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Analysis of the administrative mentality of school administrators according to Weber’s types of power Skip to content Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 70 – 81, 31.12.2023
İrem Demir Arıcı , Mithat Korumaz
Öz Bu çalışma, Weber’in güç türleri bağlamında okul yöneticilerinin meşruiyeti sürdürmek için kullandıkları güç kaynaklarını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma fenomenolojik model kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılar İstanbul’da görev yapan 7 okul yöneticisidir ve amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olan sapkın durum örneklemesi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Görüşmeler farklı kıdem yıllarına sahip okul müdürleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmelerde yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları kullanılmış ve elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç kaynaklarının zorunlu birlik, gönüllü birlik ve baskıcı gelenek olmak üzere üç tema altında sınıflandırılabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Bu temalar 11 kategoriden oluşmaktadır. Gönüllü birlik teması altında yer alan kurumsal pay kategorisinde, öğretmenleri yönetsel karar süreçlerine dahil etme, yetki devri, işbirliğini sürdürme gibi eylemlerin öğretmenlerin kurumsal payını artırarak yöneticilerin daha fazla güç kaynağı elde etmesini sağladığı anlaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre okul yöneticileri, yönetim süreçlerinde yasal ve zorunlu yaptırımları olan bir düzen oluşturmak yerine tüm paydaşları kucaklayacak karşılıklı gönüllülüğün olduğu bir okul ortamı yaratmayı hedeflemelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler Güç, meşruiyet, güç kaynakları, Weber.
Etik Beyan Bu çalışma, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Akademik Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (Onay Numarası: 2020/4, Tarih: 19.06.2020).
Destekleyen Kurum Yazarlar bu çalışma için finansal destek almadığını beyan etmiştir.
Kaynakça Acaray, A. (2018). Örgütsel muhalefetin kişisel değerler ve psikolojik iyi oluş ile ilişkinin incelenmesi. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 6(3), 171-189. Acaray, A. (2019). Örgütsel adalet ile örgütsel sinizm arasındaki ilişkide güç mesafesinin düzenleyici etkisi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 24, 197-214. Arslantaş, H., & Özkan, M. (2012). İlköğretim okullarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin görüşlerine göre okul müdürlerinin çatışma yönetimi yaklaşımlarının incelenmesi. Kastamonu Education Journal, 20(2), 550-570. Aslanargun, E., & Bozkurt, S. (2012). Okul müdürlerinin okul yönetiminde karşılaştığı sorunlar. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 11(2), 349-368. Aydın, İ.P. (2014). Yönetsel mesleki ve örgütsel etik. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık. Bakioğlu, A., & Korumaz, M. (2014). Öğretmenlerin okulda yalnızlıklarının kariyer evrelerine göre incelenmesi. Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi. 39, 25-54. Balay, R., Kaya, A., & Cülha, A. (2013). Örgüt kültürü ve örgütsel sinizm ilişkisi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 14(2), 123-144. Baydemir, A. (2016). Okul Yöneticilerinin güç kaynaklarını kullanma becerileriyle kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. (Publication No. 440729) [Master's Thesis, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University]. Bayraktaroğlu, S. (2000). Klasik örgütsel güç kuramlarından Clegg’in ‘Güç Devreleri’ yaklaşımına. Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 109-121. Biçer, F. S., & Mustafa, K. (2019). Okul yöneticilerinin ve bilişim teknolojileri rehber öğretmenlerinin teknoloji liderlik yeterliliklerinin karşilaştirilmasi. Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 27-43. Bozan, A., & Bozan, H. F. (2023). Okul yöneticilerinin öğretimsel liderlik özelliklerine ilişkin bir değerlendirme. Artikel International Journal of Social Science, 1(1), 13-26. Bursalı, Y. M., & Bağcı, Z. (2011). Çalışanların örgütsel politika algıları ile politik davranışları arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkiler. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (9), 23-24. Bursalıoğlu, Z. (2003). Eğitim yönetiminde teori ve uygulama 7th ed. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık. Çakır, Y. (2022). Okul yöneticilerinin liderlik stillerine yönelik öğretmen görüşlerinin farkli değişken türleri açisindan incelenmesi: İzmir ili örneği. Uygulamada Eğitim ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 27-38. Çelikten, M. (2004). Okul Müdürü Koltuğundaki Kadınlar: Kayseri İli Örneği. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(17), 91-118. Demirel, Ö. (2012). Eğitimde program geliştirme: Kuramdan uygulamaya. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık. Demirtaş, Z. (2010). Okul kültürü ile öğrenci başarısı arasındaki ilişki. Eğitim ve Bilim, 35(158), 10-21. Deviren, İ. (2019). İlkokul müdürlerinin kullandıkları örgütsel güç kaynakları ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel sessizlik ve motivasyon düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. (Publication No. 548772) [Master's Thesis, Siirt University]. Diş, O., & Ayık, A. (2016). Okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç kaynakları ile örgüt iklimi arasındaki ilişki. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 58(2), 499-518. Eşki, H. (2012). Bugünü anlamak için Max Weber’i yeniden okumak. ZKU Journal of Social Sciences, 6(11), 187-198. French, J. R., Raven, B., & Cartwright, D. (1959). The bases of social power. In J.M. Shafritz, J.S. Ott, & Y.S. Jang (Eds.) Classics of organization theory, (pp.311-320). Galleta, A. (2013). Mastering the semi-structured interview and beyond. New York University Press. Gürbüz, R., Erdem, E., & Yıldırım, K. (2013). Başarılı okul müdürlerinin özellikleri. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (20), 167-179. Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2010). Eğitim yönetimi; teori, araştırma ve uygulama. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. İnce, B. (2011). Sınıfta istenmeyen davranışlara karşı öğretmenlerin disiplin uygulamalarıyla ilgili ilköğretim 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin görüşlerinin incelenmesi (İstanbul ili örneği). (Publication No. 298612) [Master's Thesis, Marmara University]. Iyer, R.S., & Scott, J.A. (2001). Power station fly ash—a review of value-added utilization outside of the construction industry. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 31(3), 217-228. Karaevli, Ö., & Levent, F. (2014). Okul yönetiminde şeffaflığın farklı kariyer evrelerinde bulunan öğretmenler üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi. 40(40), 89-108. Karaman, A. (1999). Profesyonel yöneticilerde güç yönetimi. Türkmen Kitabevi. Karaman, K., Yücel, C., & Dönder, H. (2008). The relationships between bureaucracy and organizational citizenship behaviors in elementary schools based on teachers’ perceptions. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, (53), 49-74. Kemikkıran, N. (2015). Güç mesafesi yüksekse eşitsizlik mi istenir? Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 70(2), 317-344. Kızanlıklı, M. M., Koç, H., & Kılıçlar, A. (2016). Örgütsel güç ve gücün kaynakları üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(4), 488-504. Koşar, S., & Çalık, T. (2011). Okul yöneticilerinin yönetimde gücü kullanma stilleri ile örgüt kültürü arasındaki ilişki. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 4(4), 581-603. Koşar, S., Kılınç, A. Ç., Emre, E. R., Öğdem, Z., & Savaş, G. (2014). Examining the relationships between primary school principals' power styles and teachers' professional behaviors. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 60(2), 322-338. Liljenberg, M., & Wrethander, M. (2023). Leadership for school improvement–linking learning to leading over time. Professional Development in Education, 49(1), 30-44. Özcenay, T. (2017). Okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç kaynaklarına ilişkin yönetici ve öğretmen görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi. [Unpublished Master's Thesis] Yakın Doğu University. Özdemir, E. (2003). Power, madness, and gender ıdentity in margaret atwood’s surfacing: A feminist reading. English Studies, 84(1), 57-79. Robins, S.L. (1994). Contesting the social geometry of state power: A case study of land‐use planning in Matabeleland, Zimbabwe. Social Dynamics, 20(2), 91-118. Saldana, J. (2011). Fundamentals of qualitative resarch. Oxford University Press. Scott, J. (2008). Modes of power and the re-conceptualization of elites. The Sociological Review, 56(1), 25-43. Steele, J. L., Steiner, E. D., & Hamilton, L. S. (2021). Priming the leadership pipeline: School performance and climate under an urban school leadership residency program. Educational Administration Quarterly, 57(2), 221-256. Toytok, E.H., & Uçar, A. (2018). The effect of administrators' behaviors that ınvolves favoritism on organizational opposition. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(3), 68-77. Türnüklü, A. (2000). Eğitimbilim araştırmalarında etkin olarak kullanılabilecek nitel bir araştırma tekniği: Görüşme. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 24(24), 543- 559. Uzun, M. (2019). Yöneticilerin kullandıkları örgütsel güç kaynakları ile öğretmenlerin kendini işe vermeleri arasındaki ilişki (Kahramanmaraş ili örneği). (Publication No. 544090) [Master's Thesis, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University]. Wagner, J.A., Hollenbeck, J. R., & Russell, J. (1995). Management of organizational behavior. Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Weber, M., Akın, H.B., & Arıcıoğlu, M.A. (2013). Bürokrasi ve otorite. Adres Yayınları. Yılmaz, K., & Altınkurt, Y. (2012). Okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç kaynakları ile öğretmenlerin iş doyumu arasındaki ilişki. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 20(2), 385-402.
Analysis of the administrative mentality of school administrators according to Weber’s types of power Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 70 – 81, 31.12.2023
İrem Demir Arıcı , Mithat Korumaz
Öz This study aims to determine the power sources school administrators use to maintain legitimacy in the context of Weber’s types of power. This study was conducted by using a phenomenological model. The participants are 7 school administrators in İstanbul, and they have been determined by using deviant case sampling which is one of the purposeful sampling methods. The interviews were held with school principals with different years of seniority. Semi-structured interview questions were used in the interviews and the obtained data were analyzed by using the content analysis method. According to the results of this research, it was determined that the sources of power used by school administrators can be classified under three themes, namely compulsory union, voluntary union, and repressive tradition. These themes consist of 11 categories. In the corporate share category under the voluntary union theme, it was figured out that acts such as involving teachers in administrative decision processes, transfer of authority, and maintaining cooperation enable administrators to gain more sources of power by increasing teachers’ corporate share. According to the results of the research, school administrators should aim to create a school environment with mutual volunteering that will embrace all shareholders instead of creating an order with legal and compulsory sanctions in administration processes.
Anahtar Kelimeler Power, legitimacy, sources of power, Weber.
Etik Beyan This study was approved by Yıldız Technical University Academic Ethics Committee (Approval Number: 2020/4, Date: 19.06.2020).
Destekleyen Kurum The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.
Kaynakça Acaray, A. (2018). Örgütsel muhalefetin kişisel değerler ve psikolojik iyi oluş ile ilişkinin incelenmesi. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 6(3), 171-189. Acaray, A. (2019). Örgütsel adalet ile örgütsel sinizm arasındaki ilişkide güç mesafesinin düzenleyici etkisi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 24, 197-214. Arslantaş, H., & Özkan, M. (2012). İlköğretim okullarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin görüşlerine göre okul müdürlerinin çatışma yönetimi yaklaşımlarının incelenmesi. Kastamonu Education Journal, 20(2), 550-570. Aslanargun, E., & Bozkurt, S. (2012). Okul müdürlerinin okul yönetiminde karşılaştığı sorunlar. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 11(2), 349-368. Aydın, İ.P. (2014). Yönetsel mesleki ve örgütsel etik. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık. Bakioğlu, A., & Korumaz, M. (2014). Öğretmenlerin okulda yalnızlıklarının kariyer evrelerine göre incelenmesi. Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi. 39, 25-54. Balay, R., Kaya, A., & Cülha, A. (2013). Örgüt kültürü ve örgütsel sinizm ilişkisi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 14(2), 123-144. Baydemir, A. (2016). Okul Yöneticilerinin güç kaynaklarını kullanma becerileriyle kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. (Publication No. 440729) [Master's Thesis, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University]. Bayraktaroğlu, S. (2000). Klasik örgütsel güç kuramlarından Clegg’in ‘Güç Devreleri’ yaklaşımına. Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 109-121. Biçer, F. S., & Mustafa, K. (2019). Okul yöneticilerinin ve bilişim teknolojileri rehber öğretmenlerinin teknoloji liderlik yeterliliklerinin karşilaştirilmasi. Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 27-43. Bozan, A., & Bozan, H. F. (2023). Okul yöneticilerinin öğretimsel liderlik özelliklerine ilişkin bir değerlendirme. Artikel International Journal of Social Science, 1(1), 13-26. Bursalı, Y. M., & Bağcı, Z. (2011). Çalışanların örgütsel politika algıları ile politik davranışları arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkiler. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (9), 23-24. Bursalıoğlu, Z. (2003). Eğitim yönetiminde teori ve uygulama 7th ed. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık. Çakır, Y. (2022). Okul yöneticilerinin liderlik stillerine yönelik öğretmen görüşlerinin farkli değişken türleri açisindan incelenmesi: İzmir ili örneği. Uygulamada Eğitim ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 27-38. Çelikten, M. (2004). Okul Müdürü Koltuğundaki Kadınlar: Kayseri İli Örneği. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(17), 91-118. Demirel, Ö. (2012). Eğitimde program geliştirme: Kuramdan uygulamaya. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık. Demirtaş, Z. (2010). Okul kültürü ile öğrenci başarısı arasındaki ilişki. Eğitim ve Bilim, 35(158), 10-21. Deviren, İ. (2019). İlkokul müdürlerinin kullandıkları örgütsel güç kaynakları ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel sessizlik ve motivasyon düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. (Publication No. 548772) [Master's Thesis, Siirt University]. Diş, O., & Ayık, A. (2016). Okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç kaynakları ile örgüt iklimi arasındaki ilişki. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 58(2), 499-518. Eşki, H. (2012). Bugünü anlamak için Max Weber’i yeniden okumak. ZKU Journal of Social Sciences, 6(11), 187-198. French, J. R., Raven, B., & Cartwright, D. (1959). The bases of social power. In J.M. Shafritz, J.S. Ott, & Y.S. Jang (Eds.) Classics of organization theory, (pp.311-320). Galleta, A. (2013). Mastering the semi-structured interview and beyond. New York University Press. Gürbüz, R., Erdem, E., & Yıldırım, K. (2013). Başarılı okul müdürlerinin özellikleri. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (20), 167-179. Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2010). Eğitim yönetimi; teori, araştırma ve uygulama. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. İnce, B. (2011). Sınıfta istenmeyen davranışlara karşı öğretmenlerin disiplin uygulamalarıyla ilgili ilköğretim 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin görüşlerinin incelenmesi (İstanbul ili örneği). (Publication No. 298612) [Master's Thesis, Marmara University]. Iyer, R.S., & Scott, J.A. (2001). Power station fly ash—a review of value-added utilization outside of the construction industry. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 31(3), 217-228. Karaevli, Ö., & Levent, F. (2014). Okul yönetiminde şeffaflığın farklı kariyer evrelerinde bulunan öğretmenler üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi. 40(40), 89-108. Karaman, A. (1999). Profesyonel yöneticilerde güç yönetimi. Türkmen Kitabevi. Karaman, K., Yücel, C., & Dönder, H. (2008). The relationships between bureaucracy and organizational citizenship behaviors in elementary schools based on teachers’ perceptions. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, (53), 49-74. Kemikkıran, N. (2015). Güç mesafesi yüksekse eşitsizlik mi istenir? Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 70(2), 317-344. Kızanlıklı, M. M., Koç, H., & Kılıçlar, A. (2016). Örgütsel güç ve gücün kaynakları üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(4), 488-504. Koşar, S., & Çalık, T. (2011). Okul yöneticilerinin yönetimde gücü kullanma stilleri ile örgüt kültürü arasındaki ilişki. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 4(4), 581-603. Koşar, S., Kılınç, A. Ç., Emre, E. R., Öğdem, Z., & Savaş, G. (2014). Examining the relationships between primary school principals' power styles and teachers' professional behaviors. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 60(2), 322-338. Liljenberg, M., & Wrethander, M. (2023). Leadership for school improvement–linking learning to leading over time. Professional Development in Education, 49(1), 30-44. Özcenay, T. (2017). Okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç kaynaklarına ilişkin yönetici ve öğretmen görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi. [Unpublished Master's Thesis] Yakın Doğu University. Özdemir, E. (2003). Power, madness, and gender ıdentity in margaret atwood’s surfacing: A feminist reading. English Studies, 84(1), 57-79. Robins, S.L. (1994). Contesting the social geometry of state power: A case study of land‐use planning in Matabeleland, Zimbabwe. Social Dynamics, 20(2), 91-118. Saldana, J. (2011). Fundamentals of qualitative resarch. Oxford University Press. Scott, J. (2008). Modes of power and the re-conceptualization of elites. The Sociological Review, 56(1), 25-43. Steele, J. L., Steiner, E. D., & Hamilton, L. S. (2021). Priming the leadership pipeline: School performance and climate under an urban school leadership residency program. Educational Administration Quarterly, 57(2), 221-256. Toytok, E.H., & Uçar, A. (2018). The effect of administrators' behaviors that ınvolves favoritism on organizational opposition. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(3), 68-77. Türnüklü, A. (2000). Eğitimbilim araştırmalarında etkin olarak kullanılabilecek nitel bir araştırma tekniği: Görüşme. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 24(24), 543- 559. Uzun, M. (2019). Yöneticilerin kullandıkları örgütsel güç kaynakları ile öğretmenlerin kendini işe vermeleri arasındaki ilişki (Kahramanmaraş ili örneği). (Publication No. 544090) [Master's Thesis, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University]. Wagner, J.A., Hollenbeck, J. R., & Russell, J. (1995). Management of organizational behavior. Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Weber, M., Akın, H.B., & Arıcıoğlu, M.A. (2013). Bürokrasi ve otorite. Adres Yayınları. Yılmaz, K., & Altınkurt, Y. (2012). Okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç kaynakları ile öğretmenlerin iş doyumu arasındaki ilişki. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 20(2), 385-402. Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil İngilizce Konular Eğitim Psikolojisi Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri Yazarlar İrem Demir Arıcı YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0002-4314-9003 Türkiye
Mithat Korumaz YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0003-1800-7633 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023 Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Ekim 2023 Kabul Tarihi 7 Aralık 2023 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2
Kaynak Göster APA Demir Arıcı, İ., & Korumaz, M. (2023). Analysis of the administrative mentality of school administrators according to Weber’s types of power. Yıldız Journal of Educational Research, 8(2), 70-81.
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