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Çeşitli sahalarda eser veren büyük Türk âlimi.
Birgili diye de bilinmektedir. 10 Cemâziyelevvel 929 (27 Mart 1523) tarihinde Balıkesir’de doğdu. Asıl adı Takıyyüddin Mehmed olup Birgivî Mehmed Efendi diye şöhret bulmuştur. Zâviye mensubu âlim ve faziletli bir kişi olan babası Pîr Ali Balıkesir’de müderristi. Balıkesir’in Çay mahallesindeki kabri bugün de ziyaret edilmektedir. Dedesi Balıkesir Kepsut’a bağlı Bektaşlar köyünden İskender Efendi’dir. Annesi ise Meryem Hanım’dır.
Birgivî ilk tahsilini babasının yanında yaptı. Ondan Arapça, mantık ve diğer bazı ilimleri okudu, bu arada Kur’an’ı da ezberledi. Daha sonra İstanbul’a giderek Mahmutpaşa mahallesinde Küçük Şemseddin Efendi’den ders aldı. Ardından Haseki Medresesi’ne girdi; dönemin tanınmış âlimlerinden Ahîzâde Mehmed Efendi’nin ve daha sonra Rumeli kazaskeri olan, Kızıl Molla lakabıyla tanınmış Abdurrahman Efendi’nin öğrencisi oldu. İcâzet alarak müderrislik pâyesini elde etti. Ardından Abdurrahman Efendi’nin yanına mülâzım olup ihtisasını tamamladı. Bir süre bazı medreselerde müderrislik yaptı. Kanûnî döneminde hocası Abdurrahman Efendi’nin aracılığıyla Edirne kassâm-ı askerîsi olan Birgivî bu görevi süresince ders okutmaya devam etti. Bu arada camilerde vaaz veriyor, halkı Kur’an ve Sünnet’e uymaya davet ediyordu. Zamanında kabirler üzerine türbe yapılması, buralarda mum yakılması, ücret karşılığında Kur’an okunması gibi bid‘atlar ve ayrıca bâtıl itikadlarla, kadılar arasında rüşvetin yaygınlaşması, zengin çocuklarına ücretle ilmî pâyeler verilmesi gibi meşrû olmayan uygulamalara karşı da mücadele etti. Para vakfetmenin câiz olmadığını savunan Birgivî, İmam Züfer’in görüşüne ve örfe dayanarak bu tür vakıfların cevazına fetva veren Şeyhülislâm Ebüssuûd Efendi’ye ve onunla aynı görüşü paylaşan Kadı Bilâlzâde’ye reddiye olarak İnḳāẕü’l-hâlikîn , Îḳāżü’n-nâʾimîn ve ifhâmü’l-ḳāṣırîn ve es-Seyfü’ṣ-ṣârim adlı risâleleri yazdı. Ebüssuûd’un, esasen daha önceki Osmanlı ulemâsı arasında da tartışılan, hatta İmâm-ı Âzam’ın öğrencilerinin de farklı görüşler ileri sürdükleri bu konuda halk arasında fitneye yol açmaması hususunda Birgivî’ye nasihatte bulunduğu ve kendi fetvasına gerekçe olarak da hayır işlerinin kesilmesi endişesini dile getirdiği rivayet edilmektedir.
Halkın bid‘atları terketmesinden ümidini kesen Birgivî İstanbul’a gidip Bayramiyye tarikatı şeyhi Abdullah Karamânî’ye intisap ederek inzivaya çekildi. Edirne’de kassâm-ı askerî iken aldığı paraları defter kayıtlarına göre geri vererek hak sahiplerinden helâllik aldı. Ancak müridinin ders ve irşad faaliyetleri için geri dönmesini isteyen Abdullah Karamânî’nin de tavsiyesi üzerine, Sultan II. Selim’in hocası Birgili Atâullah Efendi’nin Birgi’de yaptırdığı medreseye müderris tayin edildi. İlmî ehliyetiyle kısa zamanda meşhur olan Birgivî’den ders almak isteyen pek çok talebe ülkenin her tarafından buraya akın etmeye başladı. Ömrünün geri kalan kısmını Birgi’de tedrîs, irşad ve telif faaliyetleriyle geçirmiş olması sebebiyle de Birgivî nisbesiyle şöhret buldu.
Hakkı söylemekten çekinmeyen Birgivî ömrünün sonlarına doğru tekrar İstanbul’a giderek Sadrazam Sokullu Mehmed Paşa’ya memleketteki adaletsizliklerle mücadele etmesi için tavsiyelerde bulunmuştur. Fıkıhta Hanefî, itikadda Mâtürîdî olan Birgivî Mehmed Efendi’nin biyografisinden bahseden bütün kaynaklar, onun Osmanlılar döneminde yetişmiş seçkin bir âlim olması yanında dinî ve ahlâkî şahsiyeti bakımından da mükemmel bir insan olduğu belirtir. Mehmet Ali Ayni Türk Ahlâkçıları adlı eserinde (I, 105) ondan, “Ahlâkçılarımız içinde Birgivî derecesinde mümtaz bir simaya nâdir tesadüf olunur. Çünkü onun dinî bilgisi ve bıraktığı eserleri ne kadar yüksek ise meslek ve meşrebi de o nisbette pâk, nezih ve metîn idi” şeklinde söz eder. Özellikle ahlâk ve fıkha dair eserlerinde klasik görüş ve bilgileri aktarması yanında kendi dönemindeki dinî, ahlâkî, sosyal ve siyasî meselelere özel bir önem vermesi, bunlarla ilgili şahsî görüşlerini ve tenkitlerini cesaretle ortaya koyması onun ilmî şahsiyetinin en dikkate değer yönüdür. Eserleri çağının sosyal hayatını ve problemlerini yansıtması bakımından da büyük önem taşır.
Birgivî son derece dürüst ve tavizsiz bir ilim adamıdır. Nitekim döneminde çok yaygın olan anlayışa rağmen hiçbir eserini herhangi bir devlet büyüğüne ithaf etmemiş, aksine devlet ileri gelenleri de dahil olmak üzere her seviyedeki yöneticilerde ve görevlilerde gördüğü kusurları cesaretle tenkit etmiştir. Özellikle memuriyetlerin rüşvet karşılığı satılması, kadılar, muhtesipler ve diğer görevlilerin rüşvet almaları, ehli olmayanlara ilmî ve idarî rütbeler verilmesi, bu yüzden cehaletin yaygınlaşması ile her türlü bid‘at ve hurafe Birgivî’nin şiddetle karşı çıktığı hususlardır (meselâ bk. eṭ-Ṭarîḳatü’l-Muḥammediyye , s. 72, 92, 182, 215-216, 219; Şerḥu’l-eḥâdîs̱i’l-erbaʿîn , s. 1-4). Birgivî’nin, bazı haksız menfaatlar elde ettiği, görevliler nezdinde nüfuz sağlayarak devlet işlerine karıştığı gerekçesiyle, II. Selim’in hocası olduğu için “Hâce-i Sultânî” diye şöhret bulan tanınmış âlim Atâullah Efendi’yi bile ikaz etmesi (bk. Ahmet Turan Arslan, s. 81), onun dürüstlük ve cesaretinin ilginç bir örneğidir.
Birgivî, kendisi de Bayramiyye müntesibi olmakla birlikte zamanında Sünnî esaslardan sapmış ve bid‘atlar ihdas etmiş olan bazı tasavvuf erbabını da eleştirmekten geri durmamış, hatta bir kısım mutasavvıfların bid‘at ve aşırılıklarını ortaya koyup tenkit etmek üzere el-Ḳavlü’l-vasîṭ beyne’l-ifrâṭ ve’t-tefrîṭ adlı bir de risâle yazmış olması yüzünden tasavvuf düşmanı olmakla itham edilmişse de bu iddia isabetsiz görülmüştür. Nitekim eṭ-Ṭarîḳatü’l-Muḥammediyye ’nin şârihlerinden ünlü mutasavvıf Abdülganî en-Nablusî (ö. 1143/1731), Birgivî’nin Ehl-i sünnet esaslarına bağlı tasavvuf büyüklerini değil tasavvuf adına bir yığın bid‘at ve hurafe ortaya çıkaran sözde mutasavvıfları tenkit ettiğini belirtir (el-Ḥadîḳatü’n-nediyye , I, 155). Esasen onun eṭ-Ṭarîḳatü’l-Muḥammediyye ’yi telif ederken Gazzâlî’nin İḥyâʾü ʿulûmi’d-dîn ’inden çok geniş ölçüde faydalanmış olması da Sünnî tasavvufa bağlılığının açık bir delilidir. Öte yandan öğrencilerinden Akşehirli Hocazâde Abdünnasîr tarafından yazılan ve Kuşadalı Ahmed Efendi’nin Tercüme-i Evrâd-ı Birgiviyye adıyla Türkçe’ye çevirdiği, Birgivî’nin yirmi dört saatlik hayat kesitini anlatan bir risâlede de onun çok yoğun bir dinî ve tasavvufî hayat yaşadığı görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte Birgivî birçok Osmanlı ulemâsından farklı olarak sosyal gelişmeleri de tenkitçi bir yaklaşımla takip etmiştir. Nitekim daha sonraki birçok Osmanlı ilim ve devlet adamının, imparatorluğun içine düştüğü gerilemenin bünyevî sebepleri olarak gösterdiği ve başta devlet adamları, ulemâ, mutasavvıflar gibi seçkin zümreler olmak üzere toplumun çeşitli kesimlerinde hissedilen olumsuz sosyal ve ahlâkî gelişmeleri ve bunların doğuracağı tehlikeli sonuçları Birgivî’nin daha o zamandan görmesi, kendi dönemindeki Osmanlı ulemâsı içinde sosyal gelişmeleri takip eden az sayıdaki münevverlerden biri olduğunu gösterir. Başta eṭ-Ṭarîḳatü’l-Muḥammediyye olmak üzere eserlerinin her devirde büyük ilgi görmesi de ilmî dirayeti yanında dürüst, basiretli, cesur ve sosyal problemler karşısında sorumluluk duygusu taşıyan bir kişilik sahibi olmasının sonucu şeklinde değerlendirilmelidir.
Birgivî, başta el-ʿAvâmil ve İẓhâr olmak üzere Arap grameri konusunda kaleme aldığı eserlerle de İslâm ilimleri alanında büyük bir hizmet ifa etmiş ve haklı olarak yaygın bir şöhrete kavuşmuştur. İslâm dininin iki ana kaynağını oluşturan Kur’an ve Sünnet’in dili olan ve ayrıca İslâm medeniyetinin müşterek lisanı haline gelen Arapça’nın Arap olmayan müslüman milletler tarafından öğrenilebilmesi için büyük gayretlerin sarfedildiği bilinmektedir. İlmî Arapça’nın öğrenilmesinde onun gramerinin bilinmesinin büyük payı bulunduğu da şüphesizdir. Birgivî de, ana kuralların öğrenciler tarafından ezberlenmesi geleneğine uyarak kaleme aldığı el-ʿAvâmil risâlesinden başka onun şerhi durumundaki İẓhâr ’ı telif etmiştir. Sağlam bir tertibe ve özlü bilgilere sahip olmanın yanında çeşitli nahiv kaidelerinin örneklerle açıklanması sırasında pedagojik esaslar ihtiva eden cümlelerin kaydedilmesi bu iki esere büyük itibar kazandırmış, asırlar boyu Arapça’nın öğrenilmesinde vazgeçilmez eserler listesindeki yerlerini korumalarını sağlamıştır. Şüphe yok ki söz konusu kitapların bu derece itibar görmesinde Birgivî’nin ilim ve din hayatındaki güçlü şahsiyetinin de önemli bir payı olmuştur.
Birgivî 981 yılı Cemâziyelevvel ayında (Eylül 1573) bir İstanbul seyahati sırasında vebaya yakalanarak hicrî yıla göre elli iki yaşında vefat etti ve Birgi’ye getirilerek burada defnedildi.
Eserleri. İlmî açıdan önemlerine göre Arap dili grameri, ahlâk-tasavvuf, fıkıh, akaid, tefsir-kıraat, hadis gibi sahalarda çoğu Arapça, birkaçı da Türkçe olmak üzere tesbit edilebilmiş altmışa yakın eserinin başlıcaları şunlardır:
A) Gramer. 1. el-ʿAvâmil . Nahiv ilmine dair Arapça küçük bir risâle olup el-ʿAvâmilü’l-cedîd diye de bilinmektedir. İlki İstanbul’da (1234) olmak üzere çeşitli yer ve zamanlarda kırk civarında baskısı yapılmıştır. Eser Süleyman b. Ahmed, Zeynîzâde Hüseyin Efendi (Taʿlîḳu’l-fevâḍıl ), Kuşadalı İsmet Ahmed ve Mustafa b. İbrâhim (Tuḥfetü’l-iḫvân ) tarafından şerhedilmiş, bu şerhlere de muhtelif hâşiyeler yazılmıştır.
2. İẓhârü’l-esrâr . Nahivle ilgili Arapça bir eser olup ilki İstanbul’da (1219) olmak üzere çeşitli yer ve zamanlarda kırkı aşkın baskısı yapılmıştır. Ayrıca birçok şerh ve hâşiyesi vardır. En meşhuru Adalı Şeyh Mustafa’nın hazırladığı, bu sebeple Adalı diye tanınan ve birçok defa basılan Netâʾicü’l-efkâr adlı şerhtir.
3. İmʿânü’l-enẓâr . Arap grameriyle ilgili meşhur el-Maḳṣûd ’un şerhi olup 952’de (1545) telif edilmiştir. İlki Bulak’ta (1207) olmak üzere on beşten fazla baskısı yapılmıştır.
4. Kifâyetü’l-mübtedî (İstanbul 1289, 1300, 1302, 1303). Sarf ilmine dair Arapça bir eserdir. Süleyman Sırrı tarafından Kifâyetü’l-müntehî fî şerḥi Kifâyeti’l-mübtedî (İstanbul 1312) ve Kuşadalı Ahmed tarafından ʿİnâyetü’l-mübteġī (İstanbul 1284) adıyla şerhedilmiştir.
5. İmtiḥânü’l-eẕkiyâʾ (İstanbul 1270, 1271, 1305, 1309, 1311). Nahivle ilgili Arapça bir eser olup İbnü’l-Hâcib el-Mısrî’nin el-Kâfiye ’sinin Kādî Beyzâvî tarafından yapılan Lübbü’l-elbâb fî ʿilmi’l-iʿrâb adlı muhtasarının şerhidir. Eser Târık Muhtâr el-Melîcî tarafından tahkik edilmiştir (basılmamış doktora tezi, 1410/1989, Kahire Üniversitesi, Darü’l-ulûm Fakültesi). Eser üzerinde Adalı Şeyh Mustafa’nın Hâşiyetü Adalı ʿale’l-İmtihân adlı bir hâşiyesi vardır.
6. Şerḥu’l-Ems̱ile . Müellifinin belli olmadığına dair yaygın kanaatin aksine Brockelmann’ın bir Vatikan el yazmasına dayanarak Birgivî’ye ait olduğunu söylediği Arapça el-Ems̱iletü’l-fażliyye ’nin yine Birgivî tarafından yapılmış şerhidir.
B) Ahlâk-Tasavvuf. 1. eṭ-Ṭarîḳatü’l-Muḥammediyye . Din, ahlâk ve tasavvuf konularıyla ilgili çok tanınmış Arapça bir eserdir. İlki İstanbul’da (1260) olmak üzere on beşi aşkın baskısı vardır. Ayrıca pek çok şerhi ve Türkçe tercümesi yapılmıştır.
2. Cilâʾü’l-ḳulûb . Tasavvufla ilgili bir risâle olup 7 Zilhicce 971’de (17 Temmuz 1564) tamamlanmıştır. İshak b. Hasan ez-Zencânî (Żiyâʾü’l-ḳulûb ) ve Abdüsselâm el-Kayserî (Şifâʾü’l-ḳulûb ) tarafından şerhedilmiştir.
C) Fıkıh. 1. Vasiyetnâme . Risâle-i Birgivî diye de bilinmektedir. Derli toplu Türkçe bir ilmihal kitabıdır. İlki İstanbul’da (1218) olmak üzere on civarında baskısı yapılmıştır.
2. es-Seyfü’ṣ-ṣârim fî ʿademi cevâzi vaḳfi’l-menḳūl ve’d-derâhim . Para ve menkulün vakfedilmesini câiz gören Ebüssuûd’a reddiye olarak kaleme alınmış olup 9 Zilkade 979’da (24 Mart 1572) tamamlanmış Arapça bir eserdir.
3. Îḳāżü’n-nâʾimîn ve ifhâmü’l-ḳāṣırîn . Para karşılığında Kur’an okumanın ve para vakfetmenin câiz olmadığına dair bir eser olup 972 Şevvalinin ortasında (Mayıs 1565) bitirilmiştir.
4. İnḳāẕü’l-hâlikîn . Para vakfetmenin aleyhinde bir başka risâle olup 967 Zilkadesinin sonunda (Ağustos 1560) tamamlanmıştır. Eserin bizzat müellif tarafından yapılmış Türkçe bir tercümesi de vardır.
5. Muʿaddilü’ṣ-ṣalât . Namazın ta‘dîl-i erkânı ile ilgili olup 975’te (1567-68) tamamlanmıştır. Niğdeli Mûsâ b. Ahmed (Muvażżıḥu’l-Muʿaddil ), İsmâil Niyâzî Efendi, Güzelhisârî, Ebü’l-Hasan Muhammed b. Abdurrahman es-Senedî (Menhelü’l-hüdât ) ve Ebû Bekir el-Erzurûmî tarafından şerhedilmiştir.
6. Ẕuḫrü’l-müteʾehhilîn ve’n-nisâʾ fî taʿrîfi’l-aṭhâr ve’d-dimâʾ . Kadınların ay halleriyle ilgili bir risâle olup 979’da (1571-72) yazılmıştır. Eser üzerinde bizzat müellifin Zâdü’l-mütezevvicîn adlı şerhi yanında İshak b. Hasan ez-Zencânî’nin de bir şerhi vardır.
D) Akaid. 1. Aḥvâlü eṭfâli’l-müslimîn . Müslüman çocukların âhiretteki durumu ile ilgili bir risâledir.
2. Ziyâretü’l-ḳubûr (son yedi risâle ile Cilâʾü’l-ḳulûb adlı eser, müellifin diğer bazı risâleleriyle birlikte bir külliyat halinde basılmıştır, İstanbul 1280).
E) Tefsir-Kıraat. 1. Tefsîru sûreti’l-Baḳara . Bakara sûresinin yarısına kadar yapılmış bir tefsir olup daha çok dil kuralları ile ilgili açıklamalarıyla dikkati çekmektedir. Beyzâvî tefsirinden daha üstün olduğu iddia edilmekteyse de ondan daha muhtasar ve daha az meşhurdur. Eser Yaşar Düzenli tarafından tahkik edilmiştir (basılmamış yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul 1989, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
2. ed-Dürrü’l-yetîm . Tecvidle ilgili iki varaklık bir risâle olup 974 Cemâziyelevveli başında (Kasım 1566) telif edilmiştir. Eskicizâde’nin (ö. 1243/1827-28) yaptığı tercüme (Tercüme-i Dürr-i Yetîm ) ve tecvide dair diğer bazı risâlelerle birlikte basılmıştır (İstanbul 1253, 1280; İzmir 1301). Eser bizzat müellifi tarafından şerhedilmiştir.
F) Hadis. 1. Risâle fî uṣûli’l-ḥadîs̱ . Küçük fakat oldukça değerli bir risâledir. Eser Dâvûd-i Karsî tarafından şerhedilmiş (İstanbul 1272, 1288, 1289, 1293, 1314), bu şerh üzerine de Mustafa Şevket Efendi (ö. 1292/1875) ve Yûsuf b. Osman Harpûtî (ö. 1292/1875) birer hâşiye yazmışlardır. Dâvûd-i Karsî’nin şerhi ve Ahmed Ziyâeddin Gümüşhânevî’nin Râmûzü’l-eḥâdîs̱ , Ġarâʾibü’l-eḥâdîs̱ ’iyle birlikte çeşitli baskıları yapılan eser (İstanbul 1275, 1288, 1314, 1326; Bulak 1303) Sadık Cihan tarafından tercüme edilmiştir (bk. bibl.).
2. el-Erbaʿûn . İbadetlere dair kırk hadisi ihtiva etmekte olup Şerḥu’l-eḥâdîs̱i’l-erbaʿîn adıyla bir de şerhi vardır. İlk sekiz hadisi müellifin kendisi, diğerlerini ise Mehmed Akkirmânî (ö. 1174/1760) şerhetmiştir (Tunus 1295; İstanbul 1289, 1316, 1321, 1323). Muhtemelen her ikisinin de “inneme’l-aʿmâlü bi’n-niyyât” hadisiyle başlaması sebebiyle Brockelmann yanlış olarak bu eseri Nevevî’nin el-Erbaʿîn ’inin şerhleri arasında zikretmiştir (GAL Suppl. , I, 683; II, 674). Eser Mustafa Cem‘î tarafından Burhânü’l-müttakīn Tercüme-i Hadîs-i Erbaîn adıyla Türkçe’ye çevrilmiştir (İstanbul 1290).
3. Kitâbü’l-Îmân ve’l-istiḥsân (Atıf Efendi Ktp., nr. 596-597).
Nihal Atsız, İsmihan Sultan Kütüphanesi’nde (nr. 424) kayıtlı nüshasının sonunda telif veya istinsah tarihi olarak Birgivî’nin doğumundan on altı yıl öncesine rastlayan 913 (1507-1508) yılının verilmesinden hareketle Sıhâh-ı Acemiyye adlı Farsça-Türkçe sözlüğün, Kâtib Çelebi (Keşfü’ẓ-ẓunûn , II, 1074) ve Brockelmann (GAL , II, 586; Suppl. , II, 657) tarafından yanlışlıkla Birgivî’ye isnat edildiğini ileri sürmektedir. Birgivî’ye Ravzatü’l-cennât fî usûli’l-i‘tikād adlı bir eser daha nisbet edilirse de Mahmud Esad Efendi (Seydişehrî) tarafından tercüme edilerek yayımlanmış olan (İstanbul 1305) bu eser aslında Bosnalı Hasan Kâfî Akhisârî’nin telifidir (Birgivî’nin eserleriyle ilgili daha geniş bilgi ve ayrıca yazma nüshalar için bk. Nihal Atsız, İstanbul Kütüphanelerine Göre Birgili Mehmet Efendi Bibliyografyası ; GAL , II, 583-586; Suppl. , II, 654-658).
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
Birgivî, eṭ-Ṭarîḳatü’l-Muḥammediyye , İstanbul 1307, s. 72, 75, 92, 182, 215-219.
a.mlf., Şerḥu’l-eḥâdîs̱i’l-erbaʿîn , İstanbul 1304, s. 14.
Kuşadalı Ahmed Efendi, Tercüme-i Evrâd-ı Birgiviyye , Süleymaniye Ktp., Düğümlü Baba, nr. 449, vr. 149b .
Ali b. Bâlî, el-ʿİḳdü’l-manẓûm fî ẕikri efâżıli’r-Rûm , Nuruosmaniye Ktp., nr. 2838/3316, vr. 161-163.
Atâî, Zeyl-i Şekāik , I, 179-181.
Peçuylu İbrâhim, Târih , I, 467.
Kâtib Çelebi, Mîzânü’l-hak , İstanbul 1306, s. 121 vd.
Keşfü’ẓ-ẓunûn , I, 54, 117, 183-184, 214-215, 592, 737, 822; II, 1017, 1074, 1111, 1246, 1500, 1546, 1737, 2022, 2036-2037.
Abdülganî en-Nablusî, el-Ḥadîḳatü’n-nediyye şerḥu’ṭ-Ṭarîkati’l-Muḥammediyye , İstanbul 1290, I, 155.
G. de Tassy, Exposition de la foi musulmane de Birkewī traduit du Turc , Paris 1822.
Kāmûsü’l-a‘lâm , II, 1284-1285.
Sicill-i Osmânî , IV, 121.
Osmanlı Müellifleri , I, 253-256.
Serkîs, Muʿcem , I, 610-611.
Mehmet Ali Ayni, Türk Ahlâkçıları , İstanbul 1939, I, 105.
Brockelmann, GAL , II, 582, 583-586; Suppl. , I, 645, 683, 742; II, 654-658, 674.
Îżâḥu’l-meknûn , I, 2, 427, 442.
Hediyyetü’l-ʿârifîn , II, 252.
H. Laoust, Les Gouverneurs de Damas sous les Mamlûks et les Premiers Ottomans , Damas 1952, s. 188.
Karatay, Arapça Basmalar , II, 434-437.
Esat İleri, İmam-ı Birgivî , İzmir 1954, s. 3.
Abdülkadir Karahan, İslâm-Türk Edebiyatında Kırk Hadis , İstanbul 1954, s. 77, 243, 260-264.
Ziriklî, el-Aʿlâm , VI, 286-287.
Kehhâle, Muʿcemü’l-müʾellifîn , IX, 123-124.
Muhammed Cemâleddin eş-Şurbacî, Ḳāʾime bi-evâʾili’l-maṭbûʿâti’l-ʿArabiyyeti’l-maḥfûẓa bi-Dâri’l-Kütüb , Kahire 1383/1963, s. 27, 47, 83, 104, 153.
Nihal Atsız, İstanbul Kütüphanelerine Göre Birgili Mehmet Efendi Bibliyografyası , İstanbul 1966.
Özege, Katalog , I, 121, 178; II, 663; III, 1341.
Emrullah Yüksel, Les Idées Religieuses et Politiques de Mehmed al-Birkewī (929-981/1523-1573) (doktora tezi, Paris 1972).
Bilmen, Tefsir Tarihi , II, 650-651.
Ahmet Turan Arslan, İmam Birgivi ve Arapça Tedrisatındaki Yeri (doktora tezi, 1981), MÜ İlâhiyat Fakültesi.
Fihrisü’l-maṭbûʿâti’t-Türkiyyeti’l-ʿOs̱mâniyye , Kahire 1982, I, 51, 61, 84, 88-89, 95, 107, 128, 260.
Sadık Cihan, “Muhammed b. Pir Ali Birgivi ve Risâle fî Usûli’l-Hadîs’in Tercümesi”, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi , sy. 2, Samsun 1987, s. 55-76.
Kasım Kufralı, “Birgivî”, İA , II, 634-635.
a.mlf., “Birgewī”, EI2 (İng.) , I, 1235.
Hasan Aksoy, “Birgivī (Birgili) Mehmed Efendi”, TDEA , I, 447.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 1992 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 6. cildinde, 191-194 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.