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Bankaların Karlılığına Etki Eden Faktörlerin Tespiti: Türk Bankacılık Sektörü İçin Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Testi Bulguları Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 2, 215 – 230, 30.04.2024
Levent Sezal
https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1309122
Öz Purpose: The main purpose of banks is to develop a sustainable profitability policy and to increase their market value. It is important for banks to be in a healthy structure and to increase their profitability continuously for the development of the economies in which they operate. In this study, it is aimed to determine the factors affecting the profitability of the Turkish banking sector and to determine the relations of the variables with each other. Methodology: In the study, monthly data set for the period 02/2011-11/2022 was used. Whether there is any causality between the variables, and if there is causality, what the direction of this relationship is was tested with the “Toda Yamamoto Test” in the form of binary analysis. Findings: According to the test results, there is a Granger causality relationship between the return on assets of the Turkish banking sector and the ratios of “Fees, Commissions and Banking Services Income/Average Total Assets” and “Operating Expenses/Average Total Assets”. Originality: In this study, the analysis of the Turkish banking sector data with external independent variables different from the studies in the literature constitutes the original aspect of the study.
Anahtar Kelimeler Turkish Banking Sector, Macroeconomic Factors, Microeconomic Factors, Toda- Yamamoto Test
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(2014). “Kriz Öncesi ve Kriz Sonrası Dönemler İtibariyle Katılım Bankaları ve Ticari Bankaların Karlılığı Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32, 191-201. Gujarati, D.N. (1999). “Basic Econometrics”, McGraw Hill, (3rd Edition), New York. Gündoğdu, F. ve Aksu, H. (2011), “Mevduat bankacılığında Karlılık ve Makro Ekonomik Değişkenler İlişkisi Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu Özel Sayısı, 243-270. Gülhan, Ü. ve Uzunlar, E. (2011). “Bankacılık Sektöründe Karlılığı Etkileyen Faktörler: Türk Bankacılık Sektörüne Yönelik Bir Uygulama”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(1), 341-368. Güngör, B. (2007). “Türkiye’de Faaliyet Gösteren Yerel ve Yabancı Bankaların Kârlılık Seviyelerini Etkileyen Faktörler”, İşletme ve Finans Dergisi, 258(9), 41-61. Güzel, A. ve İltaş, Y. (2018), “Ticari Bankalarda Kârlılığın Belirleyicileri: Türkiye Örneği (2003-2016)”, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(3), 505-534. Hasan, M.S.A., Manurung, A.H. ve Usman, B., (2020). “Cointegration of Oil Price, Exchange Rate and Fed Rate to Bank Performance”, International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(6), 644-649. Ho, T. ve Saunders. A. (1981). “The Determinants of Bank Interest Margins: Theory and Empirical Evidence”, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 16(4), 581-600. Jain, A. ve Ghosh, S., (2013), “Dynamics of Global Oil Prices, Exchange Rate and Precious Metal Prices in India”, Resources Policy, 38(1), 88-93. Jiang, G., Tang, N., Law, E. ve Sze, A. (2003). “The Profitability of the Banking Sector in Hong Kong”, Hong Kong Monetary Authority Quarterly Bulletin, Hong Kong. Kayran, O. (2020). “Bankalarda Gelir Çeşitlendirmesinin Performans Üzerine Etkileri ve Türkiye’deki Mevduat Bankalarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul. Killins, R.N. ve Mollick, A.V. (2020). “Performance of Canadian Banks and Oil Price Movements”, Research in International Business and Finance, 54, 1-16. Küçükbay, F. (2017). “Banka Kârlılığını Etkileyen Faktörler: Avrupa Birliği Bankaları ve Türk Bankaları Arasında Bir Karşılaştırma”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 24(1), 137-149. Lipunga, M.A. (2014). “Determinants of Profitability of Listed Commercial Banks in Developing Countries: Evidence from Malawi”, Research Journal of Finance and Accounting 5(6), 41-49. Liu H. ve Wilson, J. (2010). “The Profitability of Banks in Japan”, Applied Financial Economics, 20(24), 1851-1866. Poyraz, E. (2012). “Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Optimal Kredi Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi”, Business and Economics Research Journal, 3(2), 41-49. Reis, Ş.G., Kılıç, Y. ve Buğan, M.F. (2016). “Banka Karlılığını Etkileyen Faktörler: Türkiye Örneği”, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 72, 21-36. DOI: 10.25095/mufad.396715 Riaz, S. ve Ayup, M. (2013). “The Impact of Bank Specific and Macroeconomic Indicators on the Profitability of Commercial Banks”, The Romanian Economic Journal, 16(47), 91-110. Samırkaş, C.M., Evci, S. ve Ergün, B. (2014). “Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Kârlılığın Belirleyicileri”, Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(8), 117-134. Sufian, F. ve Habibullah, M.S. (2009). “Determinants of Bank Profitability in A Developing Economy: Empirical Evidence From Bangladesh”, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 10(3), 207-217. Suganya, S.J. ve Kengatharan, L. (2018). “Impact of Bank Internal Factors on Profitability of Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka: A Panel Data Analysis”, Journal of Business Studies, 5(1), 61-74. Tan, Y. ve Floros, C. (2012). “Bank Profitability and Inflation: The Case of China”, Journal of Economic Studies, 6(39), 675-696. Taşkın, D.F. (2011). “Türkiye’de Ticari Bankaların Performansını Etkileyen Faktörler”, Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(2), 289-298. Toda, H.Y., ve Yamamoto, T. (1995). “Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes”, Journal of Econometrics, 66(1), 225-250. Trujillo-Ponce, A. (2013). “What Determines the Profitability of Banks? Evidence from Spain”, Accounting and Finance, 53(2), 561-586. Yavuz, N. Ç. (2006). “Türkiye’de Turizm Gelirlerinin Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisinin Testi: Yapısal Kırılma Ve Nedensellik Analizi.” Doğuş üniversitesi dergisi, 7(2), 162-171. Yıldırım, O. (2008). “Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Karlılığın Belirleyicileri”, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara. Yılmaz, A.A. (2013). “Profitability of Banking System: Evidence From Emerging Markets”, WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings,105-111.
Bankaların Karlılığına Etki Eden Faktörlerin Tespiti: Türk Bankacılık Sektörü İçin Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Testi Bulguları Yıl 2024, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 2, 215 – 230, 30.04.2024
Levent Sezal
https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1309122
Öz Amaç: Bankaların temel amacı sürdürülebilir kârlılık politikası geliştirmek ve piyasa değerini artırmaktır. Bankaların sağlıklı bir yapı içerisinde olması ve kârlılıklarını sürekli olarak artırması faaliyet gösterdiği ekonomilerin gelişmesi açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Türk bankacılık sektörü kârlılığına etki eden faktörlerin tespiti ve değişkenlerin birbirleri olan ilişkilerinin belirlemesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada, 02/2011-11/2022 dönemine ait aylık veri seti kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasında herhangi bir nedenselliğin olup olmadığı, nedensellik mevcutsa bu ilişkinin yönünün ne olduğu “Toda Yamamoto Testi” ile ikili analiz şeklinde test edilmiştir. Bulgular: Test sonuçlarına göre, Türk bankacılık sektörünün aktif karlılığı ile “Ücret, Komisyon ve Bankacılık Hizmetleri Gelirleri/Ortalama Toplam Aktifler” ve “İşletme Giderleri/Ortalama Toplam Aktifler” rasyoları arasında Granger nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özgünlük: Çalışmada, Türk bankacılık sektörü verilerinin literatürdeki çalışmalardan farklı dışsal bağımsız değişkenlerle analize tabi tutulması çalışmanın özgün yanını oluşturmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler Türk Bankacılık Sektörü, Dışsal Ekonomik Faktörler, İçsel Ekonomik Faktörler, Toda -Yamamoto Testi
Kaynakça Abate, T.W. ve Mesfin, E.A., (2019). “Factors Affecting Profitability of Commercial Banks in Ethiopia”, International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 6(1), 881-891. Albulescu, C.T. (2015). "Banks' Profitability and Financial Soundness Indicators: A Macro-Level Investigation in Emerging Countries", Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 203-209. Arslan, Z. ve Yağcılar, G. (2021). “Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Performansın Belirleyicileri”, Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 56(3), 2111-2131. Athanasoglou, P., Brissimis, S., ve Delis, M. (2008). “Bank-Specific, IndustrySpecific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Bank Profitability”, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 121-136. Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK). (2022). “Türk Bankacılık Sektörü Temel Göstergeleri”, https://www.bddk.org.tr/Veri/EkGetir/8?ekId=131 (Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2023). Bumin, M. (2009). “Türk Bankacılık Sektörünün Karlılık Analizi: 2002-2008”, Maliye Finans Yazıları, 23(84), 39-60. Capraru, B. and Ihnatov, I. (2014). “Banks’ Profitability in Selected Central and Eastern European Countries”, 21st International Economic Conference, 587-591. Chronopoulos, D., Liu, H., McMillan, F. ve Wilson, J. (2015). “The Dynamics of US Bank Profitability”, The European Journal of Finance, 21(5), 426-443. Curak, M., Poposki, K. ve Pepur, S. (2012). "Profitability Determinants of the Macedonian Banking Sector in Changing Environment", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 44, 406-416. Çelik, S. ve Kaya, F. (2021). “Banka Kârlılığına Etki Eden Mikro Değişkenler: Türk Bankacılık Sektöründeki Yerli ve Yabancı Bankalar Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(1), 719-738. Demirhan, D. (2010). “Türkiye’deki Mevduat Bankalarının Finansal Yapıya İlişkin Kararlarının Karlılık Üzerine Etkileri”, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 45, 157-168. Dizgil, E. (2017). “Türkiye’deki Mevduat Bankalarının Karlılığını Etkileyen Mikro Düzeyli Faktörler Üzerine Ampirik Bir Araştırma”, BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, 11(2), 31-52. Dietrich, A. ve Wanzenried, G. (2014). “The Determinants of Commercial Banking Profitability in Low-Middle-, and High-income Countries", The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 54, 337-354. Djalilov, K. ve Piesse, J. (2016). “Determinants of Bank Profitability in Transition Countries: What Matter Most”, Research of Internationa Business and Finance, 38, 69-82. Doan, T-T. ve Bui, T.N. (2021). “How Does Liquidity Influence Bank Profitability? A Panel Data Approach”, Accounting, 7, 59-64. Garcia, M.T.M., Guerreiro, J.P. ve Silva, M. (2016). “Internal and External Determinants of Banks' Profitability”, Journal of Economic Studies, 43(1), 90-107. Gökalp, F. (2014). “Kriz Öncesi ve Kriz Sonrası Dönemler İtibariyle Katılım Bankaları ve Ticari Bankaların Karlılığı Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32, 191-201. Gujarati, D.N. (1999). “Basic Econometrics”, McGraw Hill, (3rd Edition), New York. Gündoğdu, F. ve Aksu, H. (2011), “Mevduat bankacılığında Karlılık ve Makro Ekonomik Değişkenler İlişkisi Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu Özel Sayısı, 243-270. Gülhan, Ü. ve Uzunlar, E. (2011). “Bankacılık Sektöründe Karlılığı Etkileyen Faktörler: Türk Bankacılık Sektörüne Yönelik Bir Uygulama”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(1), 341-368. Güngör, B. (2007). “Türkiye’de Faaliyet Gösteren Yerel ve Yabancı Bankaların Kârlılık Seviyelerini Etkileyen Faktörler”, İşletme ve Finans Dergisi, 258(9), 41-61. Güzel, A. ve İltaş, Y. (2018), “Ticari Bankalarda Kârlılığın Belirleyicileri: Türkiye Örneği (2003-2016)”, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(3), 505-534. Hasan, M.S.A., Manurung, A.H. ve Usman, B., (2020). “Cointegration of Oil Price, Exchange Rate and Fed Rate to Bank Performance”, International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(6), 644-649. Ho, T. ve Saunders. A. (1981). “The Determinants of Bank Interest Margins: Theory and Empirical Evidence”, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 16(4), 581-600. Jain, A. ve Ghosh, S., (2013), “Dynamics of Global Oil Prices, Exchange Rate and Precious Metal Prices in India”, Resources Policy, 38(1), 88-93. Jiang, G., Tang, N., Law, E. ve Sze, A. (2003). “The Profitability of the Banking Sector in Hong Kong”, Hong Kong Monetary Authority Quarterly Bulletin, Hong Kong. Kayran, O. (2020). “Bankalarda Gelir Çeşitlendirmesinin Performans Üzerine Etkileri ve Türkiye’deki Mevduat Bankalarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul. Killins, R.N. ve Mollick, A.V. (2020). “Performance of Canadian Banks and Oil Price Movements”, Research in International Business and Finance, 54, 1-16. Küçükbay, F. (2017). “Banka Kârlılığını Etkileyen Faktörler: Avrupa Birliği Bankaları ve Türk Bankaları Arasında Bir Karşılaştırma”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 24(1), 137-149. Lipunga, M.A. (2014). “Determinants of Profitability of Listed Commercial Banks in Developing Countries: Evidence from Malawi”, Research Journal of Finance and Accounting 5(6), 41-49. Liu H. ve Wilson, J. (2010). “The Profitability of Banks in Japan”, Applied Financial Economics, 20(24), 1851-1866. Poyraz, E. (2012). “Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Optimal Kredi Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi”, Business and Economics Research Journal, 3(2), 41-49. Reis, Ş.G., Kılıç, Y. ve Buğan, M.F. (2016). “Banka Karlılığını Etkileyen Faktörler: Türkiye Örneği”, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 72, 21-36. DOI: 10.25095/mufad.396715 Riaz, S. ve Ayup, M. (2013). “The Impact of Bank Specific and Macroeconomic Indicators on the Profitability of Commercial Banks”, The Romanian Economic Journal, 16(47), 91-110. Samırkaş, C.M., Evci, S. ve Ergün, B. (2014). “Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Kârlılığın Belirleyicileri”, Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(8), 117-134. Sufian, F. ve Habibullah, M.S. (2009). “Determinants of Bank Profitability in A Developing Economy: Empirical Evidence From Bangladesh”, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 10(3), 207-217. Suganya, S.J. ve Kengatharan, L. (2018). “Impact of Bank Internal Factors on Profitability of Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka: A Panel Data Analysis”, Journal of Business Studies, 5(1), 61-74. Tan, Y. ve Floros, C. (2012). “Bank Profitability and Inflation: The Case of China”, Journal of Economic Studies, 6(39), 675-696. Taşkın, D.F. (2011). “Türkiye’de Ticari Bankaların Performansını Etkileyen Faktörler”, Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(2), 289-298. Toda, H.Y., ve Yamamoto, T. (1995). “Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes”, Journal of Econometrics, 66(1), 225-250. Trujillo-Ponce, A. (2013). “What Determines the Profitability of Banks? Evidence from Spain”, Accounting and Finance, 53(2), 561-586. Yavuz, N. Ç. (2006). “Türkiye’de Turizm Gelirlerinin Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisinin Testi: Yapısal Kırılma Ve Nedensellik Analizi.” Doğuş üniversitesi dergisi, 7(2), 162-171. Yıldırım, O. (2008). “Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Karlılığın Belirleyicileri”, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara. Yılmaz, A.A. (2013). “Profitability of Banking System: Evidence From Emerging Markets”, WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings,105-111. Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular İşletme Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Levent Sezal Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksek Okulu 0000-0002-8873-7335 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Haziran 2023 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 58 Sayı: 2
Kaynak Göster APA Sezal, L. (2024). Bankaların Karlılığına Etki Eden Faktörlerin Tespiti: Türk Bankacılık Sektörü İçin Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Testi Bulguları. Verimlilik Dergisi, 58(2), 215-230. https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1309122
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