Balmumu Uygulanmış Erik (Prunus domestica L.) Odununda Bazı Yüzey Özellikleri Üzerine Farklı Kat Sayılarının Etkileri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 2 – 8, 30.06.2024

Hüseyin Peker Elif Hümeyra Bilginer Ümit Ayata Osman Çamlıbel Levent Gürleyen

Öz

In this study, the effects of different coating layers (1, 2, and 3) on some surface properties (glossiness, color parameters, and whiteness index: WI*) of wax-applied plum (Prunus domestica L.) wood were investigated. According to the results, the factor of the number of layers was found to be significant in all tests based on the analysis of variance. With an increase in the wax layer count, the L*, ho, and WI* values decreased in both directions. a*, C*, b*, and the glossiness values at 60 and 85 degrees increased in both directions. ∆E* values were determined as 9.16 for 1 layer of wax, 11.36 for 2 layers, and 11.14 for 3 layers. It’s evident that wax causes a change in the surface properties of the wooden material, and additionally, as the ∆E* values for the 2 and 3 layer applications are close to each other, it can be suggested that a 3-layer application might not be necessary.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Glossiness, wax, color, whiteness index, plum, Prunus domestica L.

Kaynakça

• [1] George B., Suttie E., Merlin A., Deglise X., Photodegradation and photostabilisation of wood-the state of the art, Polymer degradation and stability, 88(2): (2005) 268-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.10.018.
• [2] Chang C.C., Lu K.T., Organic-inorganic hybrid linseed oil-based urethane oil wood coatings, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 134(10): (2017) 44562. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/app.44562.
• [3] Rowell R.M., Banks W.B., Water repellency and dimensional stability of wood. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-50. Madison, WI: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory; (1985) 24 pages. https://doi.org/10.2737/FPLGTR- 50.
• [4] Liu R., Liu X., Zhang Y., Liu J., Gong C., Dong Y., Li J., Shi J., Wu M.,. Paraffin pickering emulsion stabilized with nano-SiO2 designed for wood impregnation. Forests, 11(7): (2020) 726. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11070726.
• [5] Schultz T.P., Nicholas D.D., Ingram Jr L.L., Laboratory and outdoor water repellency and dimensional stability of southern pine sapwood treated with a waterborne water repellent made from resin acids, Holzforschung, 61(3): (2007) 317-322. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2007.044.
• [6] Akçay Ç., Determination of decay, larvae resistance, water uptake, color, and hardness properties of wood impregnated with honeybee wax, BioResources 15(4): (2020) 8339-8354. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.8339-8354.
• [7] Liu X., Timar M.C., Varodi A.M., Nedelcu R., Torcătoru M.J., Colour and surface chemistry changes of wood surfaces coated with two types of waxes after seven years exposure to natural light in indoor conditions, Coatings, 12(11): (2022) 1689. DOI: 10.3390/coatings12111689.
• [8] Chen C., Chen, J., Zhang S., Cao J., Wang W., Forming textured hydrophobic surface coatings via mixed wax emulsion impregnation and drying of poplar wood, Wood Science and Technology, 54: (2020) 421-439. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00226-020-01156-7.
• [9] Zhang J.W., Liu H.H., Yang L., Han T.Q., Yin Q., Effect of moderate temperature thermal modification combined with wax impregnation on wood properties, Applied Sciences, 10(22): (2020) 8231. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228231.
• [10] Niu K., Song K., Surface coating and interfacial properties of hot-waxed wood using modified polyethylene wax, Progress in Organic Coatings, 150: (2021) 105947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105947.
• [11] Janesch J., Arminger B., Gindl-Altmutter W., Hansmann C., Superhydrophobic coatings on wood made of plant oil and natural wax, Progress in Organic Coatings, 148: (2020) 105891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105891.
• [12] OCDE Consensus Document on the Biology of Prunus spp. (Stone fruits), Environment Directorate. Paris: OECD Environment Directorate, (2002) pp. 1-42.
• [13] Milošević N., Glišić I., Đorđević M., Cerović R., Radičević S., Marić S., Milošević T., Nikolić D., Influence of pollination treatments and temperature regimes on progamic phase and fruit set in three European plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars tollerant/resistant to Sharka virüs, European Journal of Agronomy, 149: (2023) 126909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2023.126909.
• [14] Sekse L., Plum production in Norway, VIII International Symposium on Plum and Prune Genetics, Breeding and Pomology, Acta Horticulturae, 734: (2007) 23-26. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.734.1. [15] Cerović R., Akšić M.F., Đorđević M., Meland M., The effects of pollinizers on pollen tube growth and fruit set of European plum (Prunus domestica L.) in a Nordic climate, Scientia Horticulturae, 288: (2021) 110390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110390.
• [16] Ortega-Vidal J., Ruiz-Martos L., Salido S., Altarejos J., Proanthocyanidins in pruning wood extracts of four European plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars and their hLDHA inhibitory activity, Chemistry & Biodiversity, e202200931 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202200931.
• [17] Chittendon F.R.H.S., Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement, Oxford University Press (1956).
• [18] Huxley A., The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. MacMillan Press (1992). ISBN: 0-333-47494-5
• [19] Facciola S., Cornucopia: A Source Book of Edible Plants, Kampong Publication, (1990). ISBN: 0-9628087-0-9
• [20] Remiarz T., Forest Gardening in Practice: An Illustrated Practical Guide for Homes, Communities and Enterprises, Permanent Publications. (2017). ISBN: 185623293X.
• [21] Milosevic T., Milosevic N., Mratinic E., Morphogenic variability of some autochthonous plum cultivars in western Serbia, Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 53: (2010) 1293-1297.
• [22] Ayata Ü., İzmir yöresinde yetişen erik, karabiber ve tespih odunlarının statik sertliğinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2): (2019) 94-102. https://doi.org/10.33725/mamad.571364.
• [23] Çavuş V., Sahin S., Esteves B., Ayata U., Determination of thermal conductivity properties in some wood species obtained from Turkey, Bioresources, 14(3): (2019) 6709- 6715. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.6709-6715.
• [24] TS ISO 13061-1, Odunun fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri – Kusursuz küçük ahşap numunelerin deney yöntemleri – Bölüm 1: Fiziksel ve mekanik deneyler için nem muhtevasının belirlenmesi, Türk Standartları Enstsitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye (2021).
• [25] ASTM D 2244-3, Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2007).
• [26] Lange D.R., Fundamentals of Colourimetry – Application Report No. 10e. DR Lange: New York, NY, USA (1999).
• [27] DIN 5033, Deutsche Normen, Farbmessung. Normenausschuß Farbe (FNF) im DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung eV, Beuth, Berlin März. (1979).
• [28] ASTM E313-15e1, Standard practice for calculating yellowness and whiteness indices from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. (2015).
• [29] ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes – determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. (1994).
• [30] Molino J.A., Kennedy J.F., Beuse P.A., Miller C.C., Davis W., Andersen C.K., Daytime color appearance of retroreflective traffic control sign materials (No. FHWA-HRT-13-018). United States, Federal Highway Administration (2013).
• [31] ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes – Determination of gloss value at 20°, 60° and 85°, Standard, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. (2014).

Balmumu Uygulanmış Erik (Prunus domestica L.) Odununda Bazı Yüzey Özellikleri Üzerine Farklı Kat Sayılarının Etkileri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 2 – 8, 30.06.2024

Hüseyin Peker Elif Hümeyra Bilginer Ümit Ayata Osman Çamlıbel Levent Gürleyen

Öz

Bu araştırmada, balmumu uygulanmış erik (Prunus domestica L.) odununda bazı yüzey özellikleri (parlaklık, renk parametreleri ve beyazlık indeksi: WI*) üzerine farklı kat sayılarının (1, 2 ve 3) etkileri araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, varyans analizi sonuçlarında kat sayısı faktörü açısından bütün testler anlamlı olarak tespit edilmiştir. Balmumu uygulamasına ait kat sayısının artmasıyla L*, ho ve WI* (her iki yönde) değerleri azalmıştır. a*, C*, b* ile 60 ve 85 derecelerde yapılan her iki yöndeki parlaklık değerleri artış göstermiştir. ∆E* değerleri 1 kat balmumu ile 9.16, 2 kat balmumu ile 11.36 ve 3 kat balmumu ile 11.14 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Balmumu ile ahşap malzemenin yüzey özelliklerinde değişikliğe sebep olduğu, buna ek olarak 2 ve 3 kat uygulamalarındaki ∆E* değerlerinin birbirine yakın elde edilmesiyle 3 kat uygulamasının gerek olmadığı söylene bilinir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Parlaklık, balmumu, renk, beyazlık indeksi, erik, Prunus domestica L.

Kaynakça

• [1] George B., Suttie E., Merlin A., Deglise X., Photodegradation and photostabilisation of wood-the state of the art, Polymer degradation and stability, 88(2): (2005) 268-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.10.018.
• [2] Chang C.C., Lu K.T., Organic-inorganic hybrid linseed oil-based urethane oil wood coatings, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 134(10): (2017) 44562. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/app.44562.
• [3] Rowell R.M., Banks W.B., Water repellency and dimensional stability of wood. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-50. Madison, WI: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory; (1985) 24 pages. https://doi.org/10.2737/FPLGTR- 50.
• [4] Liu R., Liu X., Zhang Y., Liu J., Gong C., Dong Y., Li J., Shi J., Wu M.,. Paraffin pickering emulsion stabilized with nano-SiO2 designed for wood impregnation. Forests, 11(7): (2020) 726. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11070726.
• [5] Schultz T.P., Nicholas D.D., Ingram Jr L.L., Laboratory and outdoor water repellency and dimensional stability of southern pine sapwood treated with a waterborne water repellent made from resin acids, Holzforschung, 61(3): (2007) 317-322. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2007.044.
• [6] Akçay Ç., Determination of decay, larvae resistance, water uptake, color, and hardness properties of wood impregnated with honeybee wax, BioResources 15(4): (2020) 8339-8354. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.8339-8354.
• [7] Liu X., Timar M.C., Varodi A.M., Nedelcu R., Torcătoru M.J., Colour and surface chemistry changes of wood surfaces coated with two types of waxes after seven years exposure to natural light in indoor conditions, Coatings, 12(11): (2022) 1689. DOI: 10.3390/coatings12111689.
• [8] Chen C., Chen, J., Zhang S., Cao J., Wang W., Forming textured hydrophobic surface coatings via mixed wax emulsion impregnation and drying of poplar wood, Wood Science and Technology, 54: (2020) 421-439. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00226-020-01156-7.
• [9] Zhang J.W., Liu H.H., Yang L., Han T.Q., Yin Q., Effect of moderate temperature thermal modification combined with wax impregnation on wood properties, Applied Sciences, 10(22): (2020) 8231. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228231.
• [10] Niu K., Song K., Surface coating and interfacial properties of hot-waxed wood using modified polyethylene wax, Progress in Organic Coatings, 150: (2021) 105947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105947.
• [11] Janesch J., Arminger B., Gindl-Altmutter W., Hansmann C., Superhydrophobic coatings on wood made of plant oil and natural wax, Progress in Organic Coatings, 148: (2020) 105891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105891.
• [12] OCDE Consensus Document on the Biology of Prunus spp. (Stone fruits), Environment Directorate. Paris: OECD Environment Directorate, (2002) pp. 1-42.
• [13] Milošević N., Glišić I., Đorđević M., Cerović R., Radičević S., Marić S., Milošević T., Nikolić D., Influence of pollination treatments and temperature regimes on progamic phase and fruit set in three European plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars tollerant/resistant to Sharka virüs, European Journal of Agronomy, 149: (2023) 126909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2023.126909.
• [14] Sekse L., Plum production in Norway, VIII International Symposium on Plum and Prune Genetics, Breeding and Pomology, Acta Horticulturae, 734: (2007) 23-26. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.734.1. [15] Cerović R., Akšić M.F., Đorđević M., Meland M., The effects of pollinizers on pollen tube growth and fruit set of European plum (Prunus domestica L.) in a Nordic climate, Scientia Horticulturae, 288: (2021) 110390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110390.
• [16] Ortega-Vidal J., Ruiz-Martos L., Salido S., Altarejos J., Proanthocyanidins in pruning wood extracts of four European plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars and their hLDHA inhibitory activity, Chemistry & Biodiversity, e202200931 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202200931.
• [17] Chittendon F.R.H.S., Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement, Oxford University Press (1956).
• [18] Huxley A., The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. MacMillan Press (1992). ISBN: 0-333-47494-5
• [19] Facciola S., Cornucopia: A Source Book of Edible Plants, Kampong Publication, (1990). ISBN: 0-9628087-0-9
• [20] Remiarz T., Forest Gardening in Practice: An Illustrated Practical Guide for Homes, Communities and Enterprises, Permanent Publications. (2017). ISBN: 185623293X.
• [21] Milosevic T., Milosevic N., Mratinic E., Morphogenic variability of some autochthonous plum cultivars in western Serbia, Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 53: (2010) 1293-1297.
• [22] Ayata Ü., İzmir yöresinde yetişen erik, karabiber ve tespih odunlarının statik sertliğinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2): (2019) 94-102. https://doi.org/10.33725/mamad.571364.
• [23] Çavuş V., Sahin S., Esteves B., Ayata U., Determination of thermal conductivity properties in some wood species obtained from Turkey, Bioresources, 14(3): (2019) 6709- 6715. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.6709-6715.
• [24] TS ISO 13061-1, Odunun fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri – Kusursuz küçük ahşap numunelerin deney yöntemleri – Bölüm 1: Fiziksel ve mekanik deneyler için nem muhtevasının belirlenmesi, Türk Standartları Enstsitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye (2021).
• [25] ASTM D 2244-3, Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2007).
• [26] Lange D.R., Fundamentals of Colourimetry – Application Report No. 10e. DR Lange: New York, NY, USA (1999).
• [27] DIN 5033, Deutsche Normen, Farbmessung. Normenausschuß Farbe (FNF) im DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung eV, Beuth, Berlin März. (1979).
• [28] ASTM E313-15e1, Standard practice for calculating yellowness and whiteness indices from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. (2015).
• [29] ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes – determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. (1994).
• [30] Molino J.A., Kennedy J.F., Beuse P.A., Miller C.C., Davis W., Andersen C.K., Daytime color appearance of retroreflective traffic control sign materials (No. FHWA-HRT-13-018). United States, Federal Highway Administration (2013).
• [31] ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes – Determination of gloss value at 20°, 60° and 85°, Standard, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. (2014).

Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Kaynak Göster

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