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el-MÜDEVVENETÜ’l-KÜBRÂ Skip to content Sahnûn’un (ö. 240/854) Mâlikî fıkhına dair eseri.
Mâlikî mezhebinin teşekkül döneminde Mâlik b. Enes ve ona ait ilim halkasının fıkhî görüşlerini bir araya getirmek amacıyla tedvin edilen ve farklı Mâlikî çevrelerince mezhep içi fıkhî faaliyetlerin temel kaynağı kabul edilerek “ümmehât” veya “devâvîn” adıyla anılan kitaplar arasında ilk sırada yer alan el-Müdevvene bu mezhep literatürünün en önemli eserlerinden biridir.
Ehl-i re’yin farazî fıkıh anlayışına yakın olan Tunuslu Ali b. Ziyâd el-Absî’nin öğrencisi olduktan sonra Medine’ye giderek Mâlik’in ders halkasına katılan Esed b. Furât burada farazî meselelere dair çok soru sormasıyla dikkat çekmiş ve bu noktada ehl-i hadîsin fıkıh anlayışına daha yakın duran Mâlik tarafından Irak’a yönlendirilmiştir. Irak’ta Ebû Hanîfe’nin öğrencilerinden ve özellikle Muhammed b. Hasan eş-Şeybânî’den yararlanan Esed, Mâlik’in vefatı üzerine onun önde gelen talebelerinin bulunduğu Mısır’a gidip Irak’ta öğrendiği fıkhî meseleler hakkında Mâlik’in görüşlerini derlemek istemiştir. İbn Vehb ve Eşheb el-Kaysî ile görüştükten sonra kendi fıkıh anlayışına en yakın bulduğu İbnü’l-Kāsım’la çalışmaya karar veren Esed’in sorularını cevaplandıran İbnü’l-Kāsım, Mâlik’in görüşlerini bilmediği ya da hatırlayamadığı durumlarda tahrîc metodu ile hükümler oluşturmuştur. Esed ile İbnü’l-Kāsım’ın birlikte çalışması neticesinde ortaya çıkan ve altmış bölümden oluştuğu söylenen el-Esediyye, Mâlik’in temsil ettiği Hicaz fıkhından oldukça farklı özellikler taşıyan, Fâzıl b. Âşûr’un ifadesiyle “Iraklı metoda ve Hicazlı muhtevaya sahip” (M. İbrâhim Ali, s. 85), ayrıca delillerden arınmış fıkhî önermelerden oluşan bir eserdi.
el-Esediyye ile birlikte Kayrevan’a dönen Esed b. Furât eserinden ötürü buradaki Hicaz fıkıh geleneğine bağlı çevrelerce eleştirilmiştir. Bu eleştirileri en güçlü biçimde ifade eden kişiler arasında, Kayrevan ve Tunus’ta Hicaz fıkhı üzerine öğrenim görüp Mısır’a ve ardından Medine’ye giderek Mâlik’in öğrencilerinin halkalarına katılan Sahnûn da yer almaktadır. İlk seyahatinden yaklaşık on yıl sonra (188/804) tekrar Mısır’a giden Sahnûn, İbnü’l-Kāsım’la beraber Mâlik’in ve halkasının fıkhî birikimi üzerinde yeniden çalışması esnasında bir yandan el-Esediyye’yi özellikle Mâlik ile irtibatı açısından gözden geçirmiş, öte yandan bu eserde yer almayan Mâlik’e ait görüşleri toplamıştır. Yanında İbnü’l-Kāsım’ın Esed’e hitaben yazdığı ve kendi çalışmasında yapılan tashihleri kabul etmesini istediği mektubuyla birlikte Kayrevan’a dönen Sahnûn, kurduğu halkada Mısır’da hazırladığı metni talebelerine okuturken bu metin üzerindeki çalışmasına devam etmiştir. Bu dönemde İbnü’l-Kāsım’ın mektubunda belirttiği talebi kabul etmeyen Esed’in halkası ile Sahnûn’un halkası arasında yaşanan gerginlik şahsî çekişmenin ötesinde iki farklı fıkıh anlayışının mücadelesi olarak yorumlanmalıdır.
Sahnûn’un çalışması el-Esediyye’nin yeniden tasnifi, fıkhî meselelere yer yer hadis ve âsârın ilâve edilmesi, başta Medineliler olmak üzere Mâlik’in İbnü’l-Kāsım dışındaki önde gelen öğrencilerinin farklı rivayetlerinin kaydedilmesi ile Hicaz ve Suriye fakihlerinin bazı görüşleriyle zenginleştirilmesi yanında İbnü’l-Kāsım’ın şahsî görüşleri ve diğer birçok bilginin ayıklanmasını da kapsamaktadır. Bu gözden geçirme ve düzenleme sonucunda oluşan metne el-Müdevvene adı verilmiştir. Ancak Sahnûn, öğretim ve kadılık faaliyetlerinin yanı sıra siyasî ve içtimaî birçok mesele ile uğraştığından çalışmasını tamamlayamamış ve eserin bazı bölümleri el-Esediyye’de yer aldığı şekliyle kalmıştır. el-Müdevvene’den ayırmak amacıyla bu parçalara el-Muḫteliṭa denilmiş ve kaynaklarda Sahnûn’un eseri zaman zaman el-Müdevvene ve’l-Muḫteliṭa şeklinde adlandırılmıştır.
el-Müdevvene’nin kaynakları, II. (VIII.) yüzyıl sonu ve III. (IX.) yüzyıl başlarında Mâlik’in öğrencileri tarafından derlenen, Mâlikî mezhebinin ilk tedvin örnekleri olarak kabul edilebilecek metinlerden oluşmaktadır. Nitekim Sahnûn’un, Mısır ve Medine seyahatleri sırasında içinde İbnü’l-Kāsım’ın Semâʿının da yer aldığı çok sayıda semâ derlemesini toplayarak Kayrevan’a getirdiği belirtilmektedir (Kādî İyâz, IV, 51). el-Müdevvene’nin muhtevasını temelde Mâlik ve İbnü’l-Kāsım’ın görüşleri teşkil etmekle birlikte Mâlik’ten önce ve sonra yaşamış bazı Medineli fakihlerin yanı sıra Suriye ve Irak âlimlerinin görüşlerine de rastlanmaktadır (Sezgin, I, 403, 404, 405, 407, 519). Sahnûn’un İbnü’l-Kāsım’dan sonra en fazla istifade ettiği hocası İbn Vehb’in el-Muvaṭṭaʾ ve el-Câmiʿ adlı eserleri el-Müdevvene’deki hadis, âsâr ve özellikle Suriye fukahasına ait görüşlerin başlıca kaynakları arasındadır. Mâlik’in Mısırlı öğrencilerinden Eşheb el-Kaysî ve Abdullah b. Abdülhakem’in eserlerinden de yararlandığı anlaşılan Sahnûn, Medine fukahasının görüşleriyle Mâlik’in Medineli öğrencilerinin rivayet ve görüşleri hususunda Ebû Abdullah Muhammed b. Dînâr el-Cühenî, Ebû Amr Osman b. Kinâne, Mugīre b. Abdurrahman el-Mahzûmî ve İbnü’l-Mâcişûn’un o dönemde Kayrevan’a ulaştığı bilinen eserlerini kullanmış olmalıdır (Çavuşoğlu, s. 25, 28, 32, 75). Ancak söz konusu eserlerin özellikle Kuzey Afrika kütüphanelerinde bulunan yazma nüshalarını inceleyerek el-Müdevvene ile aralarındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koyan bir çalışma henüz yapılmamıştır.
Sahnûn’un ders halkasında uzun yıllar okunan ve onun sağlığında Endülüs’e ulaşan el-Müdevvene III. (IX.) yüzyıl sonlarından itibaren Kayrevan, Endülüs, Mağrib ve Sicilya Mâlikîleri’nin bütün fıkhî faaliyetlerinde esas aldıkları temel kaynak haline gelmiştir. Eserin Kayrevan’da merkezî bir mevkiye sahip olmasında, Sahnûn’un öğrencilerinden olan ve hocasının ardından ortaya çıkan ihtilâflarda takındığı tavırla Kayrevan Mâlikîliği’nin ana çizgisini temsil eden Yahyâ b. Ömer el-Kinânî ile bu çizgide yetişmiş İbn Ebû Zeyd el-Kayrevânî’nin belirleyici rol oynadığı anlaşılmaktadır (a.g.e., s. 78-88). Endülüs’teki kadı tayinlerinde el-Müdevvene’yi ezbere bilmenin şart koşulması ve el-Vâżıḥa ile el-Mevvâziyye gibi farklı eserler üzerinde çalıştığı için fıkhî faaliyetleri el-Müdevvene ile sınırlı olan fukahanın tepkisiyle karşılaşan Fazl b. Seleme b. Cerîr el-Cühenî’nin memleketi İlbîre’yi (Elvira) terketmek zorunda kalması (Kādî İyâz, V, 222) gibi birçok tarihî kayıt, el-Müdevvene’nin Endülüs’te ve Kuzey Afrika’daki mer‘î hukukun temel bilgi kaynağı olduğunu göstermektedir. Nitekim eserin bu mevkiinden ötürü “müdevvene” kelimesi günümüzde bazı Kuzey Afrika ülkelerinin hukuk dilinde “kanun” anlamında kullanılmaktadır (EI2 [İng.], VIII, 844).
Mısır Mâlikîleri arasında el-Müdevvene’nin yaygınlaşması ve mezhep içi fıkhî faaliyetlerin temel kaynağı haline gelmesi V. (XI.) yüzyıldan sonraya rastlamaktadır. Bu yüzyılın başlarında Iraklı Kādî Abdülvehhâb’ın ve VI. (XII.) yüzyılda Endülüslü İbn Ebû Rendeka et-Turtûşî’nin Mısır’a yerleşmesiyle birlikte Fâtımî hâkimiyetinden dolayı büyük ölçüde zayıflamış olan Mısır Mâlikî ekolünün yeniden canlanması, beraberinde el-Müdevvene merkezli fıkhî faaliyetlerin bu bölgede başlamasını da getirmiştir. el-Müdevvene’nin ilk Mısırlı şârihi muhtemelen Turtûşî’nin öğrencisi Kādî Sened b. İnân’dır. Irak Mâlikîleri arasında el-Müdevvene tercihi, bu bölgede Mâlikî tedris halkasının sona ermeye yüz tuttuğu bir dönemde Kādî Abdülvehhâb ile birlikte ortaya çıkmıştır. İbn Ebû Zeyd el-Kayrevânî’nin kitaplarının Ebû Bekir el-Ebherî’nin son dönemlerinde, muhtemelen 368-375 (978-986) yıllarında Bağdat’a ulaşmasıyla birlikte bu eserler ve onların esas aldığı el-Müdevvene ilgi görmeye başlamıştır. Iraklılar arasında el-Müdevvene üzerine ilk şerh çalışmasını Ebherî’nin öğrencilerinden İbnü’l-Cellâb yapmış olmalıdır. Onun öğrencisi Kādî Abdülvehhâb da el-Müdevvene tercihini açıkça ifade etmiştir (Çavuşoğlu, s. 208-211, 217).
el-Müdevvene’nin Mâlikîler arasında elde ettiği bu itibar hiç şüphesiz İbnü’l-Kāsım ve Sahnûn’un mezhep içindeki mevkileriyle ilgilidir. İbnü’l-Kāsım ve halkası, mezhebin teşekkülünde en belirleyici rolü oynayan Mısır Mâlikî ekolünün ana çizgisini oluşturur. Hicaz fıkıh geleneği içindeki re’y çizgisinin takipçisi olduğu anlaşılan İbnü’l-Kāsım’ın en belirgin özelliklerinden biri, fıkhî düşünce ve faaliyetlerini tamamıyla Mâlik’in ve halkasının birikimi üzerine inşa etmesidir. Mezhep içi fıkhî istidlâl anlayışını ve uygulamalarını geliştirerek Mâlikî mezhebinin teşekkülü sürecinde önemli rol oynayan İbnü’l-Kāsım ve talebelerinin aynı zamanda istihsan gibi Mâlikî usulünün esaslı unsurlarının tesbitinde büyük katkıları olmuştur (a.g.e., s. 39-45). İbn Hazm’ın “Medine ameli” olarak kabul edilenler de dahil olmak üzere Mâlikî fıkhının büyük ölçüde İbnü’l-Kāsım’ın re’y, istihsan ve tahrîclerine dayandığını ifade etmesi (İḥkâm, I, 565), Şâtıbî’nin meşhur eseri el-Muvâfaḳāt’a, İbnü’l-Kāsım ve Ebû Hanîfe’nin mezheplerini birbirine yakınlaştırmaya muvaffak olması sebebiyle böyle bir ismi vermiş olması (el-Muvâfaḳāt, I, 24) ve Hacvî’nin, “Aslında Mâlikîler Kāsımî’dir, onu taklit etmektedirler” şeklindeki kanaati (el-Fikrü’s-sâmî, I, 440), İbnü’l-Kāsım’ın mezhep içindeki mevkiini ortaya koyması açısından hayli dikkat çekicidir. Sahnûn’un şöhreti ise el-Esediyye’yi tashih ederken bizzat İbnü’l-Kāsım ile beraber Mâlik’in fıkhî mirasını yeniden incelemesinin yanı sıra gerek Kayrevan’da Ehl-i sünnet itikadının yerleşmesinde büyük payı olan bir lider oluşuyla, gerekse bu bölgede âdeta Ehl-i sünnet’in sembolü diye kabul edilen Mâlikî fıkhının güçlenmesi noktasında oynadığı rolle ilgilidir. el-Müdevvene’nin neden tercih edilmesi gerektiği konusunda Iraklı Kādî Abdülvehhâb’dan (Kādî İyâz, III, 246; Burhâneddin İbn Ferhûn, ed-Dîbâcü’l-müẕheb, s. 239-240) ve Mağribli Ebü’l-Hasan et-Tancî’den (Burhâneddin İbn Ferhûn, Tebṣıratü’l-ḥükkâm, I, 62; Venşerîsî, XII, 23) aktarılan değerlendirmeler, İbnü’l-Kāsım’ın Mâlik’e olan bağlılığı ve müntesip ictihad anlayışı ile Sahnûn rivayetinin güvenilirliği hususuna dikkat çekmektedir.
Üzerinde yapılan başarılı ihtisar çalışmalarının yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte el-Müdevvene, derslerde okutulan ve ezberlenen bir metin olma özelliğini zamanla kaybetmiş olsa da Mâlikî mezhebinin rivayet ve fetva kaynakları arasındaki öncelikli yerini her zaman korumuştur. Hatta VII. (XIII.) yüzyıl ve sonrasında el-Müdevvene’nin elde ettiği otoritenin İbnü’l-Kāsım’ın Mâlikî mezhebi içindeki mevkiinin de önüne geçtiği görülmektedir. VII. (XIII.) yüzyıla kadar devam eden mezhebin gelişme dönemi boyunca hemen her bölgede kaynağına bakılmaksızın İbnü’l-Kāsım’ın rivayet ve görüşleri mezhep içi tercih sıralamasında öncelikli kabul edilirken bu yüzyılla birlikte mezhep içinde tercih edilen rivayet ve görüşlerin el-Müdevvene’ye hasredildiği görülmektedir. Diğer bir ifade ile, Mâlik’in İbnü’l-Kāsım dışındaki öğrencilerinin el-Müdevvene’de yer alan rivayet ve görüşlerinin İbnü’l-Kāsım’ın el-Müdevvene’de yer almayan rivayet ve görüşlerine tercih edileceği konusunda ortak kanaate ulaşılmıştır.
Bütün fıkıh konularını ihtiva eden el-Müdevvene “Tahâret” bölümü (Kitâbü’t-Tahâre) ile başlayıp “Diyetler” bölümü (Kitâbü’d-Diyât) ile sona ermektedir. Bölümlerin sayısı ve düzeni açısından farklılıklar olsa da el-Müdevvene’nin tertip ve sistematiği erken dönem fıkıh literatürünün ilk örnekleri arasında yer alan İmam Mâlik’in el-Muvaṭṭaʾı ve Muhammed b. Hasan eş-Şeybânî’nin Kitâbü’l-Aṣl’ı ile benzerlik taşımaktadır. Bunlarda olduğu gibi el-Müdevvene’de de daha sonraki fıkıh kitaplarında görülen “kitâb”, “bab” ve “fasıl” gibi ana ve alt başlıklara dayanan daha gelişmiş ve ayrıntılı bir tasnif bulunmaz. el-Müdevvene’nin yazım üslûbu da diğer erken dönem fıkıh kitaplarında olduğu gibi büyük ölçüde soru-cevap metoduna dayanmaktadır. Öte yandan el-Muvaṭṭaʾ başta olmak üzere Mâlikî fıkıh kitaplarının sonunda genellikle yer alan ve haramlar-helâller ile bazı âdâb-ı muâşeret meselelerinin ele alındığı “Kitâbü’l-Câmi‘” adlı bölümün mevcut el-Müdevvene baskısında bulunmaması dikkat çekicidir.
el-Müdevvene, 476 (1083) tarihli bir yazma nüshası esas alınarak sekiz cilt halinde basılmış (Kahire 1323, 1325, 1345), ardından Beyrut’ta bunun ofset neşri yapılmıştır (I-VI, ts. [Dâru Sâdır]). Ayrıca İbn Rüşd el-Cedd’in el-Muḳaddimâtü’l-mümehhidât adlı şerhi, Süyûtî’nin Tezyînü’l-memâlik bi-menâḳıbı Mâlik’i ve Îsâ b. Mes‘ûd ez-Zevâvî’nin Menâḳıbü Mâlik’i ile birlikte yayımlanmış olup (I-IV, Kahire 1324) 1398 (1978) tarihli Beyrut baskısı da (I-IV) buna dayanmaktadır (Sezgin, I, 469; Abdullah Muhammed el-Habeşî, III, 1644). Ancak eserin henüz tenkitli bir neşri yapılmamıştır.
Muhtasarları ve Şerhleri. III. (IX.) yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren el-Müdevvene üzerine pek çok şerh, muhtasar, ta‘lik, ziyâdât ve ihtisar çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalarda Mâlikî fıkıh tarihinde ortaya çıkan farklı eğilimleri, gruplaşmaları, gelişen fıkıh dilini ve terminolojiyi izlemek mümkündür. el-Müdevvene’nin sayısı otuza ulaşan muhtasarlarından en meşhurları şunlardır: 1. İbn Ebû Zeyd el-Kayrevânî, Muḫtaṣarü’l-Müdevvene (İḫtiṣârü’l-Müdevvene). Eser üzerine yapılan ilk ve en meşhur çalışmalardan biri olup ders kitabı diye hazırlanmıştır. İbn Ebû Zeyd, bu ihtisarı yanında eserde Mâlik’e ait olanlar da dahil bütün görüşleri İbnü’l-Kāsım’a izâfe etmiş, el-Müdevvene dışındaki temel kaynaklarda yer alan farklı rivayet ve görüşleri, ayrıca kitabın sonuna el-Müdevvene’de bulunmayan “Kitâbü’l-Ferâʾiż” ve “Kitâbü’l-Câmiʿ” adlı bölümleri eklemiştir. Eserin Mısır ve Kuzey Afrika kütüphanelerinde yazma nüshaları bulunmaktadır (Sezgin, I, 470, 481; M. Âbid el-Fâsî, I, 332; II, 436-441; Sıddîk b. el-Arabî, s. 226; Muranyi, Dirâsât, s. 19-20). 2. Ebû Saîd el-Berâziî, et-Tehẕîb fi’ḫtiṣâri’l-Müdevvene. el-Müdevvene dışındaki kitaplardan herhangi bir ilâve içermediği, metnin muhteva ve ifadelerine sadık kaldığı ve Sahnûn’un son şeklini veremediği bölümleri diğer bölümlere uygun olarak yeniden tanzim ettiği için kısa zamanda hocası İbn Ebû Zeyd’in muhtasarının yerini alarak Kuzey Afrika, Sicilya ve Endülüs Mâlikîleri arasında en önemli başvuru kaynağı haline gelmiş (Kādî İyâz, VII, 257; Abdurrahman b. Muhammed ed-Debbâğ – İbn Nâcî, II, 146-147; İbn Haldûn, s. 422) ve el-Müdevvene denildiği zaman artık Berâziî’nin et-Tehẕîb’i anlaşılır olmuştur (Hacvî, II, 398). İbn Haldûn, Muḫtaṣaru İbni’l-Ḥâcib’in telifinden sonra bile et-Tehẕîb’in ders kitabı olarak kullanılmaya devam edildiğini belirtmektedir (Muḳaddime, s. 423). Müellifi tarafından, el-Müdevvene ve el-Muḫteliṭa’nın içerdiği meseleleri “tehzîb” için kaleme alındığı belirtildiğinden et-Tehẕîb fi’ḫtiṣari’l-Müdevvene şeklinde isimlendirilen ve bazı çağdaş çalışmalarda Tehẕîbü’l-Müdevvene ve’l-Muḫteliṭa şeklinde kaydedilen eserin (Brockelmann, GAL, III, 290; H. Hüsnî Abdülvehhâb, I, 650) tenkitli neşri Muhammed el-Emîn Veledü Muhammed Sâlim b. eş-Şeyh tarafından yapılmıştır (I-IV, Dübey 1420/1999). et-Tehẕîb üzerine çok sayıda şerh ve ta‘lik çalışması gerçekleştirilmiş (Abdullah Muhammed el-Habeşî, III, 1645-1646), ayrıca Ebû Muhammed Abdülhak b. Muhammed es-Sehmî es-Sıkıllî, Berâziî’nin hataları konusunda İstidrâk ʿalâ Muḫtaṣari’l-Berâziʿî isimli bir eser kaleme almıştır. 3. İbn Rüşd el-Ced, el-Muḳaddimâtü’l-mümehhidât. el-Müdevvene’deki meseleleri daha sistematik hale getirerek naslarla temellendirmesi, fıkıh usulü açısından açıklaması ve mezhep içi ittifak ve ihtilâfların yanı sıra bazan diğer mezheplerin görüşlerine de yer vermesiyle eserin muhtasarları arasında özel bir yere sahiptir (nşr. Muhammed Haccî – Saîd A‘râb, I-III, Beyrut 1408/1988). İbn Ebû Zemenîn’in el-Muġrib (el-Muḳarrib) fi’ḫtiṣâri’l-Müdevvene, Ebü’l-Kāsım Halef b. Behlûl el-Berbelî’nin et-Taḳrîb, Abdullah b. Abdurrahman eş-Şârimsâhî’nin Naẓmü’d-dürer fi’ḫtiṣâri’l-Müdevvene’si de anılması gereken diğer muhtasarlardır.
İlk örnekleri Sahnûn’un öğrencileri tarafından verilen ve sayıları altmışın üzerinde olan el-Müdevvene şerhlerinin başlıcaları şöyle sıralanabilir: 1. Ebû Bekir İbn Yûnus es-Sıkıllî el-Câmiʿ li-mesâʾili’l-Müdevvene. Mâlikî çevrelerindeki şöhretinden dolayı “mezhebin mushafı” lakabını kazanan (Burhâneddin İbn Ferhûn, ed-Dîbâcü’l-müẕheb, s. 369; İbn Haldûn, s. 422) ve Kayrevan metodunun tipik örneklerinden biri olan eser (Muhammed b. Ahmed ed-Desûkī, I, 22; Muhammed İlîş, I, 11; M. Fâzıl b. Âşûr, IV/2 [1996], s. 74, 75), aynı zamanda Halîl b. İshak el-Cündî’nin el-Muḫtaṣar’ının el-Müdevvene şerhleri arasında dört temel tercih kaynağından biridir (yazmaları için bk. Sezgin, I, 471; Ali b. Muhammed ez-Zehrânî, s. 314; Muranyi, Dirâsât, s. 16; Muhammed el-Menûnî, I, 235). 2. Ebü’l-Hasan Ali b. Muhammed el-Lahmî, et-Tebṣıra (Taʿlîḳ ʿale’l-Müdevvene). Daha önceki şerhlerden farklı bir tenkit ve tercih metodu geliştirerek mezhep birikimi içinde yer alan farklı görüşlerin ortaya çıkarılmasını amaçlamaktadır. Hem rivayet (sened) yönünden hem mezhebin temel ilkeleri ve maslahat ilkesiyle uyumluluğu açısından tenkide tâbi tutulan mezhep birikimi arasından zaman zaman mezhebin muteber görüşüne muhalif tercihler yapan ve sık sık tahrîc yöntemine başvuran Lahmî ve öğrencilerinin bu çalışmaları sonucunda Mâlikî mezhebinin mezhep içi fıkhî istidlâl usulü ve tercih sınıflaması yeni bir şekil almıştır (Çavuşoğlu, s. 90-92). 3. Mâzerî, Şerḥ (Taʿlîḳa) ʿale’l-Müdevvene. İki farklı fıkıh anlayışını yansıtan Irak ve Kayrevan metotlarını muhtemelen ilk defa bir araya getiren eserdir (a.g.e., s. 92, yazma nüshası için bk. Rabat Evkaf Ktp., nr. 150; bk. Sezgin, I, 469). 4. Kādî Ebû Ali Sened b. İnân, Ṭırâzü’l-meclis. Mısır’da yazılmış az sayıdaki el-Müdevvene şerhlerinin ilki olmasıyla tanınmıştır. 5. Kādî İyâz, et-Tenbîhâtü’l-müstenbiṭa fî şerḥi müşkilâti’l-Müdevvene ve’l-Muḫteliṭa. Mâzerî’nin mezhep içi istidlâl anlayışını ve Irak’la Kayrevan metotlarını bir araya getirme hedefini sürdüren bir eserdir (yazma nüshaları için bk. Sezgin, I, 469; M. Âbid el-Fâsî, III, 269; Sıddîk b. el-Arabî, s. 214, nr. 752, 753; Abdullah Muhammed el-Habeşî, III, 1649).
Ebû Saîd el-Berâziî’nin Kitâbü’ş-Şerḥ ve’t-temâmât li-mesâʾili’l-Müdevvene’si (Kayrevan Ulucamii Kütüphanesi’nde bulunan parçaları için bk. Hasan Hüsnî Abdülvehhâb, I, 653), Ebû Muhammed Abdülhak b. Muhammed es-Sehmî es-Sıkıllî’nin, en-Nüket ve’l-furûḳ li-mesâʾili’l-Müdevvene ve’l-Muḫteliṭa ile Tehẕîbü’ṭ-ṭâlib ve fâʾidetü’r-râġıb ʿale’l-Müdevvene’si (Sezgin, I, 471; Muranyi, Dirâsât, s. 17-18; Muhammed el-Menûnî, I, 235) ve Ebü’t-Tâhir İbrâhim b. Abdüssamed’in et-Tenbîh ʿalâ mebâdiʾi’t-tevcîh’i de (Sezgin, I, 469; Abdullah Muhammed el-Habeşî, III, 1644) el-Müdevvene üzerine yazılmış başlıca şerhler arasındadır. İbn Ebû Zeyd el-Kayrevânî’nin en-Nevâdir ve’z-ziyâdât adlı eseri de Mâlikî mezhebinin el-Müdevvene dışındaki temel rivayet kaynaklarının tamamında yer alan farklı rivayet ve görüşleri derleyen önemli bir çalışmadır (nşr. Muhammed Haccî v.dğr., I-XV, Beyrut 1999).
Yakın dönemde el-Müdevvene’nin kaynakları hakkında yapılan çalışmalar arasında Ahmed b. Muhammed el-Amrânî’nin İḳbâlü’s-sürûr bi-taḫrîci eḥâdîs̱i’l-Müdevveneti’l-kübrâ adlı eseriyle Tâhir Muhammed ed-Derdîrî’nin Ümmülkurâ Üniversitesi’nde hazırladığı, Taḫrîcü’l-eḥâdîs̱i’n-nebeviyyeti’l-vâride fî Müdevveneti’l-İmâm Mâlik b. Enes başlığıyla yayımlanan doktora tezi zikredilebilir (I-III, Mekke 1406/1985). Batı dünyasında el-Müdevvene’ye dair dikkati çeken çalışmalar, Kuzey Afrika yazmaları üzerindeki incelemeleriyle tanınan Miklos Muranyi tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Muranyi’nin Sahnûn’un eserleri üzerine kaleme almış olduğu Die Rechtsbücher des Qairawāners Saḥnūn B. Saʻīd: Entstehungsgeschichte und Werküberlieferung adlı çalışmasının yanı sıra (Stuttgart 1999) erken dönem Mâlikî kaynakları ve özellikle İbnü’l-Kāsım’ın semâı hakkındaki eserleri zikredilmelidir.
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Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2006 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 31. cildinde, 470-473 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.