3361 Orpheus (1982 HR) is an Apollo asteroid that was discovered on 24 April 1982 by Carlos Torres at Cerro El Roble Astronomical Station. Its eccentric orbit crosses that of Mars and Earth, and approaches Venus as well. From 1900 to 2100 it passes closer than 30 Gm (0.20 AU; 78 LD; 30 million km; 19 million mi) to Venus, 11; Earth, 33; and Mars, 14 times. It passed by Earth at a distance of about 0.03 AU (12 LD; 4.5 Gm; 4.5 million km; 2.8 million mi) in 1937, 1978, 1982, and 2021, and will do so again in 2025.[1]
| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Carlos Torres |
| Discovery site | Cerro El Roble |
| Discovery date | 24 April 1982 |
| Designations | |
| (3361) Orpheus | |
| Pronunciation | /ˈɔːrfiːəs, ˈɔːrfjuːs/ |
Named after | Orpheus, a legendary Greek bard and prophet |
| 1982 HR | |
| PHA[1] | |
| Adjectives | Orphean (Orphæan) /ɔːrˈfiːən/[2] |
| Orbital characteristics[1] | |
| Epoch 13 June 2008 (JD 2454630.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 11752 days (32.18 yr) |
| Aphelion | 1.5999 AU (239.34 Gm) |
| Perihelion | 0.81893 AU (122.510 Gm) |
| 1.2094 AU (180.92 Gm) | |
| Eccentricity | 0.32288 |
| 1.33 yr (485.82 d) | |
| 283.408° | |
| 0° 44m 27.636s / day | |
| Inclination | 2.6849° |
| 189.602° | |
| 301.651° | |
| Earth MOID | 0.0139175 AU (2.08203 Gm) |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 0.3 km[1] |
| 0.15 km | |
| 3.532 h (0.1472 d)[1] | |
| 19.03[1] | |
3361 Orpheus is a potentially hazardous asteroid (PHA) because its minimum orbit intersection distance (MOID) is less than 0.05 AU (19 LD; 7.5 Gm; 7.5 million km; 4.6 million mi) and its diameter is greater than 140 metres (460 ft). The Earth-MOID is 0.0139 AU (5.4 LD; 2.08 Gm; 2.08 million km; 1.29 million mi).[1] With an observation arc of 36 years, the orbit is well-determined for the next several hundred years.
The orbital solution includes non-gravitational forces.[1]
| Date | JPL SBDB nominal geocentric distance | uncertainty region (3-sigma) |
|---|---|---|
| 2021-11-21 | 5768611 km | ± 18 km |
| 2198-04-16 | 3908508 km | ± 129 km[3] |
![[en] | 3361 Orpheus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Animation_of_DART_trajectory_around_Sun.gif)
3361 Orpheus had been one of the originally proposed targets for the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) mission.
The proposed AIDA mission’s spacecraft, Double Asteroid Redirection Test was a fly-by observation of 3361 Orpheus during its trajectory to asteroid 65803 Didymos but later cancelled.[4][clarification needed]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i “JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3361 Orpheus (1982 HR)” (last observation: 17 November 2021). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ “Orphean”. Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ “Horizons Batch for 2198-Apr-16 Close Approach”. JPL Horizons. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2022. RNG_3sigma = uncertainty range in km. (JPL#179/Soln.date: 2022-Mar-23 generates RNG_3sigma = 129 km)
- ^ Cheng, A.F.; Michel, P.; Jutzi, M.; Rivkin, A.S.; Stickle, A.; Barnouin, O.; Ernst, C.; Atchison, J.; Pravec, P.; Richardson, D.C. (2016). “Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment mission: Kinetic impactor”. Planetary and Space Science. 121: 27–35. Bibcode:2016P&SS..121…27C. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2015.12.004.
- 3361 Orpheus at NeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site
- 3361 Orpheus at ESA–space situational awareness
- 3361 Orpheus at the JPL Small-Body Database
