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DİNAR Skip to content İslâm altın para birimi.
Kelime Grek-Latin menşeli denarius tan (aureus) Arapça’ya geçmiş ve İslâm dünyasında genel olarak altın para karşılığında kullanılmıştır. Ağırlığı bir miskal olarak darbedildiğinden bu adla da anılan dinar (çoğulu denânîr ) aslında bir Bizans para birimiydi. Constantin tarafından solidus adıyla basılan nizamî olarak 4,5479 gr. ağırlığındaki bu altın sikke daha sonra nomisma, besante, denarion xriseon veya denarius aureus adlarıyla anılmış, Câhiliye devrinde Suriye ile ticarî münasebetlerde bulunan Mekkeliler tarafından kullanılmıştır. Arapça’ya dînâr şeklinde geçen bu kelime Kurân-ı Kerîm’de de yer almıştır (Âl-i İmrân 3/75). O dönemde para olarak kullanılan ve genellikle bir miskal ağırlığında darbedilen dinarın giderek altınla eş anlamlı hale gelip birbirinin yerine kullanılması yaygınlık kazanmıştır. Klasik İslâm dinarından uzaklaşıldığı ve başka esaslar üzerine altın para darbedildiği zamanlarda bile altın sikkelere dinar denilmiştir. Nitekim Fâtih Sultan Mehmed tarafından Venedik dukası standardında bastırılan sultânî adlı altın sikke kadı sicillerinde “dînâren Sultân Muhammed Hâniyyen” şeklinde geçmektedir (Bursa Kadı Sicili , nr. 4A, vr. 158b ). Bununla birlikte XV. yüzyıldan itibaren altın para anlamındaki dinar yerini filori, eşrefî gibi altın para birimlerine ve XIV. yüzyılın başından beri kullanılan sikke-i hasene gibi deyimlere bırakmıştır.
İslâm Dinarı. Suriye ile yapılan ticaret dolayısıyla (Kureyş 106/1-2) İslâmiyet’ten önce Araplar tarafından bilinen ve kullanılan Bizans dinarı, İslâm’ın doğuşu ve yayılışı sırasında bir süre daha tedavülde kaldı. Orijinal İslâmî sikke olarak ilk dinar darbının Halife Abdülmelik b. Mervân tarafından 77 (696) yılında gerçekleştirildiği bilinmektedir. Bu arada Bizans altınının kullanımı da devam etti ve para darbı gerektiğinde mevcut alışkanlıklara ters düşmemek için İslâm darphânelerinde yine Bizans altını basıldı. Bizans dinarı darbedilirken ilk zamanlarda, üzerindeki Hıristiyanlık sembolü olan haçların tâdili veya kaldırılmasıyla yetinildi. Daha sonra bunların üzerine İslâm inancını belirten yazılar kazındı ve sonunda da resimsiz İslâmî dinarlar darbedildi. Resim bulunmadığından ve üzerindeki yazılar nakış görünümünde olduğundan özgün İslâm dinarı menkuş adıyla da anılırdı. Bu duruma gelmeden önce Bizans dinarları çeşitli aşamalarda, üzerindeki haçların yatay kolları kaldırılarak veya üst kısmı atılıp “T” şekline getirilerek ve ön yüzde imparatora ait resim de biraz basitleştirilerek darbedilmiş, sonraları arka yüze “Bismillâh lâ ilâhe illallah vahdehû Muhammedün resûlullah” ibaresi yazılmıştır. Daha sonra ise ön yüzüne Abdülmelik’in kılıç kuşanmış resmi konularak yukarıdaki ibare bu yüze nakledilmiştir. Arka yüze de “Bismillâh duribe hâze’d-dînâr (الدينار ) senete erbaa ve seb‘în” yazısıyla dinarın basıldığı tarih kaydedilmiştir. Bu dinarın 76 (695) ve 77 (696) yıllarında darbedilmiş örnekleri bilinmektedir. İlk orijinal İslâm dinarı kabul edilen 77 tarihli paranın ön yüzünde üç satır üzerinde kûfî yazıyla, “Allāhü ahad Allâhü’ / s-samed lem yelid / ve lem yûled” ibareleri; bunun çerçevesinde “bismillâh duribe hâze’d-dînâr fî seneti…”, arka yüzünde ise “lâ ilâhe ill / allāhü vahdehû / lâ şerîke leh” ve çerçevesinde “Muhammedün resûlullah erselehû bi’l-hüdâ ve dîni’l-hakkı li-yuzhirahû ale’d-dîni küllih” ifadeleri bulunmaktadır. İlk İslâmî dinarların yarımlık ve üçte birlikleri de basılmıştır. Bunların yüzeyleri daha küçük olduğundan üzerlerindeki yazılar da azaltılmıştır. Tevhid ifadesinde “lâ şerike leh” atlanmış, diğer yüzün ortasına üç satır halinde besmele nakşedilmiştir. Çerçeveye ise “duribe hâze’n-nısf” veya “hâze’s-sülüs” gibi dinarın yarım ve üçte bir olduğunu belirten ifadeler konulmuştur. Sülüs dinarda tevhid ifadesinin “vahdehû” kelimesi de kaldırılmıştır.
72-77 (691-696) yılları arasında gerçekleşen bu gelişmelerden başka Muâviye’nin ve kardeşi Abdullah b. Zübeyr adına Mus‘ab b. Zübeyr’in Irak’ta dinar bastıkları söyleniyorsa da bu husus nümismatlar tarafındank henüz doğrulanamamıştır.
Emevîler’de altın darbı tekeli halifeye tanındığından paralar hilâfet merkezinde basılırdı. Bu yüzden o dönem sikkelerinde darp yeri yoktur. Abbâsîler’de de Me’mûn’a kadar aynı durumun söz konusu olduğu söylenirse de Bağdat Müzesi’ndeki Hârûnürreşîd zamanına ait dinarların bazılarında darp yeri belirtilmiştir. İfrîkıye’de (bununla Kayrevan kastedilir) ve Abdülazîz b. Mervân’ın Mısır valiliği sırasında Fustat’ta dinar darbı yapılmışsa da üzerindeki yazıların Meşrikī yani Şam yazısı olduğuna bakılarak bu paranın Şam’da darbedilip Mısır, Kuzey Afrika ve Endülüs’e gönderildiği ileri sürülmektedir.
Kayrevan’da darbedilen en eski İslâm dinarı 100 (718-19) tarihlidir. Burada daha sonraki yıllarda da dinar darbı yapılmıştır. 104-109 (722-727) yıllarına ait tarih taşıyan dinarlara rastlanmamakla birlikte 110-127 (728-745) yılları arasında basılmış dinarlar müze kataloglarında bulunmaktadır. Yazı bakımından doğudakilere benzeyen bu dinarlar orijinal İslâmî para haline gelinceye kadar doğudaki gibi bazı aşamalardan geçilmiştir. Ancak bu sikkelerin üzerindeki yazılar Kartaca’da basılan Roma ve Bizans sikkelerindeki gibi Latince’dir. Hatta Mûsâ b. Nusayr’ın Afrika valiliği sırasında 85 (704) yılında darbedilen dinarın ön yüzünde Herakleios ile oğlunun büstleri, arka yüzünde ise “T” harfine benzeyecek şekilde tâdil edilmiş, tepesi olmayan bir haç bulunmaktadır. Ön yüzde çerçevede kelime-i şehâdetin Latince karşılığının, arkasında ise besmelenin ve dinarın basıldığı yerin Latince tercümesinin kısaltılmış şekli bulunmaktadır. Bu sikkelerin ön yüzünde kelime-i şehâdetin Latince kısa şekli olarak NNESDSISDCVINSA (NoN ESt Deus niSI Solus Deus CVI Nin Socius Alisus) harfleri, arka yüzünde besmele ve basıldığı yerin kısa şekli olarak INNDIMSRCHSLD ve FRIN AFRIC (IN Nomine DominI MıSeRıCordrıs Hic SoLiDus FeRitus IN AFRICa) harfleri yer alır. 96 (715) ve 97’de (716) basılan Kuzey Afrika dinarlarında resim yerine ön yüzünde iki satırda “Muhammedün resûlullah”, arka yüzünde yine iki satırda “Lâ ilâhe illallah”, her iki yüzün çerçevesinde Latince bazı harfler yer almaktadır (Nakşibendî, I, 27). Endülüs’te darbedilen 93 (712) ve 98 (717) tarihli dinarlar üzerindeki Latince kısaltmalar ise biraz daha farklıdır. Afrika ve Endülüs’te darbedilen halis İslâmî dinarların yarım ve sülüsleri de basılmıştır. Bu iki yerde, muhtemelen Emevî Devleti’nin yıkıldığı 750 yılına kadar dinar darbı devam etmiş olmalıdır. Ancak bunların örnekleri henüz bulunamamıştır. Daha sonra Endülüs’te Halife III. Abdurrahman zamanında 317 (929) yılında tekrar basılıncaya kadar dinar darbına ara verilmiş, Vizigotlar zamanında olduğu gibi burada sadece gümüş para (İslâm dirhemi) basılmıştır.
Dinarın Tartısı ve Rayici. Bizans stili İslâmî dinarlar, Sâsânî-İslâmî dirhemler gibi Bizans’ta ve İran’daki eski ağırlıklarını korumuştur. Bir Roma libresinden (327,45 gr.) 4,54 gr. ağırlığında yetmiş iki adet Bizans tipi İslâmî dinar kesilirdi. VII. yüzyılın başında Bizans-İran savaşı ve bunun kendilerine yüklediği masraf dolayısıyla her iki devletin sikkelerini bir miktar ayarlamış olmaları muhtemeldir. Bu yüzden İlk Bizans tipi dinarların ağırlığı 4,40 gr. civarında basılmıştır. Fakat Abdülmelik b. Mervân’ın ıslahından sonra İslâmî dinar şer‘î miskal ağırlığı olan 4,25 gr. ağırlığında basılmaya başlanmış, yani 21 küsur kırat yerine birim ağırlığı 20 kırat kabul edilmiştir. 2,97 gramlık şer‘î dirhem de 14 kırat olmuştur (kırat 0,2125 gr.). Zekâtın nisabı 200 dirhemde 5 dirhem, 20 dinarda ise yarım dinar olarak tesbit edildiğine göre dinar 10 dirheme, cizyenin de varlığa göre üç kademeli 48, 24, 12 dirhem veya 4, 2, 1 dinar olarak tesbit edildiğinde ise 12 dirheme gelirdi. Bu hesaba göre altının bir ünitesiyle birinci durumda 8,8 ünite, ikinci durumda 10,5 ünite gümüş alınabileceği ortaya çıkar. Halife Abdülmelik dinarın rayicini 20 dirhem takdir ettiğine göre bir dirhem altınla 14 dirhem gümüş alınabilirdi. Bizans’ta bu nisbet bire on sekiz, hıristiyan Batı Avrupa’da ise bire on ikidir. Yakındoğu İslâm dünyasında gümüş daha değerli olduğu için Bizans’a altın götürüp gümüş madeni veya para getirmek daha kârlıydı. Altını tükenen ve değer kazanan Avrupa’da ise bu değerli maden sadece saklanmaya başlandığından tedavülde yalnız gümüş para kalmıştır. 1252’de Floransa’da fiorino darbına kadar Batı Avrupa’da gümüş para rejimi varlığını sürdürmüştür. Emevî Halifesi Abdülmelik zamanındaki rayicin ne kadar devam ettiği belli değildir. Dinarın 4,25 gramlık ağırlığı, iyi durumda olan dinarların ağırlığı ile I ve II. (VII-VIII.) yüzyıllar içinde Mısır’da hazırlanan cam miskal ve küsurat cam tartılarla doğrulanabilmektedir. Bu haliyle İslâm dinarı Bizans dinarına göre daha hafif olduğu için Bizans’tan İslâm ülkelerine ihracı yasak olmasına rağmen bol miktarda altın geliyordu. Bizans altını (nomisma) 4,46, 4,40 gr. geldiği durumda bile İslâm dinarından daha ağırdı ve bu da 100 İslâm dinarında 15-20 gr. (5-6 dinar) fazlalık demekti. Dolayısıyla Bizans’tan İslâm ülkelerine nomisma götürüp dinar darbetmek hayli kâr sağlıyordu. İslâm dinarı IV. (X.) yüzyıla kadar tartı ve ayarını oldukça iyi bir şekilde korudu. Fakat daha sonra tartı ve ayarında düzensizlikler olmuş, bunların rayiçleri muhtevalarındaki altın ve bozdurulacağı dirhemin ağırlık ve ayarına göre değişmiştir.
Abbâsîler’de Dinar. Abbâsî hilâfetinin ilk zamanlarında basılan dinarlar da Emevî dinarı tartısında idi. Ancak zamanla malî sıkıntı yüzünden bu tartı ve ayara müdahale edilmişti. Nitekim ilk üç Abbâsî halifesine ait dinarların ağırlığının şer‘î miskalin biraz üstünde olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Abbâsîler zamanında da dinarın yarım, üçte bir ve çeyreği darbedildiği gibi atıyye ve in‘âm için veya bazı olayların hâtırasına birkaç miskal ağırlığında madalya olarak nitelendirilebilecek sikkeler basıldığı da bilinmektedir. Dinarın ayarı, halifenin sultanların tasallutuna düştüğü tarihe kadar teknik imkânlar ölçüsünde yüksekti. Emevîler zamanına ait Şam ve Mısır’daki darphânelerde Abbâsîler döneminde de dinar darbına devam edildi. Fakat Şam’daki darphâne daha sonra Kûfe’ye, oradan Enbâr’a ve Halife Mansûr tarafından Dârü’s-selâm adıyla kurulan Bağdat’a taşındı. 198 (814) yılına kadar sikkeler üzerinde darp yeri yazılmadı. Darp yerini dinarlarına yazdıran ilk Abbâsî halifesi Me’mûn’dur. Gerek Hârûnürreşîd’in gerekse Me’mûn’un sikkelerinde Mısır valilerinin adları da vardır. Darp yeri gösterilen sikkelerde genellikle Kâzımiye, Irak, Mısır ve Mısrü’l-mağrib’in adı geçmektedir. Ancak zikredilmese bile Medînetü’s-selâm (Bağdat) darphânesi de vardır. Daha sonraki halifeler zamanında yalnız gümüş paranın tedavül ettiği San‘a, Basra, Mütevekkiliye, Sürremenreâ gibi yerlerden başka Merv, Şâş, Semerkant, Kum, Hemedan, İsfahan, Erdebil, Ahvaz ve Şüşter gibi merkezlerde de dinar darbına başlandı. Bu da bimetalizmin İslâm devletinin her yanına yayıldığını göstermektedir. Gümüş paranın da basıldığı Abbâsîler’de, Irak’ın doğusunda Muktedir-Billâh zamanında (908-932) dinar darbeden birçok darphânenin bulunduğu kesindir. Asıl önemlisi, sayıları yirmi üçü bulan bu darphâneleri besleyecek altın madeninin varlığıdır. Halbuki o sıralarda Batı Avrupa’nın altın stokları tükenmiş gibiydi ve Avrupa devletleri çoktan gümüş monometalist para rejiminde karar kılmış bulunuyordu.
Öte yandan Bizans İmparatorluğu, VII. yüzyıl başında İran’a yenik düştüğü savaştan sonra bu ülkeye senelik muayyen miktarda altın haraç vermeye devam ettiğinden Bizans’ın da Batı Avrupa’ya ihracatı durmuştu. Kafkaslar’daki altın maden ocakları İran’a geçmişti. Urallar’dan gelen altınların yolu, güney Rusya üzerinden İç Asya’dan Avrupa’ya olan göçler yüzünden sık sık kesintiye uğruyordu. Mısır üzerinden Nûbe’den gelen toz altının yolu da Arap aşiretlerince vuruluyordu. Dünya ticareti böyle bir durgunluk içinde iken savaş ganimeti olarak müslümanların eline geçen tedavülden çekilmiş, biriktirilmiş veya saklanmış altınlar Abbâsî darphânelerinde dinara çevrilmiş ve piyasayı hareketlendirmiştir.
İslâm dünyasında sağlanan barış ve güvenlikten sonra çeşitli sebeplerle yolları kesilen veya kapanan maden ocakları tekrar faaliyete geçti. Orta ve Güney Afrika’dan Kuzey Afrika’ya gelen altın tozu buradaki darphâneleri beslemeye başladı. Altaylar’dan, Urallar’dan, Kafkaslar’dan, hatta Dekken yarımadasındaki maden ocaklarından İslâm dünyasına âdeta altın aktı. İslâmî akınlar bir süre Avrupa’yı ekonomik bakımdan dünya ticaretinden uzaklaştırdıysa da İslâm dünyasının kereste, demir, kürk vb. mallara olan yüksek talebi, çok geçmeden Avrupa’yı da dünya ticaretinin içine çekti. İslâm dünyası talep ettiği mallara karşılık dinar veriyordu. Batı kaynaklarında İslâm dinarı “menkuş” ve bu kelimenin Batı dillerindeki bozulmuş şekli olan “mancussos” vb. kelimelerle anılır. Bu kelime ilk olarak 778 yılında geçtiğinden Batı ile İslâm dünyası arasındaki ticarî ilişkiler bu tarihe kadar çıkarılabilir. Zamanla Batı’da dinarın tedavülü artmış, hatta IX. yüzyılda Normanlar İspanya’da esir aldıkları Pamplona (Benblûne) şehrinin beyi Senyör Garcia’dan 90.000 dinar fidye istemişlerdi. 927-928 yıllarında Güney İtalya’daki Salerno Limanı, Dalmaçyalılar’ın saldırılarını önlemek için haraç olarak yüksek miktarda dinar ödemişti. Venedikli imtiyazlı tâcirler Paviya’da verdikleri zararı “mancussos aureus” ödeyerek tazmin etmişlerdi. Kuzey Afrika’da altın sikkelerin bollaştığı ve darbının çoğaldığı X. yüzyıldan itibaren bu örnekler daha da çoğaltılabilir. XI. yüzyıldan itibaren ise gerek ticarî münasebetler gerekse Haçlı yağması sebebiyle Batı Avrupa’ya bol miktarda altın sikke girmiştir. Bunun bir kısmının, Batılılar’ın İslâm dünyasıyla yaptıkları ipek, baharat vb. ticaret karşılığı olarak kısmen İslâm dünyasına geri geldiği söylenebilir. Fakat büyük kısmı Bizans’a gidiyor ve oradan nomisma olarak yeniden İslâm dünyasına geçiyordu. Aksi takdirde VII. yüzyılda altın darlığı sebebiyle dünya ticaretinden kopan Bizans’ta, 842 yılında ölen imparator Theophilos’un hazinesinde bulunan 970.000 libre (317,2 ton) altının varlığını yalnız ikona kırıcılığı ile yorumlamak zordur.
Mısır ve Kuzey Afrika’da Dinar. Mısır İslâm’dan önce ve sonra altın para rejimi içindeydi. Ancak gümüş para rejiminin hâkim olduğu doğudan gelen hükümdarlar, özellikle Nûreddin Zengî adına Mısır’ı Fâtımîler’den alan Selâhâddîn-i Eyyûbî’den itibaren Mısır’ın altın para rejiminden uzaklaşmaya başladığı görülmektedir. Hatta Memlük Sultanlığı zamanında bazı malî kriz anlarında tedavülün mangıra dayandığı da olmuştur. Mısır, altın ihtiyacını esas olarak Nûbe’den gelen altın tozuyla sağlardı. Ancak Batı Sahrâ üzerinden hacı ve tüccar eliyle de altın tozu veya meskûk dinar geldiği olurdu. Kuzey Afrika’da Ağlebîler zamanında (800-909) altın tozu sahra aşırı ticareti yoluyla sağlanıyordu. Fas’tan Trablus’a kadar bir barış ve güvenlik alanı kuran Ağlebîler Sicilya, Güney İtalya ve Malta’nın fethinden sonra altını Akdeniz limanlarına da ihraç ediyorlardı. Mısır’da darbedilen Fâtımî dinarları klasik İslâmî dinar tartı ve ayarındaydı; bunların çeyreği ve nisâr (saçı) için “harrûbe” denilen ve çekirdek ağırlığında olan küçükleri de darbedilirdi. Altının bollaşmasıyla 929 yılına kadar İspanya’da askıya alınan dinar darbı Endülüs Emevî Halifesi III. Abdurrahman zamanında yeniden başladı. Kuzey Afrika’nın batısında Fas, Cezayir ve Tunus’tan başka İspanya’yı da zapteden Murâbıtlar’ın “murâbıtî” denilen altını bütün Akdeniz limanlarına yayılmıştı ve Avrupa’da bunların taklitleri basılıyordu. Murâbıtlar’ın halefi olan Muvahhidler’in dinarları da aynı derecede bol ve ünlüydü.
Doğuda İlhanlılar zamanında dinar 6 dirhem ağırlığında bir gümüş sikke olup altın para değildi. Bu sikkeye dinar denilmesinin sebebi, dirhem diye 1 dirhem ağırlığında gümüş paraya alışmış olan halkın, 6 dirhem veya Gāzân Han’ın (1295-1304) 3 miskal ağırlığındaki iri gümüş parasına dinar gözüyle bakmış olabileceğinde aranmalıdır. Nitekim Fâtih Sultan Mehmed’in 1475 yılında çıkardığı “Muhammedhânî” adındaki 10 akçe ağırlığındaki gümüş sikkeye, üç yıl sonra sultânî adıyla altın parasını tedavüle çıkardığında “gümüş-i sultâniyye” veya “sultâniyye fıddiyye” denilmiştir. İlhanlı altın sikkeleri değişik tartıdaydı. Bağdat’ta darbedilen 6,5 gramlık sikkelerle Gāzân Han’ın 8,7 ve Celâyirliler’in 8,5 gramlık altın sikkeleri üzerinde dinar yazısı vardı (Togan, s. 6-7).
Suriye’yi Fâtımîler’den alan Bizanslılar burada tartısı ve ayarı düşük “tetarteron” diye bir altın sikke darbetmişlerdi. Selçuklular’ın Suriye’yi geri alması Haçlı seferlerine yol açmış ve Haçlılar burada Fâtımî dinarı taklidi, üzerinde Arapça olarak Hıristiyanlık şiârı bulunan altın sikkeler bastırarak piyasaya sürmüşlerdir. Arapça kaynaklarda “sûrî dinar” diye geçen bu sikkeler, Batı kaynaklarında yine Bizans’ın altın sikkesi için kullanılan “besante” adıyla anılmış, fakat İslâm için kullandıkları “sarrasain” ile tanımlama yapılarak “besantes des croises, besantius sarracinatus, sarrazinos” şeklinde zikredilmiştir. Devrin Arapça matematik kitaplarında ve çok daha sonra yazılan kitapların “muâmelât” adı altında halka alışverişte nasıl hesap yapılacağını gösteren kısmında sûrî dinarların tartı ve sarfları hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. “Halîfî” veya “imâmî” diye anılan İslâmî dinarlar 20 kırat, sûrî dinar ise 14 kırat sayılıyordu. Bu sebeple 1 dirhemlik bir altın sikke dinar olarak kabul ediliyordu. Ayrıca sûrî dinarın ayarı biraz düşüktü.
Haçlı seferleri sırasında ekonomik öncülüğü ele geçiren Batı Avrupa’da beş asırlık bir aradan sonra yeniden altın para darbına başlanmış, Floransa’da 1252’de zambaklı fiorino, Cenova’da 1284’te kuşlu genevino, Venedik’te ise zecchino (Arapça “sikke”den gelme) veya ducato darbedilmiştir. 3,559 gr. ağırlığında olan bu altın paralar yeniden İslâmî sikkelere örnek olmuştur. Nitekim Mısır’da Barsbay 1425 yılında “eşrefî” adıyla anılan altın sikkesini bastırırken “ducat”yı esas almıştı. Aynı şekilde Fâtih Sultan Mehmed de yine ducat ağırlığında saf altından sultânîyi darbettirmişti. Fâtih’in altını artık dinar olmamakla birlikte mahkeme hüccetlerinde yine de altın para olarak dinar adıyla zikredildiği dikkati çekmektedir. Sultânî 100 miskalden 129 adet olarak basılmıştır. Bu tartı, dönemin Venedik dukası gramajı ayarı civarında idi. Ancak buradaki tartı birimi şer‘î miskal olmayıp Gāzân Han’ın ülkesinde kullanılmasını istediği 4,608 gramlık ağırlıktır.
Dinar halen Cezayir, Tunus, Libya, Yemen, Bahreyn, Küveyt, Irak ve Ürdün’de para birimi olarak kullanılmakta, İran’ın para birimi olan riyalin de yüzde birine tekabül etmektedir. Yugoslavya’da ise belki de Roma parası hâtırasını yaşatmak için para birimine dinar adı verilmiştir.
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Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 1994 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 9. cildinde, 352-355 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.