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DİNÎ MİRAS VE SİYASÎ ÇEKİŞMELER: DOĞU TÜRKİSTAN’DA SÛFÎ HOCALAR Skip to content Yıl 2024, Sayı: 110, 265 – 288, 24.06.2024
Tekin Tuncer
https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1480291
Öz East Turkestan has experienced an important historical period, especially during the Yarkend Khanate. This khanate controlled the region known as East Turkestan, which is now known as Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, and included important cities such as Kashgar, Yarkend and Khoten. Yarkend Khanate also became a center of Islamic culture and sciences, equipped with madrasas, mosques and libraries. During this period, the Yarkend Khanate established close relations with other Turkic-Muslim states in the region, forming political and military alliances and thus strengthening its presence. However, from time to time, it also had to contend with external threats such as the Mongol tribes and the Chinese Empire. This turbulent period played an important role in shaping the historical and cultural heritage of East Turkestan. In addition to this historical richness and cultural diversity, the religious leaders of East Turkestan have also left a deep impact on the region. Mahdûm-ı Azam Hoca Ahmed al-Qāsānī was a Sufi leader who rose to prominence in 16th century East Turkestan as the leader of the Qāsānīyya branch of the Naqshbandī order. In this role, he had a profound impact on regional religious and political structures, shaping social and economic life through his religious teachings and cultural innovations, and at the same time, he succeeded in making fundamental changes in the religious and social fabric of the region. The Qāsānīya sect spread over a wide geography thanks to Khoja’s large family structure and loyal followers. Kāsānī’s thirteen sons and four wives paved the way for the sect’s influence to be felt within the family and regionally. This spread was reinforced by the assumption of various religious and political roles through Mahdûm-ı Azam and his children. In particular, figures such as Hodja Ishaq reinforced the spiritual greatness and leadership of the order, leaving a profound impact on social and cultural structures. The death of Mahdûm-ı Azam triggered a struggle for power over the inheritance and led to a fierce rivalry, especially between his two sons from different mothers. This rivalry shaped regional religious and social structures, creating a divide between the factions known as the Community of the Hodjas of Akdagli and the Community of the Hodjas of Karadagli. The frictions in the Yarkend Khanate had a profound impact on the social structure. The struggle for power between the leaders of the two communities led to rivalries over political and religious leadership, further dividing social and religious groups. This process damaged the overall stability of the region with inter-communal conflicts and significantly affected the social and political balance of the Yarkend Khanate. Rivalries and conflicts had a significant impact on the last periods of the khanate and led the region towards an unstable period. These internal conflicts left the region open to the intervention of the Jungars and later China, which led to the end of the Yarkend Khanate.
Anahtar Kelimeler Sufi, Khojas, East Turkestan, Yarkand Khanete, Akdaghli, Karadaghli
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Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, İhtisaslaşma Özel Sayısı, (2023), 200-212. Aybakan, Bilal. “Niyabet”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 33/161-163. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2007. Baharlu, İlgar. “Türkistan Nefesi: Hoca Ahmet Yesevi’den Hacı Bektaş Veli’ye Horasan Tasavvufu”. Department Of Tourısm Of Turkestan Regıon Llp (Tourıst Informatıon Center) Open Turkıstan, (2022), 50-56. Baharlu, İlgar. ““Hâl ile Kâl” Arasında: İran Tasavvuf Araştırmalarında Hoca Ahmet Yesevi”. Akademik Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi. 7/3, (2023), 2288-2299. Barkan, Ömer Lütfi. “Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bir İskân ve Kolonizasyon Metodu Olarak Vakıflar ve Temlikler 1, İstila Devirlerinin Kolonizatör Türk Dervişleri ve Zaviyeler”. Vakıflar Dergisi, 2, (1942), 305-353. Baytur, Enver – Sıdık, Hayrunisa. Şincañdaki Milletlerniñ Tarihi. Ürumçi: Milletler Neşriyati, 1999. Bellew, Henry Walter. The History of Kashgharia. Calcutta: The Foreign Department Press, 1875. Biran, Michal. “The Chaghadaids and Islam: The Conversion of Tarmashirin Khan (1331-34)”. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 122/4 (2002), 742-752. Çelik, Muhammed Bilal. “Türkistan Tarihinde Tarikat-Siyaset İlişkileri: Yarkend Hanlığı Örneği”. Doğu ve Batı Türklüğünün Ortak Tarihî Devirleri ve Münasebetleri (Siyaset – Yönetim – Din). s. 51-66. Konya: Palet Yayınları, 2018. Çelik, Muhammed Bilal. Yarkend Hanlığı’nın Siyasi Tarihi. İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 2013. Çetin, Osman. “Horasan”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 18/234-241, İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1998. Çuras, Şah Mahmud. Saidiye Handanlığı Tarihiga Dair Materiyallar. çev. H. Ali. Kaşgar: Kaşgar Uygur Neşriyatı, 1989. Deweese, Devin. Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tükles and Conversion to Islam in Historical and Epic Tradition. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania University, 1994. Duğlat, Mirza Haydar. Tarih-i Reşidî: Geride Bıraktıklarımızın Hikayesi. çev. Osman Karatay. İstanbul: Selenge Yayınları, 2006. Fletcher, Joseph F. “Confrontations between Muslim Missionaries and Nomad Unbelievers in the Late Sixteenth Century: Notes on Four Passages from the Diya al-Qulub”. Studies on Chinese and Islamic Inner Asia. s. 167-174. Variorum: Aldershot, Great Britain; Brookfield, VT., 1995. Gardner, Victoria R. The Written Represantations of a Central Asian Sufi Shaykh: Ahmad ibn Mawlana Jalal al-Din Khwajagi Kasani ‘Makhdum-ı Azam’ (D.1542). Michigan: University of Michigan, Doktora Tezi, 2006. Hamut, Bahargül. Silsilat az-Zahab: Kommentierung einer caghatai-uigurischen Handschrift zu den Aqtaghliq Hodjilar, einer mystischen Gruppierung in Xinjiang im 16.–18. Jahrhundert. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2011. Hartmann, Martin. Der lslamische Orient: Berichte und Forschungen. Berlin: Wolf Peiser Verlag, 1905. Kaçaranoğlu, Duygu. Çin ve Doğu Türkistan’da İslâm’ın Yayılışı. Rize: Rize Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2002 Kafalı, Mustafa. Çağatay Hanlığı 1227-1345. İstanbul: Berikan Yayınevi, 2005. Kemaloğlu, İlyas. “Altın Orda Devleti”. Avrasya’nın Sekiz Asrı: Çengizoğulları. ed. Hayrunnisa Alan – İlyas Kemaloğlu. s. 98-149. İstanbul: Ötüken, 2016 Keşkeri, Muhemmed Sadik. Tezkire-i Ezizan. dü. Nicat Muhlis – Şemsidin Emet. Keşker: Keşker Uyğur Neşriyatı. Kumru, Coşkun. Muhammed Sâdık Kaşgârî’nin Tezkire-i Hâcegân Adlı Eserinin Transkripsiyonu ve Değerlendirilmesi. Denizli: Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi 2016. Kurban, İklil. Doğu Türkistan İçin Savaş. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 1995. Kuropatkin, A. N. Kashgaria: (Eastern or Chines Turkistan) Historical and Geographical Sketch of the Country; İts Military Strength, Industrise and Trade. çev. Walter E. Gowan. London: W. Thacker, 1882. Liangtao, Weei. Yeken Hanlığının Tarihinden Umumi Beyan. çev. A. Nurdun. Sancak Halk Neşriyatı, 1999. Ma Dazheng. “The Tarim Basin”. History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in Contrast: from the Sixteenth to the mid-Nineteenth Century. dü. C. Adle – I. Habib. 5/s. 182-209. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 2003. Mcchesney, R. D. (1996a). “Barrier of Heterodoxy?: Rethinking the Ties Between Iran and Central Asia in the Sixteenth Century”. Safavid Persia: The History and Politics of an Islamic Society. Dü. C. Melville. s. 231-268. Londra: I. B. Tauris, 1996a. Mcchesney, R. D. Central Asia: Foundations of Change. Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1996b. Miyawaki, J. “History of the Dzungars: Introductory Survey”. History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in Contrast: from the Sixteenth to the mid-Nineteenth Century. dü. C. Adle – I. Habib. 5/s. 142-152. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 2003. Ocak, Ahmet. Yaşar. Türk Halk İnançlarında Evliya Menkıbeleri. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, 1984. Ocak, Ahmet. Yaşar. Orta çağ Anadolusunda İki Büyük Yerleşimci/Kolonizatör Derviş Dede Garkın ve Emirci Sultan Vefaiyye ve Yeseviyye Gerçeği. İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları, 2014. Öger, Adem. Uygurların Dinî, Siyasî ve Kültür Tarihinde Derin İz Bırakan Seyyid Âfâk Hoca ve Tezkiresi. Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi, 2020. Öngören, Reşat. “Zikir”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 44/409-412. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2013. Papas, Alexandre. Soufisme et Politique Entre Chine Tibet et Turkestan: Etude sur les Khwajas Naqshbandis du Turkestan Oriental. Paris: Librarie d’Amerique et d’Orient Jean Maisonneuve Successeur, 2005. Schwarz, Henry G. “The Khwajas of Eastern Turkestan”. Central Asiatic Journal. 20/4 (1976), 266-296. Tarih-i Kaşgar: Anonimnaya Tiyurkskaya Hronika Vladeteley Vostochnogo Turkestana Konets XVII Veka., düz. O. F. Akimuşkina. Sankt-Peterburg: Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Oriental Studies, 2001. Togan, İsenbike. “Uluğ Bey Zamanında Yasa ve Şeriat Tartışmaları”. Tarih Çevresi, 10 (1994), 9-16. Tosun, Necdet. “Kâsâni, Ahmed”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 24/531-534. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2001a. Tosun, Necdet. “Kâsâniyye”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 24/532-534. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2001b. Tosun, Necdet. “Yeseviyye”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 43/487-490, İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2013. Tosun, Necdet. Bahaeddin Nakşbend: Hayatı, Görüşleri, Tarikatı (XII-XVII. Asırlar). İstanbul: İnsan Yayınları, 2015. Tuğ, Kadir. Doğu Türkistan’da Hocalar Dönemi. Bişkek: Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2004. Turan, Osman. Selçuklular Tarihi ve Türk-İslâm Medeniyeti. İstanbul: Ötüken Yayınları, 2016. Uygun, Mehmet Nuri. “Mûsikî”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 44/413-413. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2013. Yüksel, Musa Şamil. Timurlarda Din-Devlet İlişkisi. Ankara: TTK Yayınları, 2009
DİNÎ MİRAS VE SİYASÎ ÇEKİŞMELER: DOĞU TÜRKİSTAN’DA SÛFÎ HOCALAR Yıl 2024, Sayı: 110, 265 – 288, 24.06.2024
Tekin Tuncer
https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1480291
Öz Doğu Türkistan, özellikle Yarkend Hanlığı döneminde önemli bir tarihsel süreç yaşamıştır. Bu hanlık, günümüzde Çin’in Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi olarak bilinen ve Doğu Türkistan adıyla anılan bölgeyi kontrol etmiş; Kaşgar, Yarkend ve Hoten gibi önemli şehirleri bünyesinde barındırmıştır. Yarkend Hanlığı, aynı zamanda İslam kültürü ve bilimlerinin merkezi haline gelmiş, medreseler, camiler ve kütüphanelerle donatılmıştır. Bu dönemde, Yarkend Hanlığı bölgedeki diğer Türk-Müslüman devletlerle sıkı ilişkiler kurarak, siyasi ve askeri ittifaklar oluşturmuş ve böylece varlığını güçlendirmiştir. Ancak, zaman zaman Moğol kabileleri ve Çin İmparatorluğu gibi dış tehditlerle de mücadele etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu çalkantılı dönem, Doğu Türkistan’ın tarihsel ve kültürel mirasının şekillenmesinde önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Bu tarihsel zenginlik ve kültürel çeşitliliğin yanı sıra, Doğu Türkistan’ın dini liderleri de bölge üzerinde derin etkiler bırakmışlardır. Mahdûm-ı Azam Hoca Ahmed el-Kâsânî, 16. yüzyıl Doğu Türkistan’ında, Nakşibendî tarikatının Kâsânîyye kolunun lideri olarak ön plana çıkmış bir Sufî liderdir. Bu rolüyle bölgesel dinî ve siyasî yapılar üzerinde derin etkiler bırakmış, dinî öğretileri ve kültürel yenilikleri aracılığıyla sosyal ve ekonomik hayata yön vermiş, aynı zamanda, bölgenin dinî ve sosyal dokusunda köklü değişiklikler yapmayı başarmıştır. Kâsânîyye Tarikatı, Hoca’nın geniş aile yapısı ve sadık müritleri sayesinde geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılmıştır. Kâsânî’nin on üç oğlu ve dört eşi, tarikatın etkilerinin aile içinde ve bölgesel olarak hissedilmesine önayak olmuştur. Bu yayılım, Mahdûm-ı Azam ve onun çocukları aracılığıyla çeşitli dinî ve siyasî rollerin üstlenilmesiyle pekişmiştir. Özellikle, Hoca İshak gibi figürler tarikatın manevî yüceliği ve liderliğini güçlendirerek, sosyal ve kültürel yapılar üzerinde derin bir etki bırakmıştır. Mahdûm-ı Azam’ın ölümü, miras üzerindeki iktidar mücadelesini tetiklemiş, özellikle farklı annelerden olan iki oğlu arasında sert bir rekabete yol açmıştır. Bu rekabet, Akdağlı ve Karadağlı Hocalar Cemaati olarak bilinen fraksiyonlar arasında bir ayrım oluşturarak, bölgesel dinî ve toplumsal yapılara yön vermiştir. Yarkend Hanlığında yaşanan sürtüşmeler, sosyal yapı üzerinde derin etkiler bırakmıştır. İki cemaat lideri arasındaki iktidar mücadelesi, siyasî ve dinî liderlik konusunda çekişmelere sebep olmuş, toplumsal ve dinî grupların daha da ayrışmasına neden olmuştur. Bu süreç, cemaatler arası çatışmalarla bölgenin genel istikrarına zarar vermiş, Yarkend Hanlığının sosyal ve siyasî dengelerini önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Rekabet ve çatışmalar, hanlığın son dönemlerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olmuş ve bölgeyi istikrarsız bir döneme doğru yöneltmiştir. Bu iç çekişmeler, bölgenin Cungarların ve daha sonra Çin’in müdahalesine açık hale gelmesine neden olmuş, bu durum Yarkend Hanlığının sonunu getirmiştir
Anahtar Kelimeler Sufî, Hocalar, Doğu Türkistan, Yarkend Hanedanlığı, Akdağlı, Karadağlı
Kaynakça Akın, Erdem. Alevi ve Sünni İnanç Dairelerinde Kültürel Süreklilik Bağlamında Sosyal Kontrolün Sağlanması: Siirt ve Muş Menkıbelerinin Karşılaştırmalı İncelenmesi. Ritüelleri ve Anlatılarıyla Kutsal Mekânlar (Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi Örneği) – I. Çanakkale: Paradigma Akademi, 2020. Akın, Erdem. ““Kutsal”dan “Kurgu”ya: Alevi-Bektaşi Ziyaret Kültürünün Talip Apaydın Romanlarına Yansıması”. Alevilik-Bektaşilik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 26, (2022), 106-134. Alan, Hayrunnisa. “Çağatay Hanlığı”. Avrasya’nın Sekiz Asrı: Çengizoğulları. ed. Hayrunnisa Alan – İlyas Kemaloğlu. s. 68-97. İstanbul: Ötüken, 2016. Algar, Hamid. “Nakşibendiyye”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 32/335-342. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2006. Artan Ok, Mihriban. Şahkulu Ayaklanması ve Mehdilik. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, 2024. Artan, Mihriban. Horasan Erenleri’nden Hacı Bektaş Veli’nin İnsan Sevgisi ve Fütuhat Anlayışı. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, İhtisaslaşma Özel Sayısı, (2023), 200-212. Aybakan, Bilal. “Niyabet”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 33/161-163. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2007. Baharlu, İlgar. “Türkistan Nefesi: Hoca Ahmet Yesevi’den Hacı Bektaş Veli’ye Horasan Tasavvufu”. Department Of Tourısm Of Turkestan Regıon Llp (Tourıst Informatıon Center) Open Turkıstan, (2022), 50-56. Baharlu, İlgar. ““Hâl ile Kâl” Arasında: İran Tasavvuf Araştırmalarında Hoca Ahmet Yesevi”. Akademik Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi. 7/3, (2023), 2288-2299. Barkan, Ömer Lütfi. “Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bir İskân ve Kolonizasyon Metodu Olarak Vakıflar ve Temlikler 1, İstila Devirlerinin Kolonizatör Türk Dervişleri ve Zaviyeler”. Vakıflar Dergisi, 2, (1942), 305-353. Baytur, Enver – Sıdık, Hayrunisa. Şincañdaki Milletlerniñ Tarihi. Ürumçi: Milletler Neşriyati, 1999. Bellew, Henry Walter. The History of Kashgharia. Calcutta: The Foreign Department Press, 1875. Biran, Michal. “The Chaghadaids and Islam: The Conversion of Tarmashirin Khan (1331-34)”. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 122/4 (2002), 742-752. Çelik, Muhammed Bilal. “Türkistan Tarihinde Tarikat-Siyaset İlişkileri: Yarkend Hanlığı Örneği”. Doğu ve Batı Türklüğünün Ortak Tarihî Devirleri ve Münasebetleri (Siyaset – Yönetim – Din). s. 51-66. Konya: Palet Yayınları, 2018. Çelik, Muhammed Bilal. Yarkend Hanlığı’nın Siyasi Tarihi. İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 2013. Çetin, Osman. “Horasan”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 18/234-241, İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 1998. Çuras, Şah Mahmud. Saidiye Handanlığı Tarihiga Dair Materiyallar. çev. H. Ali. Kaşgar: Kaşgar Uygur Neşriyatı, 1989. Deweese, Devin. Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tükles and Conversion to Islam in Historical and Epic Tradition. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania University, 1994. Duğlat, Mirza Haydar. Tarih-i Reşidî: Geride Bıraktıklarımızın Hikayesi. çev. Osman Karatay. İstanbul: Selenge Yayınları, 2006. Fletcher, Joseph F. “Confrontations between Muslim Missionaries and Nomad Unbelievers in the Late Sixteenth Century: Notes on Four Passages from the Diya al-Qulub”. Studies on Chinese and Islamic Inner Asia. s. 167-174. Variorum: Aldershot, Great Britain; Brookfield, VT., 1995. Gardner, Victoria R. The Written Represantations of a Central Asian Sufi Shaykh: Ahmad ibn Mawlana Jalal al-Din Khwajagi Kasani ‘Makhdum-ı Azam’ (D.1542). Michigan: University of Michigan, Doktora Tezi, 2006. Hamut, Bahargül. Silsilat az-Zahab: Kommentierung einer caghatai-uigurischen Handschrift zu den Aqtaghliq Hodjilar, einer mystischen Gruppierung in Xinjiang im 16.–18. Jahrhundert. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2011. Hartmann, Martin. Der lslamische Orient: Berichte und Forschungen. Berlin: Wolf Peiser Verlag, 1905. Kaçaranoğlu, Duygu. Çin ve Doğu Türkistan’da İslâm’ın Yayılışı. Rize: Rize Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2002 Kafalı, Mustafa. Çağatay Hanlığı 1227-1345. İstanbul: Berikan Yayınevi, 2005. Kemaloğlu, İlyas. “Altın Orda Devleti”. Avrasya’nın Sekiz Asrı: Çengizoğulları. ed. Hayrunnisa Alan – İlyas Kemaloğlu. s. 98-149. İstanbul: Ötüken, 2016 Keşkeri, Muhemmed Sadik. Tezkire-i Ezizan. dü. Nicat Muhlis – Şemsidin Emet. Keşker: Keşker Uyğur Neşriyatı. Kumru, Coşkun. Muhammed Sâdık Kaşgârî’nin Tezkire-i Hâcegân Adlı Eserinin Transkripsiyonu ve Değerlendirilmesi. Denizli: Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi 2016. Kurban, İklil. Doğu Türkistan İçin Savaş. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 1995. Kuropatkin, A. N. Kashgaria: (Eastern or Chines Turkistan) Historical and Geographical Sketch of the Country; İts Military Strength, Industrise and Trade. çev. Walter E. Gowan. London: W. Thacker, 1882. Liangtao, Weei. Yeken Hanlığının Tarihinden Umumi Beyan. çev. A. Nurdun. Sancak Halk Neşriyatı, 1999. Ma Dazheng. “The Tarim Basin”. History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in Contrast: from the Sixteenth to the mid-Nineteenth Century. dü. C. Adle – I. Habib. 5/s. 182-209. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 2003. Mcchesney, R. D. (1996a). “Barrier of Heterodoxy?: Rethinking the Ties Between Iran and Central Asia in the Sixteenth Century”. Safavid Persia: The History and Politics of an Islamic Society. Dü. C. Melville. s. 231-268. Londra: I. B. Tauris, 1996a. Mcchesney, R. D. Central Asia: Foundations of Change. Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1996b. Miyawaki, J. “History of the Dzungars: Introductory Survey”. History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in Contrast: from the Sixteenth to the mid-Nineteenth Century. dü. C. Adle – I. Habib. 5/s. 142-152. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 2003. Ocak, Ahmet. Yaşar. Türk Halk İnançlarında Evliya Menkıbeleri. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, 1984. Ocak, Ahmet. Yaşar. Orta çağ Anadolusunda İki Büyük Yerleşimci/Kolonizatör Derviş Dede Garkın ve Emirci Sultan Vefaiyye ve Yeseviyye Gerçeği. İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları, 2014. Öger, Adem. Uygurların Dinî, Siyasî ve Kültür Tarihinde Derin İz Bırakan Seyyid Âfâk Hoca ve Tezkiresi. Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi, 2020. Öngören, Reşat. “Zikir”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 44/409-412. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2013. Papas, Alexandre. Soufisme et Politique Entre Chine Tibet et Turkestan: Etude sur les Khwajas Naqshbandis du Turkestan Oriental. Paris: Librarie d’Amerique et d’Orient Jean Maisonneuve Successeur, 2005. Schwarz, Henry G. “The Khwajas of Eastern Turkestan”. Central Asiatic Journal. 20/4 (1976), 266-296. Tarih-i Kaşgar: Anonimnaya Tiyurkskaya Hronika Vladeteley Vostochnogo Turkestana Konets XVII Veka., düz. O. F. Akimuşkina. Sankt-Peterburg: Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Oriental Studies, 2001. Togan, İsenbike. “Uluğ Bey Zamanında Yasa ve Şeriat Tartışmaları”. Tarih Çevresi, 10 (1994), 9-16. Tosun, Necdet. “Kâsâni, Ahmed”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 24/531-534. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2001a. Tosun, Necdet. “Kâsâniyye”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 24/532-534. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2001b. Tosun, Necdet. “Yeseviyye”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 43/487-490, İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2013. Tosun, Necdet. Bahaeddin Nakşbend: Hayatı, Görüşleri, Tarikatı (XII-XVII. Asırlar). İstanbul: İnsan Yayınları, 2015. Tuğ, Kadir. Doğu Türkistan’da Hocalar Dönemi. Bişkek: Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2004. Turan, Osman. Selçuklular Tarihi ve Türk-İslâm Medeniyeti. İstanbul: Ötüken Yayınları, 2016. Uygun, Mehmet Nuri. “Mûsikî”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 44/413-413. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2013. Yüksel, Musa Şamil. Timurlarda Din-Devlet İlişkisi. Ankara: TTK Yayınları, 2009 Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Orta Asya Tarihi, Türk Kültür Tarihi, Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer) Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Tekin Tuncer NEVŞEHİR HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN-EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ 0000-0002-3985-8341 Türkiye
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Haziran 2024 Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Haziran 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Mayıs 2024 Kabul Tarihi 3 Haziran 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 110
Kaynak Göster ISNAD Tuncer, Tekin. “DİNÎ MİRAS VE SİYASÎ ÇEKİŞMELER: DOĞU TÜRKİSTAN’DA SÛFÎ HOCALAR”. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi 110 (Haziran 2024), 265-288. https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1480291.
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