1862 Apollo /əˈpɒloʊ/ is a stony asteroid, approximately 1.5 kilometers in diameter, classified as a near-Earth object (NEO). It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory on 24 April 1932, but lost and not recovered until 1973.
| A three-dimensional model of 1862 Apollo based on its light-curve | |||||||||||||||||
| Discovery[1] | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discovered by | K. Reinmuth | ||||||||||||||||
| Discovery site | Heidelberg Obs. | ||||||||||||||||
| Discovery date | 24 April 1932 | ||||||||||||||||
| Designations | |||||||||||||||||
| (1862) Apollo | |||||||||||||||||
| Pronunciation | /əˈpɒloʊ/[2] | ||||||||||||||||
Named after | Apollo (Greek mythology) | ||||||||||||||||
| 1932 HA | |||||||||||||||||
| NEO · PHA Venus-crosser Mars-crosser Apollo asteroids | |||||||||||||||||
| Symbol | (astrological) | ||||||||||||||||
| Orbital characteristics[1] | |||||||||||||||||
| Epoch 29 December 2009 (JD 2455194.5) | |||||||||||||||||
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Observation arc | 85.32 yr (31162 days) | ||||||||||||||||
| Earliest precovery date | 13 December 1930 | ||||||||||||||||
| Aphelion | 2.2935 AU (343.10 Gm) | ||||||||||||||||
| Perihelion | 0.64699 AU (96.788 Gm) | ||||||||||||||||
| 1.4702 AU (219.94 Gm) | |||||||||||||||||
| Eccentricity | 0.55994 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1.78 yr (651.15 d) | |||||||||||||||||
| 144.22° | |||||||||||||||||
| 0° 33m 10.332s / day | |||||||||||||||||
| Inclination | 6.3530° | ||||||||||||||||
| 35.739° | |||||||||||||||||
| 285.85° | |||||||||||||||||
| Earth MOID | 0.0257026 AU (3.84505 Gm) | ||||||||||||||||
| Jupiter MOID | 3.06837 AU (459.022 Gm) | ||||||||||||||||
| TJupiter | 4.415 | ||||||||||||||||
| Physical characteristics | |||||||||||||||||
| Dimensions | 1.5 km (0.93 mi)[3] | ||||||||||||||||
| 0.75 km | |||||||||||||||||
| 3.065 h (0.1277 d) | |||||||||||||||||
| 0.25[1][3] | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| Q (Tholen, SMASS) B–V = 0.819 U–B = 0.481 | |||||||||||||||||
| 16.25[1] | |||||||||||||||||
It is the namesake and the first recognized member of the Apollo asteroids, a subgroup of NEOs which are Earth-crossers, that is, they cross the orbit of the Earth when viewed perpendicularly to the ecliptic plane (crossing an orbit is a more general term than actually intersecting it). In addition, since Apollo’s orbit is highly eccentric, it crosses the orbits of Venus and Mars and is therefore called a Venus-crosser and Mars-crosser as well.
Although Apollo was the first Apollo asteroid to be discovered, its official IAU-number (1862) is higher than that of some other Apollo asteroids such as 1566 Icarus, due to the fact that it was a lost asteroid for more than 40 years and other bodies were numbered in the meantime. The analysis of its rotation provided observational evidence of the YORP effect.[5]
It is named after the Greek god Apollo. He is the god of the Sun, child of Zeus and Leto, after which the minor planets 5731 Zeus and 68 Leto are named.[6]
On November 4, 2005, it was announced that an asteroid moon, or satellite of Apollo, had been detected by radar observations from Arecibo Observatory, Puerto Rico, October 29 – November 2, 2005. The announcement is contained in the International Astronomical Union Circular (IAUC) 8627.[7] The satellite is only 80 m (260 ft) across and orbits Apollo just 3 km (1.9 mi) away from the asteroid itself.[8] From the surface of Apollo, S/2005 (1862) 1 would have an angular diameter of about 2.0835 degrees.[a]
1862 Apollo is a potentially hazardous asteroid (PHA) because its minimum orbit intersection distance (MOID) is less than 0.05 AU and its diameter is greater than 150 meters. Apollo’s Earth MOID is 0.0257 AU (3,840,000 km; 2,390,000 mi).[1] Its orbit is well-determined for the next several hundred years. On 17 May 2075 it will pass 0.0083 AU (1,240,000 km; 770,000 mi) from Venus.[1]
- ^ Calculated from the formula = (206265) d / D arcseconds. (see Angular diameter)
- ^ a b c d e f “JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1862 Apollo (1932 HA)” (2015-03-16 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
- ^ “Apollo”. Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020.
- ^ a b Gehrels, Tom (1994). Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp. 540–543. ISBN 978-0816515059.
- ^ “Planetary Habitability Calculators”. Planetary Habitability Laboratory. University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- ^ Durech, J.; Vokrouhlický, D.; Kaasalainen, M.; Weissman, P.; Lowry, S. C.; Beshore, E.; Higgins, D.; Krugly, Y. N.; et al. (September 2008). “New photometric observations of asteroids (1862) Apollo and (25143) Itokawa – an analysis of YORP effect” (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 488 (1): 345–350. Bibcode:2008A&A…488..345D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809663.
- ^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). “(1862) Apollo”. Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1862) Apollo. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 149. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1863. ISBN 978-3-540-29925-7.
- ^ “IAU Circular No. 8627”. International Astronomical Union. Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
- ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (16 November 2014). “(1862) Apollo”. Johnston’s Archive. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
- Lightcurve plot of 1862 Apollo, Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2005)
- Asteroids with Satellites, Robert Johnston, johnstonsarchive.net
- Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info Archived 16 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine)
- Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
- Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
- 1862 Apollo at NeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site
- 1862 Apollo at ESA–space situational awareness
- 1862 Apollo at the JPL Small-Body Database
