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ATATÜRK DÖNEMİ’NDE TARIM POLİTİKALARININ BELİRLENMESİNDE YABANCI ETKİSİ: OLDENBURG RAPORU’NUN ROLÜ Skip to content Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 47, 733 – 789, 31.12.2023
Nurullah Kırkpınar
Öz In the early Republican Period, Turkey had serious problems in the field of agriculture. Those who shaped the agricultural policy of the period had to solve these problems in order to develop the new Turkey after the difficult war years. Turkey’s economy was largely based on agriculture during this period. But the agricultural structure of the country had significant shortcomings. Foremost among these were the fields of agricultural education and research. In the post—war period in Turkey, the shortage of qualified manpower in almost every field also manifested itself in the field of agriculture. Despite some attempts, agriculture is still carried out by prudent methods throughout the country, and modern agricultural methods were not known enough. For this reason, important steps have been taken to develop agriculture since the first years of the Republic. Various reports were prepared through experts brought from abroad. In this context, in the first fifteen—year period of the Republic, Germany was the country that benefited the most in the field of agriculture. In 1928, Dr. Oldenburg from Germany was invited to develop and modernize agriculture. In line with the reports prepared by the experts in the Agriculture Committee, the country’s agricultural education-research policy was directed. Thus, after the World Economic Depression of 1929, important developments were made in the field of agriculture in Turkey. In this study, the transcription of the 152—page “Oldenburg Report”, which is included in the catalogs of the Prime Minister’s Office Republican Archive, was taken as a basis. The effects of the relevant records on the development of related fields in the context of agricultural education—research policies in Turkey were emphasized. The report of the Higher Agricultural Institute, which is an extremely important step in terms of the development of Turkish agriculture, in addition to its establishment, the reflections of the recommendations presented in line with the principles determined in the report on the agricultural education and research policies of the period will be examined.
Anahtar Kelimeler Republic of Turkey, Germany, Foreign Expert, Dr. Oldenburg and Agriculture Delegation, Agricultural Modernization.
Proje Numarası –
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Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara, 1963. AKMAN, Arif, Türkiye’de Ziraat Yüksek Öğretim Reformunun Anatomisi, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara, 1978. BAŞGÖZ, İlhan, Türkiye’nin Eğitim Çıkmazı ve Atatürk, 2. Baskı, Pan Yayınları, İstanbul, 2016. BEKMAN, Muzaffer, Bakteriyoloji Enstitülerinin Taazzuvu, Ankara Basım ve Ciltevi, Ankara, 1940. BİRAND, Hikmet, Türk Yüksek Öğretiminde Çalışan Alman Bilginlerinin Hizmeti Hakkında, Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları, Ankara, 1960. CHRISTIANSEN-WENIGER, Fritz, Türkiye Genel Ziraatinin Temelleri, (Çev.: Ömer Tarman-Vamik Tayşi), Köy Hocası Matbaası, Ankara, 1935. ÇİFTÇİ, Cemalettin Yaşar, , Kuruluşunun 75. Yılında Yüksek Ziraat Enstitüsü: 1933-1948, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara, 2008. GENCER, Mustafa, Jöntürk Modernizmi ve “Alman Ruhu” 1908-1918 Dönemi Türk-Alman İlişkileri ve Eğitim, İletişim Yay., İstanbul, 2015. GLEISBERG, Walter, Türkiye Meyveciliği ve Bağcılığı Hakkında Umumi Rapor, T.C. Ziraat Vekâleti Neşriyatı, (Çev.: Nail Oraman), Ankara, 1936. KIRKPINAR, Nurullah, İzmir Kent Tarihi Araştırmalarına Bir Katkı: Bornova Ziraat Mektebi (1922-1955), 1. Baskı, Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları, İzmir, 2020. KOÇAK, Cemil, Türk-Alman İlişkileri (1923-1939) İki Dünya Savaşı Arasındaki Dönemde Siyasal, Kültürel, Askeri ve Ekonomik İlişkiler, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yay., Ankara, 1991. MAĞDEN, Ragıp Ziya, Zirai Öğretimde 110 Yıl, Tük Yüksek Ziraat Mühendisleri Birliği Neşriyatı, Ankara, 1959. REISMAN, Arnold, Nazizmden Kaçanlar ve Atatürk’ün Vizyonu, (Çev: Gül Çağalı Güven) Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2011. TEKELİ, İlhan, Tarihsel Bağlamı İçinde Türkiye’de Yükseköğretimin ve YÖK’ün Tarihi, Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, İstanbul, 2010. TUNÇER, Hadiye, Kırk Yıllık Meslekdaşlarımız –Röportaj–, Türk Yüksek Ziraat Mühendisleri Birliği Neşriyatı, Ayyıldız Matbaası, Ankara, 1958. AKMAN Arif, “Türkiye’de Fermantasyon ve Teknolojisinin Gelişimi Öyküsü”, Gıda/The Journel of Food, Cilt: 12, Sayı: 3, (Mayıs-Haziran 1987). ALTAY, Fahri, “Türkiye Bitki Islahının Öncülerinden: Emcet Yektay”, TÜRKTOB Dergisi, Cilt: 5, Sayı: 20, (Aralık 2016), s. 5. ARAN, Sadri, “Tarımda İlk Atılım ve M. Erkmen Hoca”, Cumhuriyet, 8 Eylül 1985. BENLİOĞLU, Nuri, “Patates Ziraatı”, Çiftçi, Cilt: 3, Sayı: 32, Yıl: 3, (1948). ÇAYCI, Abdurrahman, “Atatürk’ün Uygarlık Anlayışı” Atatürk Konferansları -IV (1973-1974), TTK Yay., Ankara, 1977. EKİNCİ, Salih Zeki, “Zirai Müesseselerimizi Tanıyalım: Adapazarı Tohum Islah İstasyonu İle Arifiye Bahçe Kültürleri İstasyonunda Gördüklerim ve Öğrendiklerim”, Ziraat ve Ticaret Gazetesi, Yıl: 26, Sayı: 114, (Ağustos 1949). ERICHSEN, Regine, “The Politics Behind Scientific Transfer Between Turkey and Germany In The Case Of The “Yüksek Ziraat Enstitüsü” In Ankara”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi (SBF) Dergisi, Cilt: 55, Sayı: 2, (Nisan–Haziran), 2000. ERK, Nihal, “Türkiye’de Veteriner Hekimlik Öğretiminin Başlangıcı ve Bugüne Kadar Geçirdiği Safhalar Üzerinde Yeni Araştırmalar”, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 6, Sayı: 1-2, (Ankara 1959). GÖZCÜ, Alev, “Atatürk Döneminde Türkiye’de Tarımın Gelişiminde Alman Etkisi”, Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: XVIII, Sayı: 36, (Bahar 2018). İLİSULU, Kâmil, “Patateste Tohumluk İntihabında ve Muhafazasında Ne Kadar İtina Gösterilirse Patateste Kazançta O Nispette Artmaktadır”, Ziraat Dergisi, Yıl: 15, Sayı: 132, (1955). KADIOĞLU, Sevtap, “Ankara Yüksek Ziraat Enstitüsü’nde Mülteci Bilim Adamları”, Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, Cilt: IX, Sayı: 1-2, (2008). KEMAL, Ömer, “Adana Maarif Tarihinden: Ziraat Lisesi”, Türk Sözü, 7 Teşrinisâni 1934. KIRAÇ, Ali Numan, “Orta Anadolu Yaylasında Dry-farming Yöntemine Uygun Çalışmak”, Eskişehir Halkevi Dergisi, Sayı: 25, (30 Teşrinisani/Kasım 1934). KIRKPINAR Nurullah, “Türkiye’de Modern Ziraatın Mimarlarından Şevket Raşit Hatipoğlu Ve Ziraat Vekâleti Dönemindeki Faaliyetleri (1942-1946)”, 9. Atatürk Kongresi, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yay., Ankara, 2020. KIRKPINAR, Nurullah, “Bereketli Topraklarda “Üretmek” ve “Paylaşmak”: İzmir’de Zeytin-Zeytinyağı Üretimi İle Ticareti Üzerine Tarihsel Bir Bakış (1923-1938)”, Şehir, Kültür ve Medeniyet: Çaka Bey’den Günümüze İzmir, 1. Baskı, Cilt: II, (Edit.: Turan Gökçe-Hüseyin Çalış), İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Yay., İzmir, 2022. KLEYE, Herr, “Adapazarı Patates Islah İstasyonu Raporu”, 1931 Birinci Ziraat Kongresi İhtisas Raporları, Cilt: 1, Milli İktisat ve Tasarruf Cemiyeti, Ankara, 1931. SARIKAYA, İ. Hakkı, “Esad Muhlis Erkmen”, Tarım ve Köyişleri Dergisi, Sayı: 30, (Ankara 1988). TATAN, Fikri, “Adapazarı Patates Tohumluğu Meselesi”, Ziraat ve Ticaret Gazetesi, Cilt: 29, Sayı: 145, (Mart 1952). TÜMERTEKİN, Erol, “Kurak Bölgelerde Ziraat”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, İstanbul, 1937. YAZMAN, Selim Cavid, “Ziraat Ordusuna Eleman Yetiştiren Bir Müessese: Bursa Ziraat Mektebi”, İktisadi Yürüyüş, Yıl: 2, Cilt: 4, Sayı: 37, (Haziran 1941). YILDIRIM, Seyfi, “Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyete Bir Bürokrat ve Siyasetçi: Mehmet Sabri Toprak (1878-1938)”, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, Cilt: 24, Sayı: 71, (2008). “Oldenburg”, Hâkimiyeti Milliye, 4 Temmuz 1930, s. 1. “Ziraat Mütehassısları Oldenburg ve Smit”, Cumhuriyet, 8 Temmuz 1927, ss. 1-3. “Ziraat Mütehassısları”, Milliyet, 8 Temmuz 1927, s. 3. “Mütehassıs Her Oldenburg”, Cumhuriyet, 5 Ağustos 1927, s. 2. “Ziraatımız Ne Surette Islah Edilecektir”, Cumhuriyet, 5 Ağustos 1927, ss. 1-2. “Ziraat Mektepleri Tetkik Heyeti Bursa’ya Geldi”, Asrî Çiftçi, Sayı: 1, 15 Ağustos 1927, s. 25. “Ziraat Elemanlarımızın İrfan Ocağı: Yüksek Ziraat Enstitüsü”, İktisadi Yürüyüş (Ziraat Fevkalâde Sayısı), Sayı: 68-69-70, (29 Teşrinievvel 1942). KIRKPINAR, Nurullah, “Türkiye’de Zirai Eğitim (1923—1963)”, Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), İzmir, 2022.
ATATÜRK DÖNEMİ’NDE TARIM POLİTİKALARININ BELİRLENMESİNDE YABANCI ETKİSİ: OLDENBURG RAPORU’NUN ROLÜ Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 47, 733 – 789, 31.12.2023
Nurullah Kırkpınar
Öz Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde Türkiye’nin tarım alanında ciddi sorunları vardı. Dönemin tarım politikasına yön verenler zorlu savaş yıllarının ardından yeni Türkiye’yi kalkındırmak için bu sorunları çözmek durumundaydı. Türkiye’nin ekonomisi bu dönemde büyük ölçüde tarıma dayanıyordu. Fakat, ülkenin tarımsal yapısının önemli eksiklikleri vardı. Bunların başında tarımsal eğitim—araştırma alanları geliyordu. Türkiye’de savaş sonrası dönemde hemen her alanda karşılaşılan nitelikli insan gücü açığı, tarım sahasında da kendisini göstermişti. Tarım, kimi girişimlere karşın ülke genelinde hâlâ iptidai yöntemlerle yapılıyor modern tarım teknikleri yeterince bilinmiyordu. Bu sebeple Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarından itibaren tarımı geliştirebilmek için önemli adımlar atıldı. Yurt dışından getirilen uzmanlar aracılığıyla çeşitli raporlar hazırlandı. Bu çerçevede Cumhuriyet’in ilk on beş yıllık periyodunda tarım alanında en çok yararlanılan ülke Almanya oldu. 1928 yılında tarımın geliştirilmesi ve modernleştirilmesi için Almanya’dan davet edilen Dr. Oldenburg ve Tarım Heyeti’nde yer alan bilim insanlarının hazırladıkları raporlar doğrultusunda ülkenin tarımsal modernleşme politikasına yön verildi. Böylece 1929 Dünya İktisadi Buhranı sonrasında Türkiye’de tarım alanında önemli gelişmeler kaydedildi. Bu çalışmada, Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi katalogları arasında yer alan 152 sayfalık “Oldenburg Raporu”nun transkripsiyonu temel alınarak, ilgili kayıtların Türkiye’deki tarımsal eğitim—araştırma politikaları bağlamında ilgili alanların gelişimine olan etkileri üzerinde durulacaktır. Raporun Türkiye tarımının gelişimi bakımından son derece önemli bir adımı olan Yüksek Ziraat Enstitüsü’nün kuruluşunun yanı sıra raporda belirlenen esaslar doğrultusunda sunulan önerilerin dönemin tarımsal eğitim—araştırma politikalarına yansımaları incelenecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, Almanya, Yabancı Uzman, Dr. Oldenburg ve Tarım Heyeti, Tarımsal Modernleşme.
Destekleyen Kurum –
Proje Numarası –
Teşekkür –
Kaynakça T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı, Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı, Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi. T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı, Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı, Türk Diplomatik Arşivi. Adapazarı Bölge Tohum Islah ve Deneme İstasyonu Tohum Üretme Çiftliği 1960-1961 Yılı Araştırma Raporu, Oya Matbaası, İstanbul, 1962. Ankara’da Gazi Orman Çiftliği (Mayıs 1925-Mayıs 1933), Orman Çiftliği Umûmi İdaresi Yayınları, Ankara, 1933. Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi 25. Yıl Kitabı, Ulus Basımevi (TBMM Arşiv ve Kütüphanesi), Ankara, 1948. T.C. Ankara Yüksek Ziraat Enstitüsü-Müessesenin Kuruluş Tarihi (1933), Hâkimiyeti Milliye Matbaası, Ankara, 1933. Türk Ziraat Tarihine Bir Bakış, I. Köy ve Ziraat Kalkınma Kongresi Yayınları, İstanbul, 1938. Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi (TBMM) Zabıt Ceridesi, Dönem: II, Cilt: 33, İçtima: 77, 19 Haziran 1927. TBMM Zabıt Ceridesi, Dönem: II, Cilt: 27, İçtima: 1, 1 Kasım 1926. ALKAN, Bekir, Türkiye Ziraatında Bitki Korumanın Tarihçesi, Organizasyonu ve Problemleri, A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara, 1963. AKMAN, Arif, Türkiye’de Ziraat Yüksek Öğretim Reformunun Anatomisi, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara, 1978. BAŞGÖZ, İlhan, Türkiye’nin Eğitim Çıkmazı ve Atatürk, 2. Baskı, Pan Yayınları, İstanbul, 2016. BEKMAN, Muzaffer, Bakteriyoloji Enstitülerinin Taazzuvu, Ankara Basım ve Ciltevi, Ankara, 1940. BİRAND, Hikmet, Türk Yüksek Öğretiminde Çalışan Alman Bilginlerinin Hizmeti Hakkında, Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları, Ankara, 1960. CHRISTIANSEN-WENIGER, Fritz, Türkiye Genel Ziraatinin Temelleri, (Çev.: Ömer Tarman-Vamik Tayşi), Köy Hocası Matbaası, Ankara, 1935. ÇİFTÇİ, Cemalettin Yaşar, , Kuruluşunun 75. Yılında Yüksek Ziraat Enstitüsü: 1933-1948, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara, 2008. GENCER, Mustafa, Jöntürk Modernizmi ve “Alman Ruhu” 1908-1918 Dönemi Türk-Alman İlişkileri ve Eğitim, İletişim Yay., İstanbul, 2015. GLEISBERG, Walter, Türkiye Meyveciliği ve Bağcılığı Hakkında Umumi Rapor, T.C. Ziraat Vekâleti Neşriyatı, (Çev.: Nail Oraman), Ankara, 1936. KIRKPINAR, Nurullah, İzmir Kent Tarihi Araştırmalarına Bir Katkı: Bornova Ziraat Mektebi (1922-1955), 1. Baskı, Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları, İzmir, 2020. KOÇAK, Cemil, Türk-Alman İlişkileri (1923-1939) İki Dünya Savaşı Arasındaki Dönemde Siyasal, Kültürel, Askeri ve Ekonomik İlişkiler, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yay., Ankara, 1991. MAĞDEN, Ragıp Ziya, Zirai Öğretimde 110 Yıl, Tük Yüksek Ziraat Mühendisleri Birliği Neşriyatı, Ankara, 1959. REISMAN, Arnold, Nazizmden Kaçanlar ve Atatürk’ün Vizyonu, (Çev: Gül Çağalı Güven) Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2011. TEKELİ, İlhan, Tarihsel Bağlamı İçinde Türkiye’de Yükseköğretimin ve YÖK’ün Tarihi, Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, İstanbul, 2010. TUNÇER, Hadiye, Kırk Yıllık Meslekdaşlarımız –Röportaj–, Türk Yüksek Ziraat Mühendisleri Birliği Neşriyatı, Ayyıldız Matbaası, Ankara, 1958. AKMAN Arif, “Türkiye’de Fermantasyon ve Teknolojisinin Gelişimi Öyküsü”, Gıda/The Journel of Food, Cilt: 12, Sayı: 3, (Mayıs-Haziran 1987). ALTAY, Fahri, “Türkiye Bitki Islahının Öncülerinden: Emcet Yektay”, TÜRKTOB Dergisi, Cilt: 5, Sayı: 20, (Aralık 2016), s. 5. ARAN, Sadri, “Tarımda İlk Atılım ve M. Erkmen Hoca”, Cumhuriyet, 8 Eylül 1985. BENLİOĞLU, Nuri, “Patates Ziraatı”, Çiftçi, Cilt: 3, Sayı: 32, Yıl: 3, (1948). ÇAYCI, Abdurrahman, “Atatürk’ün Uygarlık Anlayışı” Atatürk Konferansları -IV (1973-1974), TTK Yay., Ankara, 1977. EKİNCİ, Salih Zeki, “Zirai Müesseselerimizi Tanıyalım: Adapazarı Tohum Islah İstasyonu İle Arifiye Bahçe Kültürleri İstasyonunda Gördüklerim ve Öğrendiklerim”, Ziraat ve Ticaret Gazetesi, Yıl: 26, Sayı: 114, (Ağustos 1949). ERICHSEN, Regine, “The Politics Behind Scientific Transfer Between Turkey and Germany In The Case Of The “Yüksek Ziraat Enstitüsü” In Ankara”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi (SBF) Dergisi, Cilt: 55, Sayı: 2, (Nisan–Haziran), 2000. ERK, Nihal, “Türkiye’de Veteriner Hekimlik Öğretiminin Başlangıcı ve Bugüne Kadar Geçirdiği Safhalar Üzerinde Yeni Araştırmalar”, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 6, Sayı: 1-2, (Ankara 1959). GÖZCÜ, Alev, “Atatürk Döneminde Türkiye’de Tarımın Gelişiminde Alman Etkisi”, Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: XVIII, Sayı: 36, (Bahar 2018). İLİSULU, Kâmil, “Patateste Tohumluk İntihabında ve Muhafazasında Ne Kadar İtina Gösterilirse Patateste Kazançta O Nispette Artmaktadır”, Ziraat Dergisi, Yıl: 15, Sayı: 132, (1955). KADIOĞLU, Sevtap, “Ankara Yüksek Ziraat Enstitüsü’nde Mülteci Bilim Adamları”, Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, Cilt: IX, Sayı: 1-2, (2008). KEMAL, Ömer, “Adana Maarif Tarihinden: Ziraat Lisesi”, Türk Sözü, 7 Teşrinisâni 1934. KIRAÇ, Ali Numan, “Orta Anadolu Yaylasında Dry-farming Yöntemine Uygun Çalışmak”, Eskişehir Halkevi Dergisi, Sayı: 25, (30 Teşrinisani/Kasım 1934). KIRKPINAR Nurullah, “Türkiye’de Modern Ziraatın Mimarlarından Şevket Raşit Hatipoğlu Ve Ziraat Vekâleti Dönemindeki Faaliyetleri (1942-1946)”, 9. Atatürk Kongresi, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yay., Ankara, 2020. KIRKPINAR, Nurullah, “Bereketli Topraklarda “Üretmek” ve “Paylaşmak”: İzmir’de Zeytin-Zeytinyağı Üretimi İle Ticareti Üzerine Tarihsel Bir Bakış (1923-1938)”, Şehir, Kültür ve Medeniyet: Çaka Bey’den Günümüze İzmir, 1. Baskı, Cilt: II, (Edit.: Turan Gökçe-Hüseyin Çalış), İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Yay., İzmir, 2022. KLEYE, Herr, “Adapazarı Patates Islah İstasyonu Raporu”, 1931 Birinci Ziraat Kongresi İhtisas Raporları, Cilt: 1, Milli İktisat ve Tasarruf Cemiyeti, Ankara, 1931. SARIKAYA, İ. Hakkı, “Esad Muhlis Erkmen”, Tarım ve Köyişleri Dergisi, Sayı: 30, (Ankara 1988). TATAN, Fikri, “Adapazarı Patates Tohumluğu Meselesi”, Ziraat ve Ticaret Gazetesi, Cilt: 29, Sayı: 145, (Mart 1952). TÜMERTEKİN, Erol, “Kurak Bölgelerde Ziraat”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, İstanbul, 1937. YAZMAN, Selim Cavid, “Ziraat Ordusuna Eleman Yetiştiren Bir Müessese: Bursa Ziraat Mektebi”, İktisadi Yürüyüş, Yıl: 2, Cilt: 4, Sayı: 37, (Haziran 1941). YILDIRIM, Seyfi, “Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyete Bir Bürokrat ve Siyasetçi: Mehmet Sabri Toprak (1878-1938)”, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, Cilt: 24, Sayı: 71, (2008). “Oldenburg”, Hâkimiyeti Milliye, 4 Temmuz 1930, s. 1. “Ziraat Mütehassısları Oldenburg ve Smit”, Cumhuriyet, 8 Temmuz 1927, ss. 1-3. “Ziraat Mütehassısları”, Milliyet, 8 Temmuz 1927, s. 3. “Mütehassıs Her Oldenburg”, Cumhuriyet, 5 Ağustos 1927, s. 2. “Ziraatımız Ne Surette Islah Edilecektir”, Cumhuriyet, 5 Ağustos 1927, ss. 1-2. “Ziraat Mektepleri Tetkik Heyeti Bursa’ya Geldi”, Asrî Çiftçi, Sayı: 1, 15 Ağustos 1927, s. 25. “Ziraat Elemanlarımızın İrfan Ocağı: Yüksek Ziraat Enstitüsü”, İktisadi Yürüyüş (Ziraat Fevkalâde Sayısı), Sayı: 68-69-70, (29 Teşrinievvel 1942). KIRKPINAR, Nurullah, “Türkiye’de Zirai Eğitim (1923—1963)”, Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), İzmir, 2022. Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Atatürk İlkeleri İnkılap Tarihi Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri Yazarlar Nurullah Kırkpınar Bir kuruma bağlı değildir 0000-0002-6540-9822 Türkiye
Proje Numarası – Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Aralık 2023 Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023 Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Ağustos 2023 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 47
Kaynak Göster Chicago Kırkpınar, Nurullah. “ATATÜRK DÖNEMİ’NDE TARIM POLİTİKALARININ BELİRLENMESİNDE YABANCI ETKİSİ: OLDENBURG RAPORU’NUN ROLÜ”. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 23, sy. 47 (Aralık 2023): 733-89.
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