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Entelektüel Sermaye Performansının CRITIC ve Gri İlişkisel Analiz Yöntemi ile Ölçülmesi: Metal Eşya Sektörü Örneği Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 2, 247 – 262, 30.04.2024
Neilan Soylu , Abdul Khair Zafari
https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1404849
Öz Purpose: Nowadays intellectual capital has become a strategic resource for businesses. Businesses that raise intellectual capital through investments and manage it efficiently can gain competitive advantage and increase their market value. For this reason, the efficient management and performance of intellectual capital in businesses is becoming an increasingly important issue. In this context, the study aims to measure and evaluate intellectual capital performance in businesses with multi-criteria decision-making methods. Methodology: The study was carried on Metal Goods, Machinery, Electrical Devices and Transportation Vehicles sector businesses listed in Borsa Istanbul. Intellectual capital performance criteria were determined as the number of employees (cost), R&D expenses (cost), marketing expenses (cost), capital used (cost), PD-DD difference (benefit) and net sales (benefit). The data used in the study was obtained from the financial statements, footnotes and annual activity reports of the businesses for the years 2016-2020. In the analysis of the data, first the criteria weights were determined through the CRITIC method, afterwards the performance rankings of the enterprises were obtained using the Gray Relational Analysis method. Findings: According to the analysis results FROTO company ranked first in the intellectual capital performance ranking in all years excepting 2016. In general, the results revealed that the intellectual capital performance rankings of enterprises did not vary excessively in the period covered by the study. Originality: This study has unique value in terms of measuring the intellectual capital performance of businesses with CRITIC-based Gray Relational Analysis methods, one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods. Keywords: Intellectual Capital, Performance, CRITIC, Gray Relational Analysis JEL Codes: E22, M40, L25, O34
Anahtar Kelimeler Intellectual Capital, Performance, CRITIC, Gray Relational
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(2012). “Intellectual Capital Transformation Evaluating Model”. Journal of :Intellectual Capital, 13(4), 444-461. Nourani, M., Chandran, V.G.R., Kweh, Q.L. ve Lu, W.M. (2018). Measuring Human, Physical and Structural Capital Efficiency Performance of Insurance Companies”, Social Indicators Research, 137, 281-315. Olohunlana, A.O., Odeleye, A.T.ve Isola, W.A. (2023). “Determinants of the Intellectual Capital Efficiency of Listed Banks in Nigeria: A DEA Approach”, Journal of Business and Socio-economic Development, 3(1), 86-96. Peker, İ. ve Baki, B. (2011). “Gri İlişkisel Analiz Yöntemiyle Türk Sigortacilik Sektöründe Performans Ölçümü”, Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 4(7), 1-17. Pulic, A. (2004). “Intellectual Capital–Does It Create or Destroy Value?”, Measuring Business Excellence, 8(1), 62-68. Soylu, N. (2020). “Entelektüel Sermaye Etkinliğinin Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi: BİST Teknoloji Şirketlerine Yönelik Bir Araştırma”, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (85), 269-286. Srivihok, A. ve Intrapairote, A. (2006). “Intellectual Capital Measurement: Case Studies of SMEs in Thailand”, Proceedings of the International E-Business, Bangkok. Stewart, T.A. (1997). “Intellectual Capital”, Doubleday-Currency, New York. Sullivan Jr, P.H. ve Sullivan Sr, P.H. (2000). “Valuing Intangibles Companies–An Intellectual Capital Approach”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(4), 328-340. Sveiby, K.E. (1997). “The New Organizational Wealth: Managing & Measuring Knowledge-Based Assets”, Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Şenol, Z. ve Ulutaş, A. (2018). “Muhasebe Temelli Performans Ölçümleri ile Piyasa Temelli Performans Ölçümlerinin CRITIC ve ARAS Yöntemleriyle Değerlendirilmesi”, Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, (641), 983-1002. T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı (2018). https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imalat-Sanayii-Politikalari-Ozel-Ihtisas-Komisyonu-Raporu.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 01.12.2023) Tamošiūnienė, R. ve Sajavičiūtė, M. (2022). “Evaluation of the Intellectual Capital Impact on the Company's Attractiveness”, International Scientific Conference “UNITECH 2022” – Gabrovo, 449-454. Topaloğlu, E.E. ve Karakozak, Ö. (2017). “Entelektüel Sermayenin İşletmelerde Bir Bütün Olarak Ölçülmesi: BİST 30 Uygulaması”, Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 9(16), 119-136. Uygurtürk H. ve Yetik, H (2022). “Sektör Bazlı Finansal Performans Ölçümü: BİST Ana Metal Sanayi İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Ekonomi ve Finans Alanındaki Uygulamaların Ampirik Sonuçları – 2 (Editör: Karabulut, Ş.), 383-400. Uygurtürk, H. ve Yıldız, İ. (2021). “İşletmelerin Etkinlikleri ile Finansal Performansları Arasındaki İlişki: Bilişim Sektörü Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Verimlilik Dergisi, 1, 3-15. Venugopal, D., Nambi, S.T. ve Lakshmanan, M. (2018). “A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach to Performance Efficiency of Intellectual Capital-Case of Titan Company Limited”, SDMIMD Journal of Management, 9(1), 1-8. Wang, C.N., Chang, Y.L., Huang, Q.H. ve Wang, C.H. (2011). “Assessment on Intellectual Capital Management for Taiwanese Pharmaceutical İndustry: Using GRA and MPI”, African Journal of Business Management, 5(7), 2950-2958. Wu, W.Y., Tsai, H.J., Cheng, K.Y.ve Lai, M. (2006). “Assessment of Intellectual Capital Management in Taiwanese IC Design Companies: Using DEA and the Malmquist Productivity Index”, R&D Management, 36(5), 531-545. Yalama, A. ve Coskun, M. (2007). “Intellectual Capital Performance of Quoted Banks on the Istanbul Stock Exchange Market”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 8(2), 256-271. Yereli, A.N. ve Gerşil, G. (2005). “Entellektüel Sermayeyi Ölçme ve Raporlama Yöntemleri”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 12(2), 17-29. Yıldırım, B.F. (2015). “Gri İlişkisel Analiz”, Operasyonel, Yönetsel ve Stratejik Problemlerin Çözümünde Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri (Editörler: Yıldırım, F.B. ve Önder, E.), Dora Yayıncılık, 229-244. Zakery, A. ve Afrazeh, A. (2015). “Intellectual Capital Based Performance Improvement, Study in Insurance Firms”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 16(3), 619-638. Zavertiaeva, M. (2016). “Portfolio Forming Decisions: the Role of Intellectual Capital”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 17(3), 439-456. Zeghal, D. ve Maaloul, A. (2010). Analysing Value Added as An Indicator Of Intellectual Capital and its Consequences On Company Performance”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(1), 39-60.
Entelektüel Sermaye Performansının CRITIC ve Gri İlişkisel Analiz Yöntemi ile Ölçülmesi: Metal Eşya Sektörü Örneği Yıl 2024, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 2, 247 – 262, 30.04.2024
Neilan Soylu , Abdul Khair Zafari
https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1404849
Öz Amaç: Günümüzde entelektüel sermaye işletmeler için stratejik bir kaynak haline gelmiştir. Entelektüel sermayesini yatırımlarla büyüten ve etkin yöneten işletmeler rekabet avantajı sağlayabilmekte ve piyasa değerlerini artırabilmektedirler. Bu nedenle, işletmelerde entelektüel sermayenin etkin yönetimi ve performansı giderek önemini artıran bir konu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada işletmelerde entelektüel sermaye performansının çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile ölçülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Yöntem: Çalışma Borsa İstanbul’da kote Metal Eşya Makine Elektrikli Cihazlar ve Ulaşım Araçları sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işletmeler üzerine gerçekleştirilmiştir. Entelektüel sermaye performans kriterleri; çalışan sayısı (maliyet), Ar-Ge giderleri (maliyet), pazarlama giderleri (maliyet), kullanılan sermaye (maliyet), PD-DD farkı (fayda) ve net satışlar (fayda) şeklinde belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler, işletmelerin 2016-2020 yıllarına ait finansal tablo ve dipnotları ile yıllık faaliyet raporlarından elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde, önce CRITIC yöntemi aracılığıyla kriter ağırlıkları belirlenmiş, sonra Gri İlişkisel Analiz yöntemi kullanılarak işletmelerin performans sıralamaları elde edilmiştir. Bulgular: Analiz sonuçlara göre 2016 yılı hariç, tüm yıllarda entelektüel sermaye performans sıralamasında ilk sırada FROTO işletmesinin yer aldığı görülmüştür. Genel olarak, sonuçlar çalışmanın kapsadığı dönem boyunca işletmelerin entelektüel sermaye performans sıralamalarının fazla değişkenlik göstermediğini ortaya koymuştur. Özgünlük: Bu çalışma işletmelerin entelektüel sermaye performansının çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden CRITIC tabanlı Gri İlişkisel Analiz yöntemleriyle ölçülmesi bakımından özgün değer taşımaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Entelektüel Sermaye, Performans, CRITIC, Gri İlişkisel Analiz JEL Kodları: E22, M40, L25, O34
Anahtar Kelimeler Entelektüel Sermaye, Performans, CRITIC, Gri İlişkisel Analiz
Kaynakça Akgün, A.İ. ve Günay, B. (2021). “Entelektüel Sermaye Etkinliğinin Önceliklendirilmesinde Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Modellerinin Kullanılması: Bir Sağlık Hizmetleri Sektörü Örneği”, Sosyoekonomi, 29(47), 337-365. Alinezhad, A. ve Khalili, J. (2019). “CRITIC Method. New Methods and Applications in Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM)”, Springer Nature, Switzerland. Bozbura, F.T., Beskese, A. ve Kahraman, C. (2007). “Prioritization of Human Capital Measurement Indicators Using Fuzzy AHP”, Expert Systems with Applications, 32(4), 1100-1112. Calabrese, A., Costa, R. ve Menichini, T. (2013). “Using Fuzzy AHP to Manage Intellectual Capital Assets: An application to the ICT Service Industry”, Expert Systems with Applications, 40(9), 3747-3755. Campisi, D. ve Costa, R. (2008). “A DEA‐Based Method to Enhance Intellectual Capital Management”, Knowledge and Process Management, 15(3), 170-183. Chang, C.C., Hung, S.W. ve Huang, S.Y. (2013). “Evaluating the Operational Performance of Knowledge-Based Industries: The Perspective of Intellectual Capital”, Quality & Quantity, 47, 1367-1383. Chen, I.S. ve Chen, J.K. (2010). “How to Manage Knowledge Well? Evidence From the Life İnsurance Industry”, African Journal of Business Management, 4(17), 3605. Deng, J.L. (1982). “Control Problems of Grey Systems”, Systems and Control Letters 1(5), 288-294. Diakoulaki, D., Mavrotas, G. ve Papayannakis, L. (1995). “Determining Objective Weights in Multiple Criteria Problems: The CRITIC Method”, Computers & Operations Research, 22(7), 763-770. Ecer, F.ve Günay, F. (2014). “Borsa İstanbul’da İşlem Gören Turizm Şirketlerinin Finansal Performanslarının Gri İlişkisel Analiz Yöntemiyle Ölçülmesi”, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 25(1), 35-48. Hamzaçebi, C. ve Pekkaya, M. (2011). “Determining of Stock Investments with Grey Relational Analysis”, Expert Systems with Applications, 38(8), 9186-9195. Ika, S.R. ve Widagdo, A.K. (2021). “Ownership Structure and Intellectual Capital Performance: Evidence From Indonesian Banking Companies”, Corporate Leadership and Its Role in Shaping Organizational Culture and Performance (editor Azza Béjaoui). IGI Global.: Khodamoradi, S., Safari, A. ve Rahimi, R. (2014). “A Hybrid Multi-Criteria Model for Insurance Companies Rating”, International Business Research, 7(6), 150-163. Kuo, Y., Yang, T. ve Huang, G.W. (2008). “The Use of Grey Relational Analysis in Solving Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Problems”, Computers & industrial engineering, 55(1), 80-93. Lee, C.S. ve Wong, K.Y. (2019). “Advances in Intellectual Capital Performance Measurement: A State-Of-The-Art Review”, The Bottom Line, 32(2), 118-134. Lu, W.M., Wang, W.K., Tung, W.T. ve Lin, F. (2010). “Capability and Efficiency of Intellectual Capital: The Case of Fabless Companies in Taiwan”, Expert Systems with Applications, 37(1), 546-555. Molodchik, M., Shakina, E. ve Bykova, A. (2012). “Intellectual Capital Transformation Evaluating Model”. Journal of :Intellectual Capital, 13(4), 444-461. Nourani, M., Chandran, V.G.R., Kweh, Q.L. ve Lu, W.M. (2018). Measuring Human, Physical and Structural Capital Efficiency Performance of Insurance Companies”, Social Indicators Research, 137, 281-315. Olohunlana, A.O., Odeleye, A.T.ve Isola, W.A. (2023). “Determinants of the Intellectual Capital Efficiency of Listed Banks in Nigeria: A DEA Approach”, Journal of Business and Socio-economic Development, 3(1), 86-96. Peker, İ. ve Baki, B. (2011). “Gri İlişkisel Analiz Yöntemiyle Türk Sigortacilik Sektöründe Performans Ölçümü”, Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 4(7), 1-17. Pulic, A. (2004). “Intellectual Capital–Does It Create or Destroy Value?”, Measuring Business Excellence, 8(1), 62-68. Soylu, N. (2020). “Entelektüel Sermaye Etkinliğinin Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi: BİST Teknoloji Şirketlerine Yönelik Bir Araştırma”, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (85), 269-286. Srivihok, A. ve Intrapairote, A. (2006). “Intellectual Capital Measurement: Case Studies of SMEs in Thailand”, Proceedings of the International E-Business, Bangkok. Stewart, T.A. (1997). “Intellectual Capital”, Doubleday-Currency, New York. Sullivan Jr, P.H. ve Sullivan Sr, P.H. (2000). “Valuing Intangibles Companies–An Intellectual Capital Approach”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(4), 328-340. Sveiby, K.E. (1997). “The New Organizational Wealth: Managing & Measuring Knowledge-Based Assets”, Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Şenol, Z. ve Ulutaş, A. (2018). “Muhasebe Temelli Performans Ölçümleri ile Piyasa Temelli Performans Ölçümlerinin CRITIC ve ARAS Yöntemleriyle Değerlendirilmesi”, Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, (641), 983-1002. T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı (2018). https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Imalat-Sanayii-Politikalari-Ozel-Ihtisas-Komisyonu-Raporu.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 01.12.2023) Tamošiūnienė, R. ve Sajavičiūtė, M. (2022). “Evaluation of the Intellectual Capital Impact on the Company's Attractiveness”, International Scientific Conference “UNITECH 2022” – Gabrovo, 449-454. Topaloğlu, E.E. ve Karakozak, Ö. (2017). “Entelektüel Sermayenin İşletmelerde Bir Bütün Olarak Ölçülmesi: BİST 30 Uygulaması”, Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 9(16), 119-136. Uygurtürk H. ve Yetik, H (2022). “Sektör Bazlı Finansal Performans Ölçümü: BİST Ana Metal Sanayi İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Ekonomi ve Finans Alanındaki Uygulamaların Ampirik Sonuçları – 2 (Editör: Karabulut, Ş.), 383-400. Uygurtürk, H. ve Yıldız, İ. (2021). “İşletmelerin Etkinlikleri ile Finansal Performansları Arasındaki İlişki: Bilişim Sektörü Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Verimlilik Dergisi, 1, 3-15. Venugopal, D., Nambi, S.T. ve Lakshmanan, M. (2018). “A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach to Performance Efficiency of Intellectual Capital-Case of Titan Company Limited”, SDMIMD Journal of Management, 9(1), 1-8. Wang, C.N., Chang, Y.L., Huang, Q.H. ve Wang, C.H. (2011). “Assessment on Intellectual Capital Management for Taiwanese Pharmaceutical İndustry: Using GRA and MPI”, African Journal of Business Management, 5(7), 2950-2958. Wu, W.Y., Tsai, H.J., Cheng, K.Y.ve Lai, M. (2006). “Assessment of Intellectual Capital Management in Taiwanese IC Design Companies: Using DEA and the Malmquist Productivity Index”, R&D Management, 36(5), 531-545. Yalama, A. ve Coskun, M. (2007). “Intellectual Capital Performance of Quoted Banks on the Istanbul Stock Exchange Market”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 8(2), 256-271. Yereli, A.N. ve Gerşil, G. (2005). “Entellektüel Sermayeyi Ölçme ve Raporlama Yöntemleri”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 12(2), 17-29. Yıldırım, B.F. (2015). “Gri İlişkisel Analiz”, Operasyonel, Yönetsel ve Stratejik Problemlerin Çözümünde Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri (Editörler: Yıldırım, F.B. ve Önder, E.), Dora Yayıncılık, 229-244. Zakery, A. ve Afrazeh, A. (2015). “Intellectual Capital Based Performance Improvement, Study in Insurance Firms”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 16(3), 619-638. Zavertiaeva, M. (2016). “Portfolio Forming Decisions: the Role of Intellectual Capital”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 17(3), 439-456. Zeghal, D. ve Maaloul, A. (2010). Analysing Value Added as An Indicator Of Intellectual Capital and its Consequences On Company Performance”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(1), 39-60. Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular İşletme Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi Yazarlar Neilan Soylu KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0002-1258-2701 Türkiye
Abdul Khair Zafari KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ 0000-0002-8340-9391 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Aralık 2023 Kabul Tarihi 26 Mart 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 58 Sayı: 2
Kaynak Göster APA Soylu, N., & Zafari, A. K. (2024). Entelektüel Sermaye Performansının CRITIC ve Gri İlişkisel Analiz Yöntemi ile Ölçülmesi: Metal Eşya Sektörü Örneği. Verimlilik Dergisi, 58(2), 247-262. https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1404849
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