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BİREYSEL İŞ UYUŞMAZLIKLARINDA ZORUNLU ARABULUCULUK UYGULAMASININ İŞ MAHKEMELERİNE KATKISI Skip to content Yıl 2024, Sayı: 25, 1326 – 1352, 19.08.2024
Erdal Beşoluk , Abdüssamed Keten , Abdurrahman Keskin
https://doi.org/10.21441/sosyalguvence.1472157
Öz 25 Ekim 2017 tarih ve 30221 sayılı Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanarak yürürlüğe giren 7036 sayılı Kanun’un 3. maddesinde, iş sözleşmesi ve toplu iş sözleşmesine dayanan işçi alacağı ile işe iade talebiyle açılacak davalarda İş Mahkemelerine başvurmadan önce arabulucuya başvurma zorunluluğu getirilmiştir. Böyle bir uygulamaya gidilmesinin temel nedeni iş mahkemelerindeki sürekli artan dava yükünün davaların görülme sürelerini uzatmasıdır. Bu durum hem adaletin zamanında tecelli etmemesine hem de işçilerin hak kayıpları yaşamasına sebebiyet vermektedir. Öte yandan iş uyuşmazlıklarında arabuluculuğun ihtiyari bir yöntemken 7036 sayılı kanun ile zorunlu hale getirilmesi, zorunluluk unsurunun hem anayasal zemine hem de iş hukukunun temel ilkelerine aykırı olup olmadığı tartışmalarını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışma zorunlu arabuluculuğun 2017’den günümüze kadar uygulamada ne ölçüde başarılı olabildiğini mevcut eleştiriler çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Bu çalışma zorunlu arabuluculuk uygulamasının uygulamada yeterli olmamasına rağmen iş mahkemelerinin dava yükünü kayda değer bir şekilde azalttığını savunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler Arabuluculuk, Zorunlu Arabuluculuk, İş Mahkemeleri Kanunu, İşçi-İşveren Uyuşmazlıkları
Kaynakça Adalet Bakanlığı Adli Sicil ve İstatistik Genel Müdürlüğü. (2016). Adli istatistikler 2015. Ankara. Adalet Bakanlığı Adli Sicil ve İstatistik Genel Müdürlüğü. (2019). Adli istatistikler 2018. Ankara. Adalet Bakanlığı Adli Sicil ve İstatistik Genel Müdürlüğü. (2020). Adli istatistikler 2019. Ankara. Adalet Bakanlığı Adli Sicil ve İstatistik Genel Müdürlüğü. (2021). Adli istatistikler 2020. Ankara. Adalet Bakanlığı Adli Sicil ve İstatistik Genel Müdürlüğü. (2022). Adli istatistikler 2021. Ankara Adalet Bakanlığı Adli Sicil ve İstatistik Genel Müdürlüğü. (2023). Adalet istatistikleri 2022. Yayın No:17. Ankara. Adalet Bakanlığı Hukuk İşeri Genel Müdürlüğü. (2020). Korona virüsü hakkında alınacak tedbirler,https://higm.adalet.gov.tr/Resimler/SayfaDokuman/1732020142548Korona%20Vir%C3%BCs%C3%BC%20Hakk%C4%B1nda%20Al%C4%B1nacak%20%20Tedbirler%20Kapsam%C4%B1nda%20Tebligat%20Giderlerinin%20%C3%96denmesine%20%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkin%20Tedbirler.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır, 73640249-045.02[02]-39-2020-E.194/8898, (Erişim: 8 Mart 2023). Adalet Bakanlığı Strateji Geliştirme Başkanlığı ve Avrupa Adaletin Etkinliği Komisyonu (CEPEJ). (2014). Avrupa yargı sistemleri. CEPEJ Çalışmaları No: 20. Akyıldırım, O., Dilan O. ve Önel O. (2017). Hukuk uyuşmazlıklarında arabuluculuk uygulamalarının geliştirilmesi projesi, Nihai Veri Araştırma Raporu. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi. (2015). Arabuluculuk çalışma toplantısı arabulucukla ilgili güncel sorunlar, beklentiler ve öneriler sonuç raporu. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. 1(1), ss.119-133. Arnold, M.Z. (2005). Conciliation of labor court disputes, Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal. 26, ss.401-420. Aydın, B. (2015). Bireysel iş uyuşmazlıkları ve tahkim. Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, 21(2), ss.839-863. AYM., 03.02.2011, E. 2009/83, K.2011/29, RG., 14.05.2011, S. 27933. AYM., 10/07/2013, E. 2012/94, K., 2013/89. AYM., 19.10.2005, E. 2003/66, K.2005/72, RG., 24.11.2007, S. 26710. Bulur, A. (2007). Alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm yolları ve arabuluculuk yöntemi. Ankara Barosu Dergisi, 65(4), ss.30-46. Canbolat, T. (2013). 6356 sayılı kanun’da barışçıl çözüm yolu olarak arabuluculuk. Çalışma ve Toplum, 4(39), ss.247-274. Çırak, Ş. (2006). İş kanunu açısından işyerlerinin denetimi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ankara. Çukur, M. ve Koç, M. (2010). Ülkemizde bireysel iş uyuşmazlıklarının çözümünde özel hakem. Çimento İşveren Dergisi, 24(5), ss.4-29. Doğan Yenisey, K. (2016). İş yargısında zorunlu arabuluculuk. içinde: İş mahkemeleri kanunu tasarısı taslağının değerlendirilmesi, Ed. Doğan Yenisey, K. Ankara: Dumat Ofset, ss.167-193. Erdoğan, E. ve Erzurumlu, N. (2016). Hukuk uyuşmazlıklarında Türkiye’nin arabuluculuk tecrübesi ve zorunlu arabuluculuk taslağı, İstanbul: Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Toplum Araştırmaları Vakfı (SETA). Güzel, A. (2016). İş mahkemeleri kanunu tasarısı taslağı hakkında bazı aykırı düşünceler. Çalışma ve Toplum, 3(50), ss.1131-1146. Hopt, K. J., & Steffek, F. (2013). Mediation: Comparison of laws, regulatory models, fundamental issues. Mediation: Principles and regulation in comparative perspective, Oxford Uni. Press, 3-130. Hukuk Uyuşmazlıklarında Arabuluculuk Kanunu. (2012). 28331 sayılı Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanmıştır.https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6325&MevzuatTur=1&MevzuatTertip=5 adresinden ulaşılmıştır, (Erişim: 21 Mart 2023). İş Mahkemeleri Kanunu Tasarısı, 1211201914003511İMK-GEREKÇELİ DÜZ METİN.pdf (adalet.gov.tr) adresinden ulaşılmıştır , (Erişim: 5 Mart 2023). İş Mahkemeleri Kanunu, (2017). 30221 sayılı Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanmıştır. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171025-8.htm adresinden ulaşılmıştır, (Erişim: 11 Nisan 2023). Karcabey, K. (2016). Zorunlu arabuluculuğun hukukun temel ilkelerine aykırılığı ve uygulanabilirliliğine dair sorunlar. Ankara Barosu Dergisi. (1), ss.457-489. Kekeç, E.K. (2010). Arabuluculuk yoluyla uyuşmazlık çözümünde temel aşamalar ve taktikler. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İzmir. Loi, P. (2016). İtalyan iş hukukunda arabuluculuk ve uzlaşma, içinde: İş mahkemeleri kanunu tasarısı taslağının değerlendirilmesi, Ed. Doğan Yenisey, K. Ankara: Dumat Ofset, ss.121-147. Lokmanoğlu, S. Y. (2018). İş mahkemeleri kanunu ışığında arabuluculuk kavramı. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, (33), ss.863-885. Ministry of Justice. (2012). Employment Tribunals and EAT Statistics 2011-2012. Namlı, M. (2016). İş mahkemeleri kanunu tasarısı taslağı ile getirilen zorunlu arabuluculuk kurumunun medeni usul hukuku bakımından değerlendirilmesi. İçinde: İş mahkemeleri kanunu tasarısı taslağının değerlendirilmesi, Ed. Doğan Yenisey, K. Ankara: Dumat Ofset, ss.151-167. Oğuz, Ö. (2016). Türk iş hukuku’nda alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm yolları, İstanbul: Legal Yayınevi. Orhan, S. ve Eşiyok, Y. (2021). Bireysel iş uyuşmazlıkları ve alternatif çözüm yolları üzerine. İçinde: Çalışma ekonomisi ve endüstri ilişkileri seçme yazılar – V, Ed. Selek Öz, C., Değişim: Sakarya, ss.83-106. Özbay, İ. (2006). Alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm yöntemleri. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(3-4), ss.459-475. Özbek, M. (2006). Sosyal devletin gereği: adalete erişim. Medeni Usul ve İcra İflas Hukuku Dergisi, 2(4), ss.907-927 Özbek, M. (2007). Avrupa birliğinde alternatif uyuşmazlık çözümü. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, 68, ss.265-320. Özbek, M. (2007). Avrupa konseyi arabuluculuk yönergesi önerisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 56(1), ss.183-231. Özdemir, E. (2015). İş mahkemelerinin işleyişi ve bireysel iş uyuşmazlıklarının alternatif çözüm yöntemleri. Çalışma ve Toplum, 4(47), ss.185-222. Özdemir, O. (2016). Bireysel iş uyuşmazlıklarında arabuluculuk. İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuası, 74(Özel Sayı), ss.601-615. Özmumcu, S. (2016). Karşılaştırmalı hukuk ve türk hukuku açısından zorunlu arabuluculuk sistemine genel bir bakış. İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuası, 74(2), ss.842-807. Perçin, G. E. (2011). Alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm yöntemlerinden arabuluculuğun hukuksal düzenlemelerdeki yeri. Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni, 31(2), ss.177-201. Quek, D. (2010). Mandatory mediation: an oxymoron-examining the feasibility of implementing a court-mandated mediation program. Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution,11(2), ss.479-509. Quek, D. (2010). “Mandatory Mediation: An Oxymoron Examinig the Feasibility of Implementing a Court-Mandated Mediation Program” Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution, V. 11, No. 2. Sümer, H. H. (2020). İş hukuku. 25. Baskı, Konya: Seçkin Yayıncılık. Tanrıver, S. (2006). Hukuk uyuşmazlıkları bağlamında alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm yolları ve özellikle arabuluculuk. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, (64), ss.151-178. Tuğsavul, M.T. (2009). Arabuluculuk kanun tasarısı çerçevesinde türk hukukunda arabuluculuk. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İstanbul. Winesstone, J. (2015). Mandatory mediation: a comparative rewiev of how legislatures in california and ontario are mandating the peacemaking process in their adversarial systems. Mediate, http://www.mediate.com/articles/WinestoneJ4.cfm adresinden ulaşılmıştır, (Erişim: 29 Haziran 2023).
THE CONTRIBUTION OF MANDATORY MEDİATİON PRACTICE IN INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYMENT DISPUTES TO LABOR COURTS Yıl 2024, Sayı: 25, 1326 – 1352, 19.08.2024
Erdal Beşoluk , Abdüssamed Keten , Abdurrahman Keskin
https://doi.org/10.21441/sosyalguvence.1472157
Öz The third article of Law No. 7036, which was published in the Official Gazette dated October 25, 2017, and numbered 30221, introduced a requirement to apply to a mediator before filing lawsuits for worker claims and reinstatement demands based on employment contracts and collective bargaining agreements. The primary reason for implementing such a measure is the increasing caseload in labor courts, which prolongs the duration of trials. This situation not only prevents justice from being delivered in a timely manner but also leads to losses of rights for workers. On the other hand, the transition of mediation in labor disputes from a voluntary method to a mandatory one with Law No. 7036 has sparked debates on whether this mandatory aspect contradicts the constitutional basis and the fundamental principles of labor law. This study examines the extent to which mandatory mediation has been successful in practice since its implementation in 2017, within the framework of existing criticisms. The study argues that although the mandatory mediation practice has not been entirely adequate in practice, it has significantly reduced the caseload of labor courts.
Anahtar Kelimeler Mediation, Mandatory Mediation, Labor Courts Act, Employer-Employee Disputes
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Aydın, B. (2015). Bireysel iş uyuşmazlıkları ve tahkim. Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, 21(2), ss.839-863. AYM., 03.02.2011, E. 2009/83, K.2011/29, RG., 14.05.2011, S. 27933. AYM., 10/07/2013, E. 2012/94, K., 2013/89. AYM., 19.10.2005, E. 2003/66, K.2005/72, RG., 24.11.2007, S. 26710. Bulur, A. (2007). Alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm yolları ve arabuluculuk yöntemi. Ankara Barosu Dergisi, 65(4), ss.30-46. Canbolat, T. (2013). 6356 sayılı kanun’da barışçıl çözüm yolu olarak arabuluculuk. Çalışma ve Toplum, 4(39), ss.247-274. Çırak, Ş. (2006). İş kanunu açısından işyerlerinin denetimi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ankara. Çukur, M. ve Koç, M. (2010). Ülkemizde bireysel iş uyuşmazlıklarının çözümünde özel hakem. Çimento İşveren Dergisi, 24(5), ss.4-29. Doğan Yenisey, K. (2016). İş yargısında zorunlu arabuluculuk. içinde: İş mahkemeleri kanunu tasarısı taslağının değerlendirilmesi, Ed. Doğan Yenisey, K. Ankara: Dumat Ofset, ss.167-193. Erdoğan, E. ve Erzurumlu, N. (2016). Hukuk uyuşmazlıklarında Türkiye’nin arabuluculuk tecrübesi ve zorunlu arabuluculuk taslağı, İstanbul: Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Toplum Araştırmaları Vakfı (SETA). Güzel, A. (2016). İş mahkemeleri kanunu tasarısı taslağı hakkında bazı aykırı düşünceler. Çalışma ve Toplum, 3(50), ss.1131-1146. Hopt, K. J., & Steffek, F. (2013). Mediation: Comparison of laws, regulatory models, fundamental issues. Mediation: Principles and regulation in comparative perspective, Oxford Uni. Press, 3-130. Hukuk Uyuşmazlıklarında Arabuluculuk Kanunu. (2012). 28331 sayılı Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanmıştır.https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6325&MevzuatTur=1&MevzuatTertip=5 adresinden ulaşılmıştır, (Erişim: 21 Mart 2023). İş Mahkemeleri Kanunu Tasarısı, 1211201914003511İMK-GEREKÇELİ DÜZ METİN.pdf (adalet.gov.tr) adresinden ulaşılmıştır , (Erişim: 5 Mart 2023). İş Mahkemeleri Kanunu, (2017). 30221 sayılı Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanmıştır. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171025-8.htm adresinden ulaşılmıştır, (Erişim: 11 Nisan 2023). Karcabey, K. (2016). Zorunlu arabuluculuğun hukukun temel ilkelerine aykırılığı ve uygulanabilirliliğine dair sorunlar. Ankara Barosu Dergisi. (1), ss.457-489. Kekeç, E.K. (2010). Arabuluculuk yoluyla uyuşmazlık çözümünde temel aşamalar ve taktikler. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İzmir. Loi, P. (2016). İtalyan iş hukukunda arabuluculuk ve uzlaşma, içinde: İş mahkemeleri kanunu tasarısı taslağının değerlendirilmesi, Ed. Doğan Yenisey, K. Ankara: Dumat Ofset, ss.121-147. Lokmanoğlu, S. Y. (2018). İş mahkemeleri kanunu ışığında arabuluculuk kavramı. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, (33), ss.863-885. Ministry of Justice. (2012). Employment Tribunals and EAT Statistics 2011-2012. Namlı, M. (2016). İş mahkemeleri kanunu tasarısı taslağı ile getirilen zorunlu arabuluculuk kurumunun medeni usul hukuku bakımından değerlendirilmesi. İçinde: İş mahkemeleri kanunu tasarısı taslağının değerlendirilmesi, Ed. Doğan Yenisey, K. Ankara: Dumat Ofset, ss.151-167. Oğuz, Ö. (2016). Türk iş hukuku’nda alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm yolları, İstanbul: Legal Yayınevi. Orhan, S. ve Eşiyok, Y. (2021). Bireysel iş uyuşmazlıkları ve alternatif çözüm yolları üzerine. İçinde: Çalışma ekonomisi ve endüstri ilişkileri seçme yazılar – V, Ed. Selek Öz, C., Değişim: Sakarya, ss.83-106. Özbay, İ. (2006). Alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm yöntemleri. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(3-4), ss.459-475. Özbek, M. (2006). Sosyal devletin gereği: adalete erişim. Medeni Usul ve İcra İflas Hukuku Dergisi, 2(4), ss.907-927 Özbek, M. (2007). Avrupa birliğinde alternatif uyuşmazlık çözümü. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, 68, ss.265-320. Özbek, M. (2007). Avrupa konseyi arabuluculuk yönergesi önerisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 56(1), ss.183-231. Özdemir, E. (2015). İş mahkemelerinin işleyişi ve bireysel iş uyuşmazlıklarının alternatif çözüm yöntemleri. Çalışma ve Toplum, 4(47), ss.185-222. Özdemir, O. (2016). Bireysel iş uyuşmazlıklarında arabuluculuk. İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuası, 74(Özel Sayı), ss.601-615. Özmumcu, S. (2016). Karşılaştırmalı hukuk ve türk hukuku açısından zorunlu arabuluculuk sistemine genel bir bakış. İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuası, 74(2), ss.842-807. Perçin, G. E. (2011). Alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm yöntemlerinden arabuluculuğun hukuksal düzenlemelerdeki yeri. Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni, 31(2), ss.177-201. Quek, D. (2010). Mandatory mediation: an oxymoron-examining the feasibility of implementing a court-mandated mediation program. Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution,11(2), ss.479-509. Quek, D. (2010). “Mandatory Mediation: An Oxymoron Examinig the Feasibility of Implementing a Court-Mandated Mediation Program” Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution, V. 11, No. 2. Sümer, H. H. (2020). İş hukuku. 25. Baskı, Konya: Seçkin Yayıncılık. Tanrıver, S. (2006). Hukuk uyuşmazlıkları bağlamında alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm yolları ve özellikle arabuluculuk. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, (64), ss.151-178. Tuğsavul, M.T. (2009). Arabuluculuk kanun tasarısı çerçevesinde türk hukukunda arabuluculuk. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İstanbul. Winesstone, J. (2015). Mandatory mediation: a comparative rewiev of how legislatures in california and ontario are mandating the peacemaking process in their adversarial systems. Mediate, http://www.mediate.com/articles/WinestoneJ4.cfm adresinden ulaşılmıştır, (Erişim: 29 Haziran 2023). Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular İş ve Sosyal Güvenlik Hukuku Bölüm Makaleler Yazarlar Erdal Beşoluk İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0001-8796-4547 Türkiye
Abdüssamed Keten İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0002-0582-7774 Türkiye
Abdurrahman Keskin BAYBURT ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0003-1547-0358 Türkiye
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Ağustos 2024 Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Ağustos 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Nisan 2024 Kabul Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 25
Kaynak Göster APA Beşoluk, E., Keten, A., & Keskin, A. (2024). BİREYSEL İŞ UYUŞMAZLIKLARINDA ZORUNLU ARABULUCULUK UYGULAMASININ İŞ MAHKEMELERİNE KATKISI. Sosyal Güvence (25 ), 1326-1352. https://doi.org/10.21441/sosyalguvence.1472157
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