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ÇEVRE VERGİSİ VE FİNANSAL GELİŞMİŞLİK İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ, TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 163 – 183, 31.07.2024
Fatma Dila Taşdemir
Öz This study, which discusses financial development and environmental tax revenue variables for the Turkish economy, aims to fill a gap in the national literature. With financial development as an indispensable part of economic development, prevention of environmental pollution and environmental sustainability, which are increasingly important, stand out as a necessity of today’s economic development process. Therefore, understanding the interaction between financial development and environmental policies and assessing Turkey’s situation in this regard is important to both support economic growth and ensure environmental sustainability. The long-term relationship between the variables considered was analyzed with the Johansen cointegration test, and the direction of causality was analyzed with the Granger causality test. As a result of the analyses, a long-term relationship was determined between the series. This shows that environmental taxes in Turkey are a factor affecting the economic structure and are related to financial development. As a result of the causality test, one-way causality was detected from environmental tax revenue to the financial development index variable. This suggests that environmental taxes may contribute to increasing levels of financial development in Turkey. It is anticipated that the development of environmental policies and environmental tax legislation will support economic growth and contribute to greater depth in the financial system.
Anahtar Kelimeler Environmental Tax, Financial Development, Johansen Cointegration Test, Granger Causality Test
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Fang, G., Yang, K., Tian, L. ve Ma, Y. (2022). Can Environmental Tax Promote Renewable Energy Consumption? — An Empirical Study From the Typical Countries Along the Belt and Road. Energy, 260, 1-10. Gujarati, D. N. (2006). Temel Ekonometri. (Ü. Şenesen ve G. G. Şenesen, Çev.) İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık. He, P., Ning, J., Yu, Z. ve Xio, H. (2019). Can Environmental Tax Policy Really Help to Reduce Pollutant Emissions? An Empirical Study of a Panel ARDL Model Based on OECD Countries and China. Sustainability, 11, 4384. Hotunluoğlu, H. ve Tekeli, R. (2007). Karbon Vergisinin Ekonomik Analizi ve Etkileri: Karbon Vergisinin Emisyon Azaltıcı Etkisi Var Mı? Sosyoekonomi, 2, 108-126. Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), 231-254. Johansen, S. ve Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration-With Applications to the Demand for Money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, 169-210. Kanberoğlu, Z., ve Kara, O. (2016). Finansal Sektör Gelişimi ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma İlişkisi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(57), 309-318. OECD. (2023). Environmental Tax (Indicator). https://doi.org/10.1787/5a287eac-en Özbek, S. (2023). Sürdürülebilir Çevre: Çevre Teknolojileri ve Vergileri Kapsamında Ekonometrik Bir İnceleme. Bingöl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(Prof. Dr. Muammer Erdoğan Anısına Kongre Özel Sayısı), 63-91. Özden, E. (2017). Çevre Vergilerinin Gelir Dağılımı Üzerindeki Bozucu Etkisinin Tersine Çevrilebilirliği. Bartın Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 8(15), 120-144. Özkaya, M. H. (2022). Ekonomik Büyüme ve Çevre Vergi Gelirlerinin Karbondioksit Emisyonu Üzerindeki Etkisi: AB Ülkeleri Örneği. International Journal of Applied Economic and Finance Studies, 7(1), 128-139. Phillips, P. C. ve Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346. Pinglin, H., Shuhao, Z., Lei, W. ve Jing, N. (2023). Will Environmental Taxes Help to Mitigate Climate Change? A Comparative Study Based on OECD Countries. Economic Analysis and Policy, 78, 1440–1464. Polat, M. A. ve Ergün, S. (2021). Kirlilik Emisyonlarının Azaltılmasında Çevre Vergilerinin Rolü: AB Ülkeleri Örneği. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 36(2), 379-397. Polat, O. ve Polat, G. E. (2018). Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinde Karbondioksit Emisyonu ve Çevre Vergileri: Panel Veri Analizi Yaklaşımı. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 639, 101-116. Rafique, M. Z., Fareed, Z., Ferraz, D., Ikram, M. ve Huang, S. (2022). Exploring The Heterogenous Impacts of Environmental Taxes on Environmental Footprints: An Empirical Assessment From Developed Economies. Energy, 238, 1-13. Saleem, H., Khan, M. B. ve Mahdavian, S. M. (2022). The Role of Green Growth, Green Financing, and Eco-Friendly Technology in Achieving Environmental Quality: Evidence From Selected Asian Economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 57720-57739. Sharif, A., Kocak, S., Khan, H. H. Uzuner, G., ve Tiwari, S. (2023). Demystifying the Links Between Green Technology Innovation, Economic Growth, and Environmental Tax in ASEAN-6 Countries: The Dynamic Role of Green Energy and Green Investment. Gondwana Research, 115, 98–106. Svirydzenka, K. (2016). Introducing a New Broad-Based Index of Financial Development. IMF Working Paper. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2016/wp1605.pdf adresinden alındı T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı. (2023). Çevre, İklim Değişikliği ve Suya Dair Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri. 13.10.2023 tarihinde https://www.mfa.gov.tr/surdurulebilir-kalkinma.tr.mfa#:~:text=S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir%20kalk%C4%B1nma%20kavram%C4%B1%20ise%20ilk,vermeden%20kar%C5%9F%C4%B1layan%20kalk%C4%B1nma%22%20olarak%20tan%C4%B1mlanm%C4%B1%C5%9Ft%C4%B1r. adresinden alındı. Tekin, A. ve Şaşmaz, M. Ü. (2016). Küreselleşme Sürecinde Ekolojik Riskleri Azaltmada Çevresel Vergilerin Etkisi: Avrupa Birliği Örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 23(1), 1-17. Topal, M. H. ve Günay, H. F. (2017). Çevre Vergilerinin Çevre Kalitesi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Gelişmekte Olan ve Gelişmiş Ekonomilerden Ampirik Bir Kanıt. Research Journal of Public Finance, 3(1), 63-83. Uluslararası Para Fonu (IMF) (2023). Financial Development (FD). 21.09.2023 tarihinde https://data.imf.org/?sk=f8032e80-b36c-43b1-ac26-493c5b1cd33b adresinden alındı. Wolde-Rufael, Y. ve Mulat-weldemeskel, E. (2023). Effectiveness of Environmental Taxes and Environmental Stringent Policies on CO2 Emissions: The European Experience. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(6), 5211-5239. Yavuz, E. (2021). Çevre Vergileri ile Ekolojik Ayak İzi Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Üzerine Kanıtlar. Journal of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences, 7(45), 1937-1945. Yu, L., Gao, X., Lyu, J., Feng, Y., Zhang, S. ve Andlib, Z. (2023). Green Growth and Environmental Sustainability in China: The Role of Environmental Taxes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 22702-22711.
ÇEVRE VERGİSİ VE FİNANSAL GELİŞMİŞLİK İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ, TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 163 – 183, 31.07.2024
Fatma Dila Taşdemir
Öz Türkiye ekonomisi için, finansal gelişme ve çevre vergisi geliri değişkenlerinin ele alındığı bu çalışma ile ulusal literatürde var olan bir boşluğun doldurulması amaçlanmaktadır. Ekonomik kalkınmanın vazgeçilmez bir parçası olan finansal gelişme ile, giderek artan bir öneme sahip olan çevre kirliliğinin önlenmesi ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik, günümüz ekonomik gelişme sürecinin bir gerekliliği olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle, finansal gelişme ile çevre politikaları arasındaki etkileşimi anlamak ve Türkiye’nin bu konudaki durumunu değerlendirmek, hem ekonomik büyümeyi desteklemek hem de çevresel sürdürülebilirliği sağlamak için önemlidir. Ele alınan değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki Johansen eşbütünleşme testi ile, nedenselliğin yönü ise Granger nedensellik testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler neticesinde, seriler arasında uzun dönemli ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Bu, Türkiye’de çevre vergilerinin ekonomik yapıyı etkileyen bir unsur olduğunu ve finansal gelişmişlikle ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Nedensellik testi sonucunda ise çevre vergisi gelirinden finansal gelişmişlik endeksi değişkenine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik saptanmıştır. Bu da Türkiye’de çevre vergilerinin artan finansal gelişmişlik düzeylerine katkı sağlayabileceğini öne sürmektedir. Çevresel politikaların ve çevre vergi mevzuatının geliştirilmesinin, ekonomik büyümeyi destekleyeceği ve finansal sistemde daha fazla derinlik kazanılmasına katkıda bulunabileceği öngörülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler Çevre Vergisi, Finansal Gelişmişlik, Johansen Eşbütünleşme Testi, Granger Nedensellik Testi
Kaynakça Abel, S., Mukarati, J., Jeke, L. ve Le Roux, P. (2023). Carbon Tax and Environmental Quality in South Africa. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 13(2), 484-488. Acar, S., Voyvoda, E. ve Yeldan, A. E. (2018). Macroeconomics of Climate Change in a Dualistic Economy: A Regional General Equilibrium Analysis. Academic Press. Altay-Topçu, B. (2023). An Empirical Analysis of the Impact Of Environmental Taxes, Renewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth on Environmental Quality: Evidence From Twelve Selected Countries. International Journal of Business ve Economic Studies, 5(2), 98-108. Aydın, M. (2020). Seçilmiş OECD Ülkelerinde Çevre Vergilerinin Çevre Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkileri: Yapısal Kırılmalı Nedensellik Testinden Kanıtlar. International Journal of Economic and Administrative Studies, 28, 137-154. Aydin, M. ve Bozatli, O. (2023). The Effects of Green Innovation, Environmental Taxes, and Financial Development on Renewable Energy Consumption in OECD Countries. Energy, 280, 128105. Bedir, S. ve Güneş, H. (2016). Çevre Vergileri ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: AB Ülkeleri İçin Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizleri. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 53(616), 9-21. Bekmez, S. ve Nakıpoğlu, F. (2012). Çevre Vergisi-Ekonomik Büyüme İkilemi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(3), 641 -658. Cural, M., ve Saygı, H. E. (2016). Avrupa Birliği'nde Çevre Vergisi Uygulamaları ve Çevre Vergilerinin Gelişimi. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(1), 77-92. Çelikkaya, A. (2011). Avrupa Birliği Üyesi Ülkelerde Çevre Vergisi Reformları ve Türkiye'deki Durumun Değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(2), 97–120. Damirova Uluslar, S. ve Yayla, N. (2021). Çevre Kirliliği İle Makroekonomik Belirleyicileri Arasındaki İlişki: Seçilmiş Ülkeler İçin Bir Panel Veri Analizi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 30, 107-126. Dickey, D. A. ve Fuller, W. A. (1981). The Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series With a Unit Root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-72. Dikmen, S. ve Çiçek, H. G. (2020). Avrupa Birliği’nde Çevre Vergisi Gelirlerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 57, 58-88. Dogan, E., Hodžić, S. ve Šikić, T. F. (2022). A Way Forward in Reducing Carbon Emissions in Environmentally Friendly Countries: The Role of Green Growth and Environmental Taxes. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 35(1), 5879-5894. Engle, R. F. ve Granger, C. W. (1987). Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276. Eryılmaz, S., Gençer, Y. G. ve Zeren, F. (2023). Çevresel Vergiler ve Yenilenebilir Enerjinin Taşımacılık Sektörü Kaynaklı Kirlilik Üzerindeki Etkisi: AB Ülkeleri Örneği. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(1), 1-22. Fang, G., Yang, K., Tian, L. ve Ma, Y. (2022). Can Environmental Tax Promote Renewable Energy Consumption? — An Empirical Study From the Typical Countries Along the Belt and Road. Energy, 260, 1-10. Gujarati, D. N. (2006). Temel Ekonometri. (Ü. Şenesen ve G. G. Şenesen, Çev.) İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık. He, P., Ning, J., Yu, Z. ve Xio, H. (2019). Can Environmental Tax Policy Really Help to Reduce Pollutant Emissions? An Empirical Study of a Panel ARDL Model Based on OECD Countries and China. Sustainability, 11, 4384. Hotunluoğlu, H. ve Tekeli, R. (2007). Karbon Vergisinin Ekonomik Analizi ve Etkileri: Karbon Vergisinin Emisyon Azaltıcı Etkisi Var Mı? Sosyoekonomi, 2, 108-126. Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), 231-254. Johansen, S. ve Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration-With Applications to the Demand for Money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, 169-210. Kanberoğlu, Z., ve Kara, O. (2016). Finansal Sektör Gelişimi ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma İlişkisi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(57), 309-318. OECD. (2023). Environmental Tax (Indicator). https://doi.org/10.1787/5a287eac-en Özbek, S. (2023). Sürdürülebilir Çevre: Çevre Teknolojileri ve Vergileri Kapsamında Ekonometrik Bir İnceleme. Bingöl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(Prof. Dr. Muammer Erdoğan Anısına Kongre Özel Sayısı), 63-91. Özden, E. (2017). Çevre Vergilerinin Gelir Dağılımı Üzerindeki Bozucu Etkisinin Tersine Çevrilebilirliği. Bartın Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 8(15), 120-144. Özkaya, M. H. (2022). Ekonomik Büyüme ve Çevre Vergi Gelirlerinin Karbondioksit Emisyonu Üzerindeki Etkisi: AB Ülkeleri Örneği. International Journal of Applied Economic and Finance Studies, 7(1), 128-139. Phillips, P. C. ve Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346. Pinglin, H., Shuhao, Z., Lei, W. ve Jing, N. (2023). Will Environmental Taxes Help to Mitigate Climate Change? A Comparative Study Based on OECD Countries. Economic Analysis and Policy, 78, 1440–1464. Polat, M. A. ve Ergün, S. (2021). Kirlilik Emisyonlarının Azaltılmasında Çevre Vergilerinin Rolü: AB Ülkeleri Örneği. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 36(2), 379-397. Polat, O. ve Polat, G. E. (2018). Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinde Karbondioksit Emisyonu ve Çevre Vergileri: Panel Veri Analizi Yaklaşımı. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 639, 101-116. Rafique, M. Z., Fareed, Z., Ferraz, D., Ikram, M. ve Huang, S. (2022). Exploring The Heterogenous Impacts of Environmental Taxes on Environmental Footprints: An Empirical Assessment From Developed Economies. Energy, 238, 1-13. Saleem, H., Khan, M. B. ve Mahdavian, S. M. (2022). The Role of Green Growth, Green Financing, and Eco-Friendly Technology in Achieving Environmental Quality: Evidence From Selected Asian Economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 57720-57739. Sharif, A., Kocak, S., Khan, H. H. Uzuner, G., ve Tiwari, S. (2023). Demystifying the Links Between Green Technology Innovation, Economic Growth, and Environmental Tax in ASEAN-6 Countries: The Dynamic Role of Green Energy and Green Investment. Gondwana Research, 115, 98–106. Svirydzenka, K. (2016). Introducing a New Broad-Based Index of Financial Development. IMF Working Paper. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2016/wp1605.pdf adresinden alındı T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı. (2023). Çevre, İklim Değişikliği ve Suya Dair Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri. 13.10.2023 tarihinde https://www.mfa.gov.tr/surdurulebilir-kalkinma.tr.mfa#:~:text=S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir%20kalk%C4%B1nma%20kavram%C4%B1%20ise%20ilk,vermeden%20kar%C5%9F%C4%B1layan%20kalk%C4%B1nma%22%20olarak%20tan%C4%B1mlanm%C4%B1%C5%9Ft%C4%B1r. adresinden alındı. Tekin, A. ve Şaşmaz, M. Ü. (2016). Küreselleşme Sürecinde Ekolojik Riskleri Azaltmada Çevresel Vergilerin Etkisi: Avrupa Birliği Örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 23(1), 1-17. Topal, M. H. ve Günay, H. F. (2017). Çevre Vergilerinin Çevre Kalitesi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Gelişmekte Olan ve Gelişmiş Ekonomilerden Ampirik Bir Kanıt. Research Journal of Public Finance, 3(1), 63-83. Uluslararası Para Fonu (IMF) (2023). Financial Development (FD). 21.09.2023 tarihinde https://data.imf.org/?sk=f8032e80-b36c-43b1-ac26-493c5b1cd33b adresinden alındı. Wolde-Rufael, Y. ve Mulat-weldemeskel, E. (2023). Effectiveness of Environmental Taxes and Environmental Stringent Policies on CO2 Emissions: The European Experience. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(6), 5211-5239. Yavuz, E. (2021). Çevre Vergileri ile Ekolojik Ayak İzi Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Üzerine Kanıtlar. Journal of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences, 7(45), 1937-1945. Yu, L., Gao, X., Lyu, J., Feng, Y., Zhang, S. ve Andlib, Z. (2023). Green Growth and Environmental Sustainability in China: The Role of Environmental Taxes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 22702-22711. Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Çevre Ekonomisi Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Fatma Dila Taşdemir Bir kuruma bağlı değildir 0000-0001-8440-7200 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Mayıs 2024 Kabul Tarihi 19 Temmuz 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1
Kaynak Göster APA Taşdemir, F. D. (2024). ÇEVRE VERGİSİ VE FİNANSAL GELİŞMİŞLİK İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ, TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. Bitlis Eren Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(1), 163-183.
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