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ÇEVRE HAKKININ İNSAN HAKLARI KAPSAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE TÜRKİYE’DE ÇEVRE HAKKINA DAİR DENEYİMİN İNCELENMESİ Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 1 – 33, 01.08.2024
Senem Özgirgin Vardar , Mert Selim Şen
Öz The concept of human rights, which has always been at the focal point of debates in today’s political system, has been one of the main principles of the political system since the post-17th century, when its modern doctrine, which includes legal norms and documents, was formed. In the post-war modern world, it has become one of the most important sources of legitimacy for governments, international organizations and political movements. Thanks to this role, which includes social, legal and political qualities, it has often been the subject of academic studies. Classification attempts, lists and regulations have been created due to its scope. The generation-based classification of human rights is one of the inclusive initiatives that still maintains its validity in the literature in terms of supporting the social dynamics in the emergence of the concept with its historical process. Within the context of first and second generation rights, rights for the individual and society are regulated based on the principles of freedom and equality. Third generation rights, which also have names such as “solidarity rights”, aim to focus the idea of human rights on a different point and to protect the rights of all humanity in common. The Environmental Right, which is analyzed within the context of this study, is one of the most important of these rights. Environmental problems, which initially had local characteristics, have become a series of problems that threaten the whole world today due to reasons such as the globalization of industrialization, rapid population growth and unplanned urbanization, especially after World War II. The environment has been seen only as a profitable raw material within the capitalist logic, and environmental problems have been caused to take on a nature that will affect future generations. For this reason, initiatives regarding the problem require collective effort and solidarity as part of third generation rights. The “right to the environment”, which developed around this idea and came to the agenda for the first time in the international arena at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment Stockholm in 1972, has started to be regulated in all international texts and in the domestic law of nations. In this study, the necessity of the environmental right as a human right and the development-environment relationship, which has recently been in the public opinion with the “Akbelen” process, are discussed in the context of environmental problems and regulations on environmental rights in Turkey. Also, as an alternative to the approach that analyzes the environmental right only in the context of human welfare, the discussion of animal rights and the regulations on animal rights in Turkey are included in the context of the environmental right based on the discourse that “the environment is the common existence of all living things”.
Anahtar Kelimeler Human Rights, Solidarity Rights, Environmental Rights, Animal Rights, Environment
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Brander, P., Oliviera, B., Gomes, R., Keen, E., Lemineur, M.-L., Oliveira, B., Ondrackova, J., Surian, A., & Suslova, O. (2008). Pusula: Gençlerle insan hakları eğitimi kılavuzu (K. Çayır, M. T. Bağlı, & Y. Esen, Ed.; B. Yeşiladalı, Çev.). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları. Budak, S. (2021). “Çevre”. Sosyal Bilimler Ansiklopedisi. Başeditör: Yekta Saraç. 1: 227-229. Tübitak Bilim Yayınları. Ankara. Bulca, A. (1995). Çevre Sorunları. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiye Ansiklopedisi 2. İletişim Yayınlar. İstanbul. 332-346. Çelebi, Ö. (2018). Kişi Ve Eşya Ayrımı Bağlamında Hayvanların Hukuki Statüsü. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, 76(2), 559-622. Çelik, E. (2019). İnsan Haklari Hukukunda İnsan Onurunun Yeri Ve Rolü. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 282-310. https://doi.org/10.32957/hacettepehdf.635313 Çevre Kanunu, 1983. Https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?mevzuatno=2872&mevzuattur=1&mevzuattertip=5 . Erişim Tarihi. 02.09.2023 Çüçen, A. K. (2011). İnsan hakları. MKM Yayıncılık. Demirağ N.G. (2017). Son Bakışta Hüzün: Merhamet Etiği Olarak Levinas Ve Hayvan Hakları. Yeşil Ve Siyaset: Siyasal Ekoloji Üzerine Yazılar İçinde. Editörler: Orçun İmga Ve Hakan Olgun. Liberte Yayınları. Ankara. Dworkin, R. (1977). Taking rights seriously. Harvard Univ. Press. Erat, V. (2020). Çevre Hakkının Gelişimi Ve Uygulamaları. Çevre Tartışmaları Ve Çağdaş Gelişmeler İçinde. Editörler: Özcan Sezer Ve Ahmet Kayan. Gazi Kitabevi. Ankara Eryılmaz, Ç., Akman, F. (2016). Kolektif Bir Çevre Hareketi Olarak Artvin’de Maden Karşıtı Direniş. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (25), 17-33. Gemalmaz, M. S. (2003). Ulusalüstü insan hakları hukukunun genel teorisine giriş (Genişletilmiş ve güncelleştirilmiş 4. bs). Beta. Gemalmaz, M. (2011). Bir İnsan Hakkı Olarak Çevre Hakkı Ve Türk Düzenlemesi. Journal Of Istanbul University Law Faculty, 52(1-4), 233-278. Gökpınar, M. (2015). Bir Kavram Olarak İnsan Hakları Ve Çeşitli Açılardan Sınıflandırılması. TBB Dergisi, 120, 11-72. Görmez, K. (2007). Çevre Sorunları. 1.Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Görücü, Ö., Tolunay, A., Güneş, Y., & Topçu, P. (2020). Endüstriyel Plantasyonlar Ve Orman Ürünleri Endüstrisi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(3), 939-952. Gümüşel, D., Günşen, H.B. (2022). Akbelen Ormanı Mücadelesi. Türkiye’de Ormansızlaşma Ve Orman Bozulması İçinde. Editör: Erdoğan Atmiş. Türkiye Ormancılar Derneği Yayını. Ankara Gündüzöz, İ. (2015). Yeni Kuşak İnsan Hakları Çerçevesinde Türkiye’de Mülki İdare Amirliğine Analitik Bir Yaklaşım. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı, Cilt 33, 19-33. Günşen H.B., Atmış E. Ve Erdönmez C. (2022). Ormansızlaşmaya Karşı Sürdürülen Halk Mücadeleleri. Türkiye’de Ormansızlaşma Ve Orman Bozulması İçinde. Editör: Erdoğan Atmiş. Türkiye Ormancılar Derneği Yayını. Ankara Gürler, A. M., Osmanağaoğlu, Ş. (2009). Türkiye’de Hayvanları Koruma Kanununun Tarihsel Gelişimi. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 15, 325-330. Gürseler, G. İ. (2008). İnsan Hakları, Çevre, Anayasa. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, (75), 199-208. HKK, 2004 https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.5199-20100611.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 29.09.2023 Ilgar, R. (2007). Türkiye’de Hayvan Hakları İhlallerine Coğrafi Açıdan Bakış. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(1), 347-360. Kaboğlu, İ. (1994). Çevre Hakkı. İletişim Yayınları. İstanbul. Kapani, M. (1993). Kamu hürriyetleri (7. baskı). Yetkin Yayınları. Kaya, Y. (2011). Çok Taraflı Çevre Anlaşmalarına Uyum Sorunu Ve Türkiye Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 439-462. Kayan, A., Akca, H. (2020). Türkiye’de Kent Yönetiminde Çevre Etiğinin Yeri Ve Önemi. Çevre Tartışmaları Ve Çağdaş Gelişmeler İçinde. Editörler: Özcan Sezer Ve Ahmet Kayan. Gazi Kitabevi. Ankara. Kayan, A., Demir, M. (2021). Orman Varlığının Yok Olması Sorunları Ve Çözüm Önerileri. Çevre Sorunları Ve Çözüm Önerileri İçinde. Editörler: Feyzullah Ünal Ve Ahmet Kayan. Gazi Kitabevi. Ankara Kayğusuz Akbay, M. (2020). Birleşmiş Milletler Şartı'nda Belirtilen Amaçlar İle Çevre Arasındaki İlişkiler. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 9(1), 152-171. Kaypak, Ş. (2014). Çevre Sorunlarının Çözümünde Küresel Çevre Politikaları. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (31), 17-34. Kaysuk, M., Comba, A. (2023). Hayvan Hakları Çerçevesinde Hayvanların İhmali Ve İstismarı: Çorum İli Örneği. Fen Bilimleri Ve Matematik Alanında Akademik Analiz Ve Tartışmalar, 1. Keleş, R., Ertan, B. (2002). Çevre Hukukuna Giriş. İmge Kitabevi. Ankara Keleş, R., Hamamcı, C. (2002). Çevrebilim. 4. Baskı. İmge Kitapevi Ankara Keleş, R., Hamamcı, C. , Çoban, A. (2012). Çevre Politikası. 7. Baskı. İmge Kitapevi Ankara Kıroğlu, F. (2021). Türkiye’de Hayvanlara Yönelik Şiddetin Hayvan Hakları Koruma Kanunu Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi. Meyad Akademi, 2(2), 172-185. Kuçuradi, İ. (2007). İnsan Hakları Kavramı ve Sorunları, Türkiye Felsefe Kurumu Yayınları Marshall, G. (1999). Sosyoloji Sözlüğü. Çev. Osman Akınhay-Derya Kömürcü, Bilim Ve Sanat Yay., Ankara. Olgun, H., Işık V. (2017). Bir “İnsan Hakkı” Olarak “Çevre Hakkı” Ve Türk Hukukundaki Yeri. Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 33-52. Öktem, M. (2003). Kent, Çevre Ve Globalleşme. 1. Baskı. Alfa Basım Yayım. İstanbul Özdek, Y. (1993). İnsan Hakkı Olarak Çevre Hakkı. Türkiye Ve Ortadoğu Amme İdaresi Enstitüsü. Ankara. Özen İnci, Z. (2019). Güncel Gelişmeler Işığında Türkiye’de Hayvanların Ceza Hukuku Bakımından Korunması. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 1-24. Özkan, S. (2015). İnsan Haklarının Tarihsel Gelişimi Ve Kuşak Sınıflandırması. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 112-126. Özgür, A. (2010). Türk Hukuk Sisteminde Hayvanlar. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi, 81(1), 31-34. Özkan, O. (2022). Hak Temelli Sürdürülebilir Gelişme Politikaları: Bir İnsan Hakkı Olarak Güvenli, Temiz, Sağlıklı Ve Sürdürülebilir Çevre Hakkı. İdealkent, 13(35), 197-220. Sağlam, S., Asan, Ü., (2011). Endüstriyel Plantasyonlarda Optimal Kuruluş Sorunları Ve Çözüm Yolları. Journal Of The Faculty Of Forestry Istanbul University, 61(2), 115-138. Somuncu, M. (2021). Çevre Sorunları. Sosyal Bilimler Ansiklopedisi. Başeditör: Yekta Saraç. 1: 230-232. Tübitak Bilim Yayınları. Ankara. Sümer, M. (2021). Hayvanlar Üzerine Düşünmek: Alternatif Bir Paradigma. Erzurum Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (13), 107-121. Şenel, A. (2004). Siyasal düşünceler tarihi: Tarihöncesinde İlkçağda Ortaçağda ve Yeniçağda toplum ve siyasal düşünüş (11. basım). Bilim ve Sanat. Şenpolat, A. K. (2021). Hayvanları Sakın Koru-Ma Yasası Değişikliği İle Neler Oldu?. Https://www.Haytap.Org/Tr/Hayvanlari-Sakin-Koru-Ma-Yasasi-Degisikligi-İle-Neler-Oldu Erişim Tarihi: 29.09.2023 Tamzok, H., Kük, M., Çobanoğlu, N., (2013). Hukuki Ve Etik Boyutlarıyla Sokak Hayvanları. Ankyra: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol.4, No.1, 245-280. Tekeli, İ. (2009). Kültür Politikaları Ve İnsan Hakları Bağlamında Doğal Ve Tarihi Çevreyi Korumak. Birinci Basım. Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları. İstanbul Turhan, A. (2013). İnsan Hakkı Kuşakları Arasındaki Tamamlayıcılık İlişkisi. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 357-378. Türe, F. (2014). İnsan Haklarının Normatif Kökeni. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32, 149-161. Uygun, O. (2021). Devlet Teorisi (8. bs). Onikilevha. Yılmaz Turgut, N. (2012). Çevre Politikası Ve Hukuku. İmaj Yayınevi. Ankara.
ÇEVRE HAKKININ İNSAN HAKLARI KAPSAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE TÜRKİYE’DE ÇEVRE HAKKINA DAİR DENEYİMİN İNCELENMESİ Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 1 – 33, 01.08.2024
Senem Özgirgin Vardar , Mert Selim Şen
Öz Günümüz siyasal sistemi içerisinde her dönem tartışmaların odağında konumlanan insan hakları kavramı, hukuki norm ve belgeler içeren modern öğretisinin şekillendiği 17. yüzyıl sonrası süreçten bu yana siyasal sistemin temel ilkelerinden biri olmuştur. Dünya savaşları sonrası modern dünyada ise hükümetlerin, uluslararası örgütlerin ve siyasal hareketlerin önemli meşruiyet kaynaklarından biri konumuna gelmiştir. Sosyal, hukuki ve siyasal nitelikler içeren bu rolü sayesinde sıklıkla akademik çalışmaların da konusu olmuş ve kapsamının ortaya koyulması sebebiyle sınıflandırma girişimleri, listeler ve düzenlemeler oluşturulmuştur. Kuşak temelli insan hakları sınıflandırması, kavramın ortaya çıkışındaki toplumsal dinamikleri tarihsel süreciyle desteklemesi bakımından literatürde hala geçerliliğini koruyan, kapsayıcı girişimlerden bir tanesi durumundadır. Bu bağlamda birinci ve ikinci kuşak haklar kapsamında özgürlük ve eşitlik prensiplerinden hareketle birey ve topluma yönelik haklar düzenlenmiştir. “Dayanışma hakları” vb. adlandırmalara da sahip olan üçüncü kuşak haklar ise insan hakları düşüncesinin farklı bir noktaya, tüm insanlığın haklarının ortak korunması amacına yöneliktir. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen Çevre Hakkı, bu haklardan en önemlilerinden birini oluşturur. İlkin lokal nitelikler barındıran çevre sorunları, özellikle II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası sanayileşmenin küresel boyuta ulaşması, hızlı nüfus artışı, plansız kentleşme gibi sebeplerle günümüzde bütün dünyayı tehdit eden sorunlar sarmalı haline gelmiştir. Kapitalist mantık dâhilinde çevre yalnızca kârlı bir hammadde olarak görülmüş ve çevre sorunlarının gelecek kuşakları da etkileyecek niteliğe bürünmesine neden olunmuştur. Bu sebeple soruna dair girişimler üçüncü kuşak hakların gereği gibi kolektif çaba ve dayanışma gerektirmektedir. Bu düşünce etrafında gelişim gösteren ve uluslararası alanda ilk defa 1972’de Stockholm’de yapılan Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre ve İnsan Konferansı’nda gündeme gelen “çevre hakkı” bütün uluslararası metinlerde ve ulusların kendi iç hukukunda düzenlenmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada çevre hakkının insan hakkı olarak gerekliliği ve özellikle son dönemde “Akbelen” süreciyle birlikte kamuoyunda yer alan kalkınma-çevre ilişkisinden hareketle Türkiye’de çevre sorunları süreçleri ve çevre hakkıyla ilgili düzenlemeler incelenmektedir. Ayrıca çevre hakkını yalnızca insan refahı bağlamında inceleyen yaklaşıma alternatif olarak “çevre bütün canlıların ortak varlığıdır” söyleminden hareketle çalışmada hayvan hakları tartışmasına ve Türkiye’de hayvan haklarına yönelik düzenlemelere çevre hakkı bağlamında yer verilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler İnsan Hakları, Dayanışma Hakları, Çevre Hakkı, Hayvan Hakları, Çevre
Kaynakça Abdulhakimoğulları, E., Sezer, Ö. & Akpınar, M. (2011). Küresel Ulusal Ve Yerel Düzeyde Bir İnsan Hakkı Olarak Çevre Hakkının Gelişimi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (14), 61-88. Akca, H., Taştekin, A. (2021). Çevre Sorunlarının Çözümünde Türkiye’de Çevre Yönetimi Ve Politikaları. Çevre Sorunları Ve Çözüm Önerileri İçinde. Editörler: Feyzullah Ünal Ve Ahmet Kayan. Gazi Kitabevi. Ankara Algan, B. (2004). Rethinking “Third Generation” Human Rights, in. Ankara Law Review Vol: 1 No: l (Summer 2004) Anonim (2023). Hayvan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesi. Https://Www.Pau.Edu.Tr/Dcuam/Tr/Sayfa/Hayvan-Haklari-Evrensel-Bildirgesi. Erişim Tarihi: 27.09.2023. Aruoba, Z. (1982). İnsan Haklarının Evrenselliğine Bir Yaklaşım Denemesi. Içinde Yazko Felsefe Yazıları (ss. 130-137). Atmış E., Erdönmez C. ve Özkazanç N. K., (2022). Türkiye’de Ormansızlaşma. Türkiye’de Ormansızlaşma Ve Orman Bozulması İçinde. Editör: Erdoğan Atmiş. Türkiye Ormancılar Derneği Yayını. Ankara Balcıgil, O. (1995). Türkiye’de Çevre Kirlenmesi. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiye Ansiklopedisi 2. İletişim Yayınlar. İstanbul. 350-356. Bilgili, M. Y. (2015). Anayasal Bir Hak Olarak Çevre Hakkı. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(2), 563-584. Bilir, F., Hamdemir, B. (2011, October). Çevre Hakkı Ve Uygulaması. In International Conference On Eurasian Economies (Pp. 143-149). Bingöl Tunç, L. (2020). Çevre Politikaları. Çevre Tartışmaları Ve Çağdaş Gelişmeler İçinde. Editörler: Özcan Sezer Ve Ahmet Kayan. Gazi Kitabevi. Ankara. Bozkurt, Y. (2016). Çevre Sorunları Ve Politikaları:(Avrupa Birliği'ne Uyum Sürecinde Türkiye'de Çevre Politikalarının Dönüşümü). Ekin Basım Yayın Dağıtım. 4. Baskı. Bursa. Boyar, O., Kama, S. (2019). Dördüncü Kuşak Haklar ve Bilişim Teknolojilerinin Doğuşunda Mahremiyet Kavramına Karşılaştırmalı Bir Bakış. Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, 25(2), 602-623. Brander, P., Oliviera, B., Gomes, R., Keen, E., Lemineur, M.-L., Oliveira, B., Ondrackova, J., Surian, A., & Suslova, O. (2008). Pusula: Gençlerle insan hakları eğitimi kılavuzu (K. Çayır, M. T. Bağlı, & Y. Esen, Ed.; B. Yeşiladalı, Çev.). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları. Budak, S. (2021). “Çevre”. Sosyal Bilimler Ansiklopedisi. Başeditör: Yekta Saraç. 1: 227-229. Tübitak Bilim Yayınları. Ankara. Bulca, A. (1995). Çevre Sorunları. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiye Ansiklopedisi 2. İletişim Yayınlar. İstanbul. 332-346. Çelebi, Ö. (2018). Kişi Ve Eşya Ayrımı Bağlamında Hayvanların Hukuki Statüsü. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, 76(2), 559-622. Çelik, E. (2019). İnsan Haklari Hukukunda İnsan Onurunun Yeri Ve Rolü. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 282-310. https://doi.org/10.32957/hacettepehdf.635313 Çevre Kanunu, 1983. Https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?mevzuatno=2872&mevzuattur=1&mevzuattertip=5 . Erişim Tarihi. 02.09.2023 Çüçen, A. K. (2011). İnsan hakları. MKM Yayıncılık. Demirağ N.G. (2017). Son Bakışta Hüzün: Merhamet Etiği Olarak Levinas Ve Hayvan Hakları. Yeşil Ve Siyaset: Siyasal Ekoloji Üzerine Yazılar İçinde. Editörler: Orçun İmga Ve Hakan Olgun. Liberte Yayınları. Ankara. Dworkin, R. (1977). Taking rights seriously. Harvard Univ. Press. Erat, V. (2020). Çevre Hakkının Gelişimi Ve Uygulamaları. Çevre Tartışmaları Ve Çağdaş Gelişmeler İçinde. Editörler: Özcan Sezer Ve Ahmet Kayan. Gazi Kitabevi. Ankara Eryılmaz, Ç., Akman, F. (2016). Kolektif Bir Çevre Hareketi Olarak Artvin’de Maden Karşıtı Direniş. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (25), 17-33. Gemalmaz, M. S. (2003). Ulusalüstü insan hakları hukukunun genel teorisine giriş (Genişletilmiş ve güncelleştirilmiş 4. bs). Beta. Gemalmaz, M. (2011). Bir İnsan Hakkı Olarak Çevre Hakkı Ve Türk Düzenlemesi. Journal Of Istanbul University Law Faculty, 52(1-4), 233-278. Gökpınar, M. (2015). Bir Kavram Olarak İnsan Hakları Ve Çeşitli Açılardan Sınıflandırılması. TBB Dergisi, 120, 11-72. Görmez, K. (2007). Çevre Sorunları. 1.Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Görücü, Ö., Tolunay, A., Güneş, Y., & Topçu, P. (2020). Endüstriyel Plantasyonlar Ve Orman Ürünleri Endüstrisi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(3), 939-952. Gümüşel, D., Günşen, H.B. (2022). Akbelen Ormanı Mücadelesi. Türkiye’de Ormansızlaşma Ve Orman Bozulması İçinde. Editör: Erdoğan Atmiş. Türkiye Ormancılar Derneği Yayını. Ankara Gündüzöz, İ. (2015). Yeni Kuşak İnsan Hakları Çerçevesinde Türkiye’de Mülki İdare Amirliğine Analitik Bir Yaklaşım. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı, Cilt 33, 19-33. Günşen H.B., Atmış E. Ve Erdönmez C. (2022). Ormansızlaşmaya Karşı Sürdürülen Halk Mücadeleleri. Türkiye’de Ormansızlaşma Ve Orman Bozulması İçinde. Editör: Erdoğan Atmiş. Türkiye Ormancılar Derneği Yayını. Ankara Gürler, A. M., Osmanağaoğlu, Ş. (2009). Türkiye’de Hayvanları Koruma Kanununun Tarihsel Gelişimi. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 15, 325-330. Gürseler, G. İ. (2008). İnsan Hakları, Çevre, Anayasa. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, (75), 199-208. HKK, 2004 https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.5199-20100611.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 29.09.2023 Ilgar, R. (2007). Türkiye’de Hayvan Hakları İhlallerine Coğrafi Açıdan Bakış. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(1), 347-360. Kaboğlu, İ. (1994). Çevre Hakkı. İletişim Yayınları. İstanbul. Kapani, M. (1993). Kamu hürriyetleri (7. baskı). Yetkin Yayınları. Kaya, Y. (2011). Çok Taraflı Çevre Anlaşmalarına Uyum Sorunu Ve Türkiye Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 439-462. Kayan, A., Akca, H. (2020). Türkiye’de Kent Yönetiminde Çevre Etiğinin Yeri Ve Önemi. Çevre Tartışmaları Ve Çağdaş Gelişmeler İçinde. Editörler: Özcan Sezer Ve Ahmet Kayan. Gazi Kitabevi. Ankara. Kayan, A., Demir, M. (2021). Orman Varlığının Yok Olması Sorunları Ve Çözüm Önerileri. Çevre Sorunları Ve Çözüm Önerileri İçinde. Editörler: Feyzullah Ünal Ve Ahmet Kayan. Gazi Kitabevi. Ankara Kayğusuz Akbay, M. (2020). Birleşmiş Milletler Şartı'nda Belirtilen Amaçlar İle Çevre Arasındaki İlişkiler. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 9(1), 152-171. Kaypak, Ş. (2014). Çevre Sorunlarının Çözümünde Küresel Çevre Politikaları. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (31), 17-34. Kaysuk, M., Comba, A. (2023). Hayvan Hakları Çerçevesinde Hayvanların İhmali Ve İstismarı: Çorum İli Örneği. Fen Bilimleri Ve Matematik Alanında Akademik Analiz Ve Tartışmalar, 1. Keleş, R., Ertan, B. (2002). Çevre Hukukuna Giriş. İmge Kitabevi. Ankara Keleş, R., Hamamcı, C. (2002). Çevrebilim. 4. Baskı. İmge Kitapevi Ankara Keleş, R., Hamamcı, C. , Çoban, A. (2012). Çevre Politikası. 7. Baskı. İmge Kitapevi Ankara Kıroğlu, F. (2021). Türkiye’de Hayvanlara Yönelik Şiddetin Hayvan Hakları Koruma Kanunu Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi. Meyad Akademi, 2(2), 172-185. Kuçuradi, İ. (2007). İnsan Hakları Kavramı ve Sorunları, Türkiye Felsefe Kurumu Yayınları Marshall, G. (1999). Sosyoloji Sözlüğü. Çev. Osman Akınhay-Derya Kömürcü, Bilim Ve Sanat Yay., Ankara. Olgun, H., Işık V. (2017). Bir “İnsan Hakkı” Olarak “Çevre Hakkı” Ve Türk Hukukundaki Yeri. Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 33-52. Öktem, M. (2003). Kent, Çevre Ve Globalleşme. 1. Baskı. Alfa Basım Yayım. İstanbul Özdek, Y. (1993). İnsan Hakkı Olarak Çevre Hakkı. Türkiye Ve Ortadoğu Amme İdaresi Enstitüsü. Ankara. Özen İnci, Z. (2019). Güncel Gelişmeler Işığında Türkiye’de Hayvanların Ceza Hukuku Bakımından Korunması. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 1-24. Özkan, S. (2015). İnsan Haklarının Tarihsel Gelişimi Ve Kuşak Sınıflandırması. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 112-126. Özgür, A. (2010). Türk Hukuk Sisteminde Hayvanlar. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi, 81(1), 31-34. Özkan, O. (2022). Hak Temelli Sürdürülebilir Gelişme Politikaları: Bir İnsan Hakkı Olarak Güvenli, Temiz, Sağlıklı Ve Sürdürülebilir Çevre Hakkı. İdealkent, 13(35), 197-220. Sağlam, S., Asan, Ü., (2011). Endüstriyel Plantasyonlarda Optimal Kuruluş Sorunları Ve Çözüm Yolları. Journal Of The Faculty Of Forestry Istanbul University, 61(2), 115-138. Somuncu, M. (2021). Çevre Sorunları. Sosyal Bilimler Ansiklopedisi. Başeditör: Yekta Saraç. 1: 230-232. Tübitak Bilim Yayınları. Ankara. Sümer, M. (2021). Hayvanlar Üzerine Düşünmek: Alternatif Bir Paradigma. Erzurum Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (13), 107-121. Şenel, A. (2004). Siyasal düşünceler tarihi: Tarihöncesinde İlkçağda Ortaçağda ve Yeniçağda toplum ve siyasal düşünüş (11. basım). Bilim ve Sanat. Şenpolat, A. K. (2021). Hayvanları Sakın Koru-Ma Yasası Değişikliği İle Neler Oldu?. Https://www.Haytap.Org/Tr/Hayvanlari-Sakin-Koru-Ma-Yasasi-Degisikligi-İle-Neler-Oldu Erişim Tarihi: 29.09.2023 Tamzok, H., Kük, M., Çobanoğlu, N., (2013). Hukuki Ve Etik Boyutlarıyla Sokak Hayvanları. Ankyra: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol.4, No.1, 245-280. Tekeli, İ. (2009). Kültür Politikaları Ve İnsan Hakları Bağlamında Doğal Ve Tarihi Çevreyi Korumak. Birinci Basım. Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları. İstanbul Turhan, A. (2013). İnsan Hakkı Kuşakları Arasındaki Tamamlayıcılık İlişkisi. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 357-378. Türe, F. (2014). İnsan Haklarının Normatif Kökeni. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32, 149-161. Uygun, O. (2021). Devlet Teorisi (8. bs). Onikilevha. Yılmaz Turgut, N. (2012). Çevre Politikası Ve Hukuku. İmaj Yayınevi. Ankara. Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Kamu Yönetimi, Politika ve Yönetim (Diğer) Bölüm Research Article Yazarlar Senem Özgirgin Vardar AYDIN ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0001-9406-2111 Türkiye
Mert Selim Şen MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İKTİSADİ VE İDARİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ, KAMU YÖNETİMİ BÖLÜMÜ 0000-0001-9189-7455 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Nisan 2024 Kabul Tarihi 20 Temmuz 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3
Kaynak Göster APA Özgirgin Vardar, S., & Şen, M. S. (2024). ÇEVRE HAKKININ İNSAN HAKLARI KAPSAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE TÜRKİYE’DE ÇEVRE HAKKINA DAİR DENEYİMİN İNCELENMESİ. Avrasya Sosyal Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(3), 1-33.
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