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Bilal Dedeyev. Sosyo-kültürel ilişkiler bağlamında 15. yüzyıl – 16. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde Anadolu’dan Azerbaycan’a Türkmen göçleri (2016) Skip to content Yıl 2016, Sayı: 77, 103 – 126, 15.03.2016
Bilal DEDEYEV
Öz Anadolu ve Azerbaycan’da yaşanan bazı siyasi gelişmeler ve Azerbaycan orjinli tarikatlardanSafeviliğin etkisiyle 15. yüzyıl ve 16. yüzyılın ilk çeğreğinde bu iki coğrafya halkı arasında sosyokültürelilişkiler bağlamında birtakım yerdeğişmeleri yaşanmıştır. Özellikle 15. yüzyılın ikinciyarısında gerek Safevî propagandasının Anadolu’da artması ve gerekse Osmanlı Devleti’ndeyaşanan yeniden yapılanmalar nedeniyle ortaya çıkan böylesine toplu göçler, Osmanlı topraklarıile Azerbaycan sahasında sosyo-kültürel değişikliklerin yaşanmasında basamak rolü oynamıştır.Bu dönemde Anadolu’dan Azerbaycan’a çok sayıda Türkmen aşireti, Safevî Tarikatı müntesibiolarak göç etmiş ve bunlar Safeviler’in asli gücünü oluşturmuştur. Osmanlı yöneticilerincealınan tüm önlemlere rağmen, Anadolu’dan Azerbaycan’a olan göç önlenememiştir. Böylece,merkezi Erdebil olan Safevî Tarikatı’nın güçlenmesi sonucunda Osmanlı teabası bazı Türkmengruplar Şah İsmail’e desteklerini artırmış ve bu durum Safevî Devleti’nin kuruluşunda etkiliolmuştur. Kısa bir zamanda güçlü hale gelen Safevi Devleti, 1510’dan sonra açıkça OsmanlıDevleti’ni içten tehdit etmeye başlamıştır. II. Bayezid’in yaşlı ve derviş meşrep durumu, budönemde Safeviler’in Osmanlı’daki faaliyetlerini bir nevi kolaylaştırmıştır. Sultan Selim,başlattığı siyasi, dini, ekonomik, millî ve askerî önlemler sonucu 1514’te gerçekleşen Çaldıranzaferiyle Safevi yayılmacılığının önüne kısmen de olsa geçebilmişse de devlet politikası halinegelen Safevilik, Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki etkilerini Celali isyanları ile devam ettirmiş ve SafeviDevleti’ne Anadolu’dan göçler, 16. yüzyıl boyunca sürmüştür.
Anahtar Kelimeler Azerbaycan, Osmanlı Devleti, Safeviler, Anadolu Türkmen aşiretleri, toplu göçler
Kaynakça II. Bayezid Dönemine Ait 906/1501 Tarihli Ahkâm Defteri. (1994). (Haz. İlhanŞahinFeridunEmecen), İstanbul. AKA, İ. (1991). Timur ve Devleti, Ankara. AKDAĞ, M.(1979).Türkiye’nin İktisadî ve İctimaî Tarihi, C. II. Ankara. AKGÜNDÜZ, A.(1990).Osmanlı Kanunnameleri ve Hukuki Tahlilleri. III. (Fatih Devri Kararnameleri), İstanbul. “AKTAN, C.C., DİLEYİCİ, D., ve SARAC, O. (2002).” “Osmanlı Tarihinde Vergi İsyanları-I”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, C.7. S. 2. s. 1-20. AKYILMAZ, G. (2004). “Osmanlı Devletin de Yönetici Sınıf ve Reaya Ayrımı”. Gazi Üniversitesi hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, C. 8, 1/2, Haziran-Aralık, s. 221-241. ANONİM. (1993). Tarih-eKızılbaşan (Kızılbaşlar Tarihi). (Çeviren ve şerhler M.E.Mehemmedi), Bakü. ARAYANCAN, A.A. (2014). “Tarihi Süreçte Muşa’şa’lar”. Gazi Üniversitesi Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli Araştırma Dergisi, Sayı: 72. s. 175-188. ARSLAN, H. (2001).16. yy. Osmanlı Toplumunda Yönetim, Nüfus, İskan, Göç ve Sürgün. İstanbul. ÂŞIKPAŞA-ZÂDE. (1332).Tevârîh-i Âl-i Osman, İstanbul. AZAMAT, N.(1995).“Erdebilî Alaeddin”. Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), C. 11. İstanbul. s. 279. BABİNGER, F., & KÖPRÜLÜ, F.(1994).Anadolu’da İslâmiyet, İstanbul. BAKİHANOV, A. A. (1951).Gülistan-i İrem. Bakü. BAŞKAN, Y. (2012). “Karamanoğullarının Kökeni Meselesi”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, C. XXVII. Sayı-1.Temmuz. s. 23-35. BİLGİLİ, A. S. (2009). “Devletlik Pir; Şeyh Safiyyüddin-i Erdebili Vakfı”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli, Sayı-49. s. 47-94. BOYACIOĞLU, R.(1999).“Karamanoğullarının Kökeni”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, C. III, Say-1, Sivas. s. 51-57. BULUT, H. İ. (2015). “Safevilerin Ehl-i Süneet Karşıtı Politikaları”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Araştırma Dergisi, Sayı: 76. s. 15-30.http://www.hbvdergisi.gazi.edu.tr/index.php/TKHBVD/article/download/1809/1440(12.01.2016) CELÂL-ZÂDE, M. (1990). Selim-name. (Hazırlayanlar: Ahmet Uğur ve Mustafa Çuhadar), Ankara. DEDEYEV, B. (2006). “Azerbaycan ile Osmanlı Devleti Arasında olan İctimaiMünasebetlerdekiKöç Hadiseleri (1450-1520)”. Medeniyet Dünyası, S.12. Bakü. s.263-270. ______________.(2008). “Safevi Tarikatı ve Osmanlı Devleti İlişkileri”. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, S.5. s.217–218. ______________. (2010). “Sultan Yakub Devrinde Akkoyunlu-Osmanlı Münasebetleri ve Safevi Tarikatı”. Haberler, Tarih, Felsefe, Hukuk. Azerbaycan Milli Bilimler Akademisi, № 1-2. Bakü. s.58-72. EBU BEKR-İ TİHRANİ. (2001). Kitab-ı Diyarbekriyye. (Çeviren: Mürsel Öztürk), Ankara. EFENDİYEV, O. (1993). Azerbaycan Safeviler Devleti, Bakü. _____________. (1997). “Timur i Sefevidskiy ŞeyxXadje Ali”, İzvestiya Akademii Nauk Azerbaydjana, № 1-4, s.98-102. EFENDİZADE, O. (1994). “Safevi Devleti’nin Kuruluşunda Azeri Türklerinin Rolüne Dair”. XI. Türk Tarih Kongresi, Ankara: 5-9 Eylül 1990, Kongreye Sunulan Bildiriler II. Cilt, Ankara, s.813-820. EKİNCİ, M. (2002). Anadolu Alevîliğinin Tarihsel Arka Planı, İstanbul. ERDEM, İ. (1991).”Ak-Koyunlu Devleti’ni Meydana Getiren Aşiretler”, (Çeviri J. Woods’un) “The Aqqoyunlu, Clan, ConfederationandEmpire”, Minneapolis (1976) adlı eserinin 197-214 sayfaları arasından yapılmıştır, Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, VI, İzmir, s. 243-265. ___________.(1993). “Ak-Koyunlu Kaynaklarına Göre Otlukbeli (Başkent) Savaşı”. OTAM, 4, s. 151-159. ___________, PAYDAŞ, Kazım. (2007). Akkoyunlu Devleti Tarihi. Siyaset-Teşkilat-Kültür, Ankara. ERŞAHİN, S.(2002). Akkoyunlular, Ankara. EZİMLİ, D. (2013). “Azerbaycan Devlet Geleneğinde Kızılbaşlığın Rolü”. Çıngı Kültür Sanat ve Edebiyat Dergisi, Yıl: 4, Sayı: 21, Eylül/Ekim, s. 21-28. FERİDUN BEY. (1274). Münşeatü’s-Selatin. C. I. İstanbul. GÜNAY, Ü. (2003). “XV. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Toplumunda Sosyo-Kültürel Yapı, Din ve değişme”, Erciyes Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Sayı: 14/1, s. 21-48. GÜNDÜZ, T. (2006). “Dulkadirli Türkmenleri”, I. Kahramanmaraş Sempozyumu Bildirileri, İstanbul. s. 451-455. __________.(2010). Son Kızılbaş Şah İsmail, İstanbul. Haniwaldanus Anonimine Göre Sultan Bayezid-i Veli.(1997). Haz. Richard F. Kreutel. (Kısaltma: Haniwaldanus Anonimi ), İstanbul. HINZ, W. (1992).Uzun Hasan ve Şeyh Cüneyd. (Çev.Tevfik Bıyıklıoğlu), Ankara. HOCA SADEDDİN. (1979). Tâcü’t-Tevârih. (Haz. İsmet Parmaksızoğlu), C. III. İstanbul. İLGÜREL, M. (1993). “Celali İsyanları”. DİA, C. 7. s.252-257. İNALCIK, H. (2011). Kuruluş ve İmparatorluk Sürecinde Osmanlı/Devlet, Kanun, Diplomosi. İstanbul. KARADENİZ, Y. (2014a). “Safevi Devletinin Kuruluşu Meselesi: Kızılbaşların Ortaya Çıkışı” Amasya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 3.Sayı: 3. s.53-67. _______________.(2014b). “Safevi Devletinin Kuruluşu Meselesi II: Safeviler Döneminde Tarikat-Şeriat Mücadelesi”. Journal of QafqazUniversity. Tarih, Hukuk ve Siyasi Bilimler, Volume 2. Number 1. s. 33-39. _______________.(2015). “Safevi Tarikatı’nın Seyyidliği ve Şiiliği Meselesi”. Gazi Üniversitesi Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli Araştırma Dergisi, Sayı: 75. s. 15-28. KIRZIOĞLU, F. (1998).Osmanlılar’ın Kafkas Elleri’ni Fethi (1451-1590), Ankara. KOMİSYON. (1989). “I. Şah İsmail’in Musa Durgutoğlu’na Fermanı”.Azerbaycan Tarihi Üzere Kaynaklar, Bakü. s. 186. KÜÇÜKDAĞ, Y. (2002). “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Şah İsmail’in Şiî Propagandalarına Halvetîye ile Karşı Koyma Politikası”, 13. Türk Tarihi Kongresi, 4-8 Eim 1999 Ankara, Ankara, s. 435-444. ______________. DEDEYEV, B. (2009).“Safevîler’in Nesebine Farklı Bir Bakış”. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Cilt: 2, Sayı: 6, Kış yayını, s. 415-424. MEHMED B. MEHMED. (1270). Nuhbetü’t-Tevarih ve’l-Ahbar, III. kısım. İstanbul. MUSALI, N.(2011). I. Şah İsmailin Hakimiyeti, Bakü. MÜNŞİ, İskender Bey Türkman.(2010). Tarex-e Alemarayi Abbasi. (Farsçadan tercüme Şahin Farzaliyev), Bakü. NECEFLİ, T. (2012). 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(1968). “Yeni Kaynak ve Vesikaların Işığı Altında Yavuz Sultan Selim’in İran Seferi”. İstanbul Edebiyat Fakultesi Tarih Dergisi, XVII/22. s.49-76. ________________. (1977). “Karamanlılar”. İslam Ansiklopedisi (İA), C. VI. İstanbul. s.316 330. TOGAN, Z. V.(1970).“Azerbaycan”. İA. C. II. İstanbul. s. 91-118. UZUNÇARŞILI, İ. H.(1984). Anadolu Beylikleri ve Akkoyunlu, Karakoyunlu Devletleri, Ankara. _________________.(1998). Osmanlı Tarihi, C. II. Ankara. ÜZÜM, İ.(2002). “Kızılbaş”. DİA., C. 25. s.546-557. VİLAYETİ, A. A.(1998). Şah İsmail Safevi Devrinde İranın Harici Alakalar Tarihi, Bakü. YAZICI, T.(1988).“Safevîler”.İA., C. 10. İstanbul. s. 53-59.THE TURKMEN MIGRATIONS FROM ANATOLIA TO AZERBAIJAN IN THE XVTH AND BEGINNING OF THE XVITH CENTURIES IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIO-CULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS Yıl 2016, Sayı: 77, 103 – 126, 15.03.2016
Bilal DEDEYEV
Öz Because of some political developments in Anatolia and Azerbaijan, and with the impact of Azerbaijan-based Safavi religious sect in the XVth century andat the beginning of the XVIththere were several displacements between these two regions in the context of socio-cultural relationship. Especially, in the second half of the XVth century there were such mass migrations because either the increasing of Safavi propoganda in Anatolia or reconstructing in the Ottoman, played a great role in socio-economic exchange between the Ottoman and Azerbaijan. In this period, many Turkmen tribes moved from Anatolia to Azerbaijan as the Safavi followers and formed the main power of Safavids. Despite the preemtive measures by the Ottoman rulers, the movement from Anatolia to Azerbaijan was not prevented. Consequently, with the strengthening of Safavi religious sect in the capital of Ardabil, some Turkmen groups that were the Ottoman subjects, increased their support to Shah Ismail and this situation played a great role in the establishment of Safavi State. In a short period of time, becoming stronger, Safavids started to threaten the Ottoman Empire openly after 1510. The age and dervish factor of Bayazid the II facilitated the Safavids activities in the Ottoman. With the victory of Chaldiran in 1514 as the result of political, religious, economic, national and military measures by Sultan Selim, the plunder of Safavids was partially prevented, but as the state policy the Safavids continued their impact on the Ottoman with the Celali rebels and the movements from Anatolia to Safavi state continued during the XVIth century
Anahtar Kelimeler Azerbaijan, Ottoman Empire, Safavids, Anatolian Turkmen tribes, mass migrations
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İstanbul. ÂŞIKPAŞA-ZÂDE. (1332).Tevârîh-i Âl-i Osman, İstanbul. AZAMAT, N.(1995).“Erdebilî Alaeddin”. Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), C. 11. İstanbul. s. 279. BABİNGER, F., & KÖPRÜLÜ, F.(1994).Anadolu’da İslâmiyet, İstanbul. BAKİHANOV, A. A. (1951).Gülistan-i İrem. Bakü. BAŞKAN, Y. (2012). “Karamanoğullarının Kökeni Meselesi”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, C. XXVII. Sayı-1.Temmuz. s. 23-35. BİLGİLİ, A. S. (2009). “Devletlik Pir; Şeyh Safiyyüddin-i Erdebili Vakfı”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli, Sayı-49. s. 47-94. BOYACIOĞLU, R.(1999).“Karamanoğullarının Kökeni”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, C. III, Say-1, Sivas. s. 51-57. BULUT, H. İ. (2015). “Safevilerin Ehl-i Süneet Karşıtı Politikaları”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Araştırma Dergisi, Sayı: 76. s. 15-30.http://www.hbvdergisi.gazi.edu.tr/index.php/TKHBVD/article/download/1809/1440(12.01.2016) CELÂL-ZÂDE, M. (1990). Selim-name. (Hazırlayanlar: Ahmet Uğur ve Mustafa Çuhadar), Ankara. DEDEYEV, B. 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Kahramanmaraş Sempozyumu Bildirileri, İstanbul. s. 451-455. __________.(2010). Son Kızılbaş Şah İsmail, İstanbul. Haniwaldanus Anonimine Göre Sultan Bayezid-i Veli.(1997). Haz. Richard F. Kreutel. (Kısaltma: Haniwaldanus Anonimi ), İstanbul. HINZ, W. (1992).Uzun Hasan ve Şeyh Cüneyd. (Çev.Tevfik Bıyıklıoğlu), Ankara. HOCA SADEDDİN. (1979). Tâcü’t-Tevârih. (Haz. İsmet Parmaksızoğlu), C. III. İstanbul. İLGÜREL, M. (1993). “Celali İsyanları”. DİA, C. 7. s.252-257. İNALCIK, H. (2011). Kuruluş ve İmparatorluk Sürecinde Osmanlı/Devlet, Kanun, Diplomosi. İstanbul. KARADENİZ, Y. (2014a). “Safevi Devletinin Kuruluşu Meselesi: Kızılbaşların Ortaya Çıkışı” Amasya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 3.Sayı: 3. s.53-67. _______________.(2014b). “Safevi Devletinin Kuruluşu Meselesi II: Safeviler Döneminde Tarikat-Şeriat Mücadelesi”. Journal of QafqazUniversity. Tarih, Hukuk ve Siyasi Bilimler, Volume 2. 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Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mart 2016 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Sayı: 77
Kaynak Göster ISNAD DEDEYEV, Bilal. “SOSYO-KÜLTÜREL İLİŞKİLER BAĞLAMINDA 15.YÜZYIL – 16.YÜZYILIN İLK ÇEYREĞİNDE ANADOLU’DAN AZERBAYCAN’A TÜRKMEN GÖÇLERİ”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi 77 (Mart 2016), 103-126 .
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