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DELÂLETÜ’l-HÂİRÎN Skip to content Yahudi filozofu İbn Meymûn’un (ö. 601/1204) İslâm filozoflarının tesiri altında din-felsefe ilişkilerini incelediği felsefî-kelâmî eseri.
İbn Meymûn’un düşünce sisteminin derli toplu yer aldığı en büyük ve yahudi düşüncesinin en meşhur eseridir. 1186 yılında müellifin gözde öğrencisi Rabbi Yûsuf b. Rabbi Yehûdâ’ya hitaben yazılmaya başlanmış (Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn , s. 3) ve 1190 yılında tamamlanmıştır. İskenderiye’de bulunduğu sırada kendisinden mantık, matematik, astronomi dersleri alan ve gerçek adı Yûsuf İbn Şem‘ûn (Joseph İbn Sham‘un) olup yanlış olarak İbn Aknîn nisbesiyle de tanınan (EJd. , XI, 757) bu talebesinin kutsal metinlerdeki sırları kavramaya liyakatli olduğunu gören İbn Meymûn, ona bu sırları öğretmek istemişse de talebesi bunlarla yetinmeyerek ilâhiyat bilimlerini öğrenmek ve müslüman kelâmcıların görüşlerini de yakından tanımak arzusunda olduğunu bildirmiştir. İbn Meymûn ise bazı temel ilimleri öğrenmeden ilâhiyat öğrenmeye girişmenin fayda sağlamayacağını düşünerek onun bu isteğini yerine getirmemiştir. Fakat konu üzerinde ısrar eden talebesi, İbn Meymûn’un derslerini bırakıp o sıralarda İslâm bilim ve düşüncesinin merkezi durumunda olan Halep ve Bağdat’a gitmek üzere İskenderiye’den ayrılmıştır. Bir süre sonra bu entelektüel çevrede yolunu kaybederek yahudi akaidiyle ilgili bazı konularda şüpheye düşmüş, bu durumdan haberdar olan İbn Meymûn, hem kafası karışmış olan bu öğrencisine hem de onun gibi yolunu yitirenlere hakikati gösterecek bir kılavuz olmak üzere bu eseri kaleme almıştır (Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn , s. 7-8).
Üç bölüm (cüz) halinde düzenlenen eserin birinci bölümü bir mukaddime ile yetmiş altı fasıldan oluşmaktadır. Mukaddimede, eserini yazmaktan asıl amacının Tevrat’taki bazı terimleri açıklamak olduğunu bildiren müellif, bu terimlerden bir kısmının ortak lafızlar (müşterek), bir kısmının alegorik (müstear), bir kısmının da anlamları aynı olmakla birlikte derece bakımından farklılık ifade eden (müşekkek) terimler olduğunu belirtmektedir (a.g.e. , s. 9). Filozofun maksadı, eserde yer alan konuları halk kitlelerine veya felsefeye ilk başlayanlara yahut dinî ilimlerden başka bilimlerle ilgisi olmayanlara anlatmak değildir. Onun asıl amacı, mensubu bulunduğu Yahudiliğin gerçekliğini kabul eden, mükemmel bir din ve ahlâk anlayışına sahip olduğu halde felsefî ilimleri öğrenen ve onların cazibesine kapılarak aklın üstünlüğüne inanan, şeriatın sırlarını kavrayamadığı için Kitâb-ı Mukaddes’teki ortak lafızları, alegorik ve girift anlamlı terimleri anlayamayan, bu yüzden “hayret ve dehşet içinde kalmış” dindar insanları uyarmaktır. İbn Meymûn’a göre bu insanlar için iki seçenek vardır. Ya aklın verilerine tâbi olup dinin ortaya koyduğu tezleri reddedecekler veya inandıkları ilkelere bağlanıp aklın verilerini görmezlikten gelecekler, fakat her iki durumda da bocalayıp kalacaklardır. Müellif, kitabı yazmaktaki ikinci amacının mukaddes metinlerde müphem olarak zikredilen misalleri açıklamak olduğunu belirtir. Zira bu misallerin neden zikredildiğini kavrayamayan bazı cahiller onları sadece zâhirlerine göre değerlendirmektedir. Halbuki bunların zâhirî anlamlarının yanı sıra bir de bâtınî mânaları vardır. Bilgin kişiler de bu misalleri zâhirî anlamlarıyla değerlendirdiklerinde şaşırıp kalmaktadırlar. Şu halde söz konusu misaller izah edilir veya bunların gerçek anlamları ile yorumlanamayacağı delilleriyle kendilerine anlatılırsa onlar da içine düştükleri hayretten kurtulup doğru yolu bulabilirler. Bu sebeple kitabına Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn (hayrette kalanlara kılavuz) adını verdiğini bildiren müellif, eserinin onu iyice anlayıp kavrayanların bütün problemlerini halledeceği iddiasında olmadığını, sadece problemlerin pek çoğunu veya belli başlılarını çözeceği kanaatini taşıdığını ifade etmektedir (s. 9-10). Aynı meseleyi dinî eserlerinde de ele aldığını bildiren İbn Meymûn, mukaddes kitaplarda söz konusu edilen “yaratılış kıssası”nın tabiat bilimlerinin (fizik) konusunu oluşturduğunu, “emir kıssası”nın ise ilâhiyatın (metafizik) mevzuunu teşkil ettiğini, dolayısıyla emir konusunun sadece bilgelerle şuurlu kimselere ve ancak ana meseleler halinde izah edilebileceğini söylemektedir (s. 11). Bununla beraber fizik bilimlerinin de büyük bir bölümünün herkese açıklanmaması gerekir. Nitekim yaratılış kıssasının başkalarına anlatılması, yalnız ilâhî dinler tarafından değil antik dinler ve filozoflar tarafından da uygun görülmemektedir. Meselâ Eflâtun (Platon) heyûlâdan dişi, sûretten de erkek diye söz ederken varlığın prensiplerini sembolik olarak anlatmaya çalışıyordu (s. 49). Gerçekte tabiat ilimlerinin bazı prensipleri, bilhassa ilâhiyatla ilişkisi bulunan bölümleri bir sırdır ve herkese açıklanması mümkün değildir. Kaldı ki bu sırlar tek bir kişi tarafından derinliğine ve tam olarak bilinemez, sadece belirli zamanlarda bazı insanlara bu sırlar feyiz halinde ayan olur, sonra çeşitli engellerden dolayı “gecenin karanlığı gibi” kaybolup gider. Bu feyizler, kimilerinde ardarda gelerek süreklilik gösterirken kimilerinde uzun veya kısa aralıklarla ortaya çıkar. İnsanların kemal dereceleri bu feyze göre değerlendirilir. Müellif, feyizden hiç nasip almamış kabul ettiği halk yığınlarının devamlı zifiri karanlıklar içinde bulunduğunu düşündüğünden eserinde onları hiç nazarı itibara almadığını, yalnızca bilim ve felsefeye gerçekten vâkıf olduğu halde dinî konularda şaşkınlık içinde kalmış bulunan aydınlara doğru yolu göstermek istediğini tekrar tekrar vurgulamaktadır (s. 12-15). Buna göre bilgi sahibi olmayan ve ilimlere yeni başlamış olan insanlar Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn ’in ancak bazı kısımlarından faydalanabilirler; tam dindar oldukları halde belirtilen sebeplerle hayrette kalmış olanlar ise bu kitaptan fazlasıyla istifade edecekleri gibi ondan çok hoşlanıp zevk de alacaklardır. Yanıltıcı yöntemler ve doğru olmayan görüşlerle beyinleri kirlenmiş olan bulanık fikirli kimseler ile hiç bilgileri olmadığı halde bilgili olduklarını sananlar ise bu kitabın birçok kısımlarından hoşlanmayacaklar, kitabı eleştirecekler ve onu bir türlü anlayamayacaklardır. İbn Meymûn, on binlerce cahil yerine bir tek erdemli kişinin kendisiyle aynı düşünceyi paylaşmasını tercih ettiğini ve o bir tek kişinin içine düştüğü bunalımı ve hayreti gidermeyi daha önemli gördüğünü ifade etmekte (s. 21-22), daha sonra herhangi bir eserde karşılaşılabilen çelişki veya tezadın sebeplerini tesbite çalışarak Kitâb-ı Mukaddes’teki çelişkilerin de bunlardan farklı olmadığını örnekleriyle göstermektedir (s. 22-25).
Müellif, Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn ’in birinci bölümünde ilkin Tevrat’ta yer alan ve çeşitli anlamlara gelebilen sûret, şekil, hey’et, nazar, re’y, ayn, recül, imree, vilâdet, mekân, kürsî, cülûs, kavme, vukuf, nasb, sahrâ, kurb, mes, tekaddüm, melâ’, ulüv, abr, mecî’, hurûc, sîre, seken, ricl, gazab, ekl gibi antropomorfizmi andıran temel kavramların İbrânîce ve Arapça’daki anlamlarının yanı sıra Tevrat’taki kullanılışlarını da örnekleriyle açıklamaktadır. Daha sonra insan aklının bazı varlıkları kavrayabildiğini, bazı varlık türlerini ise kavrama imkânından yoksun olduğunu, bu sebeple insanların kavrayamadıkları şeyleri kendilerine göre algılamaya çalıştıklarını bildirerek bu tutumun, duyu vasıtalarıyla kavranması mümkün olmayan şeyleri organik yapıya dönüştürerek algılama sakıncası (tecsîm) doğurduğunu belirtmekte ve daha çok duyular üstü konuları ihtiva eden ilâhiyat biliminin öğrenciye ilk başta öğretilmesinin sakıncalı olduğunu tekrarlamaktadır. Ona göre bu sakıncanın üç temel sebebi vardır. a) Genellikle ilâhiyat bilimlerinin konusu kapalı olup anlaşılması güçtür. b) İnsan zihni, ilâhiyatın konusunu oluşturan ilimleri ilk merhalede kavrayacak kapasitede değildir. c) İlâhiyat alanına giren bilimleri kavrayabilmek için öncelikle daha başka bilgilere ihtiyaç vardır. Bu sebeple önce mantık, riyâzî ilimler, tabii ilimler öğrenilmeli ve ancak bundan sonra ilâhiyat öğrenimine geçilmelidir (s. 80). Filozofun bu husustaki düşüncelerinin Kindî ve Fârâbî’den mülhem olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Tanrı’nın cisim olmadığını, ancak O’na izâfe edilen sıfatlardan bir kısmının Tanrı’nın bir cisim halinde algılanması sonucunu doğurabileceğini düşünen İbn Meymûn, konuyla ilgili olarak Tevrat’ta yer alan vech, âhir, kalb, ruh, nefis, hay, cenah, ayn, sîmâ gibi terimleri açıklamaktadır. Allah’ın sıfatları konusunda Meşşâî düşünürlerin ve Mu‘tezile’nin büyük ölçüde etkisinde kalan İbn Meymûn’a göre Tanrı’nın hiçbir şekilde sübûtî sıfatları yoktur ve O’nun cisim olması mümkün değildir (s. 119). Bu bölümün önemli bir kısmını oluşturan sıfatlar konusunda Tevrat’taki bazı metinleri yorumlamaya çalışan İbn Meymûn, Tanrı’nın selbî sıfatlarla tavsifinin (ne olmadığını belirlemenin) en doğru tavsif olduğunu, sübûtî sıfatlarla tavsifinin ise hem şirk hem de Tanrı’ya eksiklik isnat etme anlamı taşıdığını özellikle vurgulamaktadır (s. 140 vd.). Ardından Tanrı’nın isimleri konusuna geçen düşünür, Meşşâî filozofların Tanrı’yı akıl, ma‘kūl ve âkıl diye ifade etmelerinin tevhid ilkesine ters düştüğünü ve Tanrı’da çokluğu gerektireceğini söyleyerek onların Tanrı’ya ilk illet veya ilk sebep demelerine kelâmcıların karşı çıktıklarını ve bunun yerine fâil terimini kullanmayı tercih ettiklerini, bunun ise konunun özüne ilişkin farklı bir anlayış getirmediğini söylemektedir (s. 174). Felekler teorisini geleneksel Yeni Eflâtuncu anlayışla açıklarken feleklerin canlı olduğunu, hepsinin birlikte hareket ettiği ve bu bakımdan tek bir insana benzediğini, bu sebeple insana küçük âlem, âleme ise büyük insan denildiğini belirterek kâinatta var olan her hareketin ilkesinin feleğin hareketi olduğunu ve yine âlemde nefis sahibi her varlığın ilkesinin de feleğin nefsi olduğunu bildirmekte (s. 192-193), bu şekilde âdeta Kindî’nin görüşlerini tekrarlamaktadır. Bu bölümün son dört faslında kelâmcıların ana tezlerini özet halinde ortaya koymaya çalışan müellif, önce on iki mukaddime halinde kelâmcıların atom (cevher-i ferd), boşluk (halâ), zamanın anlardan oluşması, cevherin mutlaka bazı arazlarla birlikte bulunması, bazı arazların atomdan ayrı bulunmayacağı, arazların iki ayrı zamanda var olamayacağı, varlıkta bir tek cevherle arazlardan başka bir şey bulunmadığı, arazların birbirini taşımayacağı, sonsuzun mümkün olmayacağı ve duyuların yanılması gibi konulardaki görüşlerini değerlendirmektedir (s. 199-218). 74. fasılda kelâmcıların âlemin yaratılmış (hâdis) olduğuna dair görüşlerini, Fârâbî’nin bugün kaybolduğu sanılan el-Mevcûdâtü’l-müteġayyire adlı eserine dayanarak incelemektedir. 75 ve 76. fasıllarda ise kelâmcıların Allah’ın birliği ve cisim olmadığı konusundaki delillerini özetlemektedir. Bütün bunlar, İbn Meymûn’un düşünce hayatının şekillenmesinde İslâm düşünürlerine ne ölçüde borçlu olduğunun birer belgesi durumundadır.
Kırk sekiz fasıldan oluşan ikinci bölümün giriş kısmında mukaddimeler halinde Tanrı’nın varlığı, birliği ve cisim olmadığı anlatılarak madde ve hareket, feleği hareket ettiren güç, feleğin ve hareketin oluş ve bozuluşa mâruz kalması, feleklerin hareketinden mufârık akılların varlığının ispatı, feleklerin canlı ve idrak yeteneğine sahip bulunmaları, -Pisagorcular’ın söyledikleri gibi- feleklerin hareket ederken düzenli sesler çıkarmaları, feleklerin şekli ve sayıları gibi antik felsefenin ve Ortaçağ düşüncesinin bazı problemleri, diğer bölümlerde olduğu gibi Tevrat’tan alınan pasajlarla açıklanmaktadır. Daha sonra Aristo’nun ilk hareketin ezelîliği konusundaki görüşü nakledilerek âlemin kıdemi ve hudûsü problemine geçilmekte ve âlemin kıdemine ilişkin Aristo şârihlerinin iddiaları ile dayandıkları deliller eleştirilmektedir. Ardından hudûs delilinin, varlığın tabiatından değil aklın Tanrı hakkındaki hükümlerinden çıkarılması gerektiği savunulmakta ve bu konuda üç ayrı delil zikredilmektedir. Tabii olarak buradan sudûr teorisine geçilmekte, âlemde bir nizamın hâkim olduğu belirlenerek tesadüfün imkânsızlığı vurgulanmakta ve Tanrı birleşik olmadığı için O’ndan sâdır olan şeyin de basit olması gerektiği şeklindeki Yeni Eflâtuncu müslüman filozofların tezleri tekrarlandıktan sonra Tanrı’nın cisim olmayacağı sonucuna varılmakta ve âlemin kadîm olmayıp hâdis olduğuna dair Tevrat’tan deliller getirilmektedir.
İbn Meymûn’un Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn ’i yazmaktaki amaçlarından biri, Kitâb-ı Mukaddes’te söz konusu edilen “yaratma” ve “emir” kıssalarını açıklamaktır. Buraya kadar ele alınan konuların emir kıssasını ilgilendirdiğini bildiren düşünür, bundan sonra yaratma kıssasına geçeceğini bildirmekte ve ilkin konuya dair iki mukaddime zikrederek “evvel” ile “mebde” terimleri arasındaki farkı açıklamaktadır. Buradan nübüvvet bahsine geçen müellif Kitâb-ı Mukaddes’e dayanarak nübüvvetin mahiyetini araştırmakta, Hz. Mûsâ’nın nübüvvetinin diğerlerinden farklı olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. İnsanın tabiatı itibariyle medenî bir yaratık olduğu, medeniyetin toplum halinde yaşamayı ve toplumsal hayatın kanun koymayı gerektirdiği şeklindeki Aristocu yaklaşımı tekrar ettikten sonra İslâm düşüncesindeki geleneksel anlayış doğrultusunda peygamberlerin kanun vâzıı olarak bu görevi yerine getirdiklerini belirtmekte, dolayısıyla şeriatın lüzumunu, peygamberliğin özelliğiyle peygamberlerin mertebelerini anlatarak ikinci bölümü bitirmektedir.
Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn ’in üçüncü bölümüne, Tevrat’ın anlaşılması güç olan kısımlarını ana başlıklar halinde açıklayarak başlayan İbn Meymûn, yahudi din adamlarının özel sebeplerle Tevrat’taki bütün sırları halka açıklamadıklarını ve yazıya dökmediklerini, sadece bir kısmını sözlü olarak naklettiklerini bildirmekte ve buradan hayır ve şer problemine geçmektedir. Ardından Ortaçağ’ların en çok tartışılan konularından biri olan Tanrı’nın bilgisi mevzuunu ele almakta ve felsefecilerin bu konudaki yaklaşımlarının yanlışlığını delilleriyle açıkladıktan sonra ilâhî inâyet meselesine girmektedir. Eskiden beri ilâhî inâyet konusunda beş farklı kanaat bulunduğunu söyleyen düşünür, bu kanaatleri saydıktan sonra kendi görüşünü belirtirken aklının gösterdiğine değil Kitâb-ı Mukaddes’in gösterdiğine bağlı kalacağını ifade etmektedir. İlâhî bilgi konusunda genellikle filozofların yanıldığını kabul eden müellif, bu yanılgının sebebinin İbn Rüşd’ün de dediği gibi Tanrı’nın bilgisinin bizim bilgimize benzetilmesinden kaynaklandığını söyleyerek Tevrat’tan verdiği örneklerle filozofların görüşlerini değerlendirmektedir. Tanrı’nın fiilleri konusunda bazı temel ilkeler tesbit etmeye çalışan İbn Meymûn’a göre şeriatın asıl amacı nefsin ve bedenin ıslahıdır. Şeriatların en doğrusu Hz. Mûsâ’nın şeriatı olduğundan nefsin ve bedenin ıslahı Yahudilik’te önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Daha sonra öteki dinlerle Mûsevîliğin gaye ve hedeflerini mukayese ederek Yahudilik’teki emir ve yasakların hikmetlerini açıklamaktadır. Bundan sonra Kitâb-ı Mukaddes’in anlaşılması en güç bölümlerinden birini oluşturduğunu söylediği Tevrat’taki kıssaların sırlarını anlatmaya çalışmaktadır. Eserin sonunda insanın yetkinliği konusunda eski ve yeni diye ayırdığı filozofların görüşlerini aktaran müellif, filozofların söyledikleriyle peygamberlerin söylediklerinin aynı olduğunu belirtmekte ve bu hususta Kitâb-ı Mukaddes’ten pasajlar nakletmektedir.
İbn Meymûn, bütün eserlerinden haberdar olduğu Joseph ben Juda’ya yazdığı bir mektuptan anlaşılan (Renan, s. 177) İbn Rüşd’ün Faṣlü’l-maḳāl ’inin sonunda söylediği gibi şeriatla hikmetin aynı gerçeği ifade ettiği kanaatindedir. Çeşitli tarihî sebeplerle yahudi ilimlerinin kaybolup gittiğini, buna karşılık hem doğu hem de batı İslâm dünyasında ilim ve tefekkürün büyük gelişmeler kaydettiğini, yahudilerin ise dinlerinin ilkeleriyle çelişmediği sürece müslüman filozofların görüşlerini benimsediklerini söyleyen İbn Meymûn, kendisinin de Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn ’de bu görüşlere bağlı kaldığını bildirmektedir (s. 183-184).
İbn Meymûn bu eserinde, Aristo başta olmak üzere Pisagorcular ve Platon gibi Grek düşünürleriyle Galen, Epikuros ve Proclus gibi Helenistik düşünürlerin, Fârâbî, İbn Sînâ, İbn Bâcce ve İbn Rüşd gibi müslüman filozoflarla Mu‘tezilî ve Eş‘arî kelâmcılarının görüşlerinden faydalanmıştır (bk. İBN MEYMÛN ).
Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn Ortaçağ’dan günümüze kadar, Spinoza da dahil yahudi düşünürler yanında başta Albertus Magnus ve Saint Thomas olmak üzere Ortaçağ hıristiyan düşüncesi üzerinde etkili olmuştur. Kitap 1233 yılında, İbn Meymûn’un fikirlerine düşman olan yahudi liderlerce Dominiken engizitörlerine ihbar edilmiş ve Fransa’nın güneyindeki Montpellier’de yakılmıştır (EJd. , XV, 769). Buna karşılık eserin bilhassa Allah’ın varlığı ve sıfatlarıyla ilgili fasılları Tebrîzî ve çağdaş bilginlerden Muhammed Zâhid Kevserî tarafından değerlendirilmiştir.
İbrânî harfleriyle ve Arapça kaleme alınmış olan Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn ’in Leiden’de iki, Paris Bibliothèque Nationale’de üç, Londra British Museum’da iki, Oxford Bodleian’da on iki, Berlin ve Kahire kütüphanelerinde birer nüshası bulunmaktadır (diğer nüshalar hakkında geniş bilgi için bk. Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn: The Guide for the Perplexed [trc. M. Friedlander], mütercimin girişi, s. XXVII-XXVIII). Eserin metnini ilkin İbrânî harfleriyle Salomon Munk üç cilt halinde Fransızca çevirisiyle birlikte neşretmiş (Paris 1850-1866), daha sonra Arap harfleriyle Hüseyin Atay tarafından Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi’nde bulunan bir nüshaya (Cârullah Efendi, nr. 1279) dayanılarak yayımlanmıştır (Ankara 1974).
Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn , müellif henüz hayatta iken Samuel İbn Tibbon tarafından İbrânîce’ye çevrilmiş, Moreh Nevukhim adını taşıyan bu çeviriyi bizzat müellif tashih etmiştir. Bu sebeple modern çeviriler de dahil mütercimlerin çoğu Samuel İbn Tibbon’un tercümesinden faydalanmıştır. Bu çeviriden British Museum’da sekiz, Bodleian’da dokuz, Bibliothèque Nationale’de üç nüsha bulunmaktadır. Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn ikinci defa Judah al-Harizi tarafından tercüme edilmiş olup bilinen tek nüshası Paris Bibliothèque Nationale’de saklanmaktadır (a.g.e. , s. XXX). Eserin bilinmeyen bir mütercim tarafından Harizi’nin İbrânîce çevirisine dayanılarak yapılmış ilk Latince tercümesini J. Perle Münih’te bulmuş ve bunun 1520’de Paris’te basılan nüshanın aynısı olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Gedalih İbn Yahyah tarafından zikredilen Jacob Monteno çevirisi günümüze ulaşmazken Johannes Buxtorfius çevirisi bugün elimizde bulunmaktadır. Eseri Yedidyah ben Moses İtalyanca’ya, Samuel İbn Tibbon’un çevirisine dayanarak adı bilinmeyen bir kişi Almanca’ya ve Dr. Klein da Macarca’ya tercüme etmiştir.
Eserin modern tercümelerine gelince, ilkin Salomon Munk tarafından Le guide des égarés adıyla üç cilt halinde neşredilmiştir (Paris 1850-1866). İbrânî harfleriyle yazılmış Arapça metni de ihtiva eden bu çeviri daha sonra Arapça metin çıkarılarak 1970 ve 1979 yıllarında iki defa basılmıştır. M. Friedlander’ın The Guide for the Perplexed adıyla İngilizce’ye çevirdiği eser 1904’te New York’ta basılmış ve bu baskı sonraki yıllarda birçok defa tekrarlanmıştır. Daha sonra aynı adla Shlomo Pinès tarafından yeniden tercüme edilerek 1963 ve 1969 yıllarında Chicago ve Londra’da basılmıştır.
Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn ’e, başta Abraham Abulafia ve Abraham Crescas gibi bazı yahudi düşünürleri olmak üzere yaklaşık kırk kişi tarafından şerh yazılmıştır. Ayrıca dünya kütüphanelerinde müellifi bilinmeyen çok sayıda anonim şerhleri bulunmaktadır.
Eserin ikinci bölümünün yirmi beş mukaddimeden oluşan girişi üzerine Kutbüddin el-Mısrî’nin (ö. 618/1221) öğrencilerinden Ebû Abdullah Muhammed b. Ebû Bekir et-Tebrîzî’nin yazdığı şerh, M. Zâhid Kevserî tarafından el-Muḳaddimâtü’l-ḫams ve’l-ʿişrûn min Delâleti’l-ḥâʾirîn adıyla yayımlanmış (Kahire 1949, 1963), Hüseyin Atay aynı şerhi Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn ’in ilgili bölümüne dipnotları halinde eklemiştir (s. 231-267). Bu şerh 1556’da İshak b. Kurtubî tarafından İbrânîce’ye çevrilmiştir; eserin mütercimi meçhul İbrânîce bir tercümesi daha vardır (bk. Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn [nşr. Hüseyin Atay], neşredenin önsözü, s. XXX).
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
İbn Meymûn, Delâletü’l-ḥâʾirîn (nşr. Hüseyin Atay), Ankara 1974, neşredenin önsözü, s. XVXXXVII; a.e.: The Guide for the Perplexed (trc. M. Friedlander), New York 1947, tercüme edenin girişi, s. XXVII-LIX; a.e.: The Guide of the Perplexed (trc. Shlomo Pines), Chicago-London 1969, Leo Strauss’un girişi, s. V-CXXXIII; a.e.: Le guide des égarés (nşr. ve trc. Salomon Munk), Paris 1981, neşredenin girişi, s. I-X.
İbn Ebû Usaybia, ʿUyûnü’l-enbâʾ , Beyrut, ts., s. 608.
S. M. Stern, “Autobiographs of Maimonides in the Bodleian Library”, The Bodleian Library Record V , Oxford 1955, s. 194-204.
E. Renan, Averroès et l’Averroisme , Paris 1986, s. 177.
Henry S. Gehman, “Maimonides and Islam”, MW , XXV/4 (1935), s. 383-386.
Solomon Gandz, “Reviends”, ISIS , XC (1941), s. 529-530.
Georges Vajda, “Une abrégé chretien du «guide des égarés» de Moise Maimonide”, JA , CCXLVIII (1960), s. 115-136.
L. I. Rabinowitz, “Maimonides, Moses [Biography]”, EJd. , XI, 757.
Yvonne Glikson, “Talmud, Burning of.”, a.e. , XV, 769.
Shlomo Pines, “Maimonides, Rabbi Moses ben Maimon”, DSB , IX, 27-28.
ER , VIII, 62-65.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 1994 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 9. cildinde, 122-125 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.