi:10.29135/std.1404193. Vancouver Bilgin AR, Eroğlu Bilgin S. Anadolu Türk Mimarisinde Taşçı İşaretleri: Genel Bir Literatür Değerlendirmesi. STD. 2024;33(1):171-26.
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